Access token validation failure. Invalid audience, office 365 Graph API - azure

Question

Sorry I am at a bit of a loss trying to set up the graph API.
My end goal is app only access.
When I try to auth I get the error 'access token validation fail. Invalid audience.
My code
import requests
tenant = 'widgetsinc'
token_request_url = 'https://login.microsoftonline.com/{}/oauth2/v2.0/token'.format(tenant)
auth_payload = {
'client_id': 'deaf-beef-cafe',
'scope': 'api://deaf-beef-cafe/.default',
'client_secret': 'hunter2',
'grant_type': 'client_credentials'
}
x = requests.post(token_request_url, data=auth_payload)
token = x.json()
print(token)
url = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users"
payload={'Authorization':token['access_token']}
x = requests.post(url, headers=payload)
print(x.json())
exit()```
The result of print(token)
{
'token_type': 'Bearer',
'expires_in': 3599,
'ext_expires_in': 3599,
'access_token': 'REMOVED'
}
the result of print(x.json())
{
'error': {
'code': 'InvalidAuthenticationToken',
'message': 'Access token validation failure. Invalid audience.',
'innerError': {
'date': '2023-01-25T00:38:48',
'request-id': 'removed',
'client-request-id': 'this also removed'
}
}
}```
my permissions for my app in the web ui
permissions

Answer 1

{ 'error': { 'code': 'InvalidAuthenticationToken', 'message': 'Access token validation failure. Invalid audience.', 'innerError': { 'date':'2023-01-25T00:38:48', 'request-id': 'removed', 'client-request-id': 'this also removed' } } }
The above error occurs when you pass the incorrect scope, or your token has the wrong audience, to call the Microsoft Graph API in your environment. According to MS-Document, to get an access token you need pass https://graph.microsoft.com/.default in scope.
I tried with same code using scope https://graph.microsoft.com/.default with same api permission to get all user got an error:
Api permission:
Code:
import requests
tenant = '<tenant-id>'
token_request_url = 'https://login.microsoftonline.com/{}/oauth2/v2.0/token'.format(tenant)
auth_payload = {
'client_id': '<client-id>',
'scope': 'https://graph.microsoft.com/.default',
'client_secret': '<client secret>',
'grant_type': 'client_credentials'
}
x = requests.post(token_request_url, data=auth_payload)
token = x.json()
print(token)
url = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users"
payload={'Authorization':token['access_token']}
x1 = requests.get(url, headers=payload)
token1=x1.json()
print(token1)
Console:
To get all user you need to use User.read.all with application API permisson.
API permission:
Console:
After adding API permission to the application, the code executed successfully with all user.
Reference:
List users - Microsoft Graph v1.0 | Microsoft Learn