I am running one application on linux with valgrind on my custom hardware ARM architecture board, which access external DDR memory (not present on board) causing application to crash with following reason
Bad mode in Error handler detected on CPU3. code 0xbf000002 -- SError
Kernel Panic- not synching bad mode
I dont see this problem when application tries to access on board local DDR memory.I dont see same problem with other memory leak tools like dmalloc or address sanitizer.
is this there any known problem and solution for this issue ?
not sure if I have given complete info let me know if you need more details.
Thanks in advance for you time & effort.
I was using valgrind memcheck tool to report memory leak issues from my application.
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Now a days debugging become so advanced that even 'core kernel source code' can be debugged using Virtual environment.
But after reading couple of blog related to Kernel Core development it was not clear whether they are debugging using Virtual environment.
They have mentioned that they rely on 'Printing message' rather than using debugging tool, at-least for core component.
So, I Request from 'Linux Kernel Experts' to let me know what is good practice followed while debugging Kernel?
I've tried multiple approaches when trying to debug the kernel.
Sometimes, the easiest way is to just add a few printk statements based on my own conditional values, monitor the serial log and see what's going on. Its especially useful when the function in question is invoked quite often, but you are interested only in a subset of those.
QEMU GDB debugging. I have a buildroot filesystem setup. This means the kernel is lean and it boots up real fast. I start qemu with the -s -S flags, and attach gdb as target remote :1234. Additionally, there aren't very many userspace processes in this setup so its easier to debug the kernel.
VMWare stub. Assuming you are running an Ubuntu VM, it is possible that you can attach gdb to a VMware stub and debug the kernel. Personally, I never have had to pursue this route, but I look forward to trying it out someday.
If you have a kernel for a device that gets stuck in a bootloop and it does not print out any debug information out onto serial, it still might be helpful to try and boot it up using QEMU. Sure, the booting up will probably fail as the kernel tries to load up drivers, but you should be able to attach gdb, get a stack trace and see what the root cause is(perhaps a recursive call).
I am new to linux kernel.
wandering how to browse the complete flow, right from the power up of CPU.
Basic idea on BIOS/ROM code.
can I have some tool to debug the complete kernel ?
or
raw code browsing is preferable ?
The following tools may help you to debug Linux kernel
Dynamic Probes is one of the popular debugging tool for Linux which developed by IBM. This tool allows the placement of a “probe” at almost any place in the system, in both user and kernel space. The probe consists of some code (written in a specialized, stack-oriented language) that is executed when control hits the given point. Resources regarding dprobes / kprobes listed below
http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/linuxonibm/liaax/dprobesltt.pdf
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.107.6212&rep=rep1&type=pdf
https://www.redhat.com/magazine/005mar05/features/kprobes/
https://sourceware.org/systemtap/kprobes/
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-kprobes/index.html
https://doc.opensuse.org/documentation/html/openSUSE_121/opensuse-tuning/cha.tuning.kprobes.html
Linux Trace Toolkit is a kernel patch and a set of related utilities that allow the tracing of events in the kernel. The trace includes timing information and can create a reasonably complete picture of what happened over a given period of time. Resources of LTT, LTT Viewer and LTT Next Generation
http://elinux.org/Linux_Trace_Toolkit
http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3829
http://multivax.blogspot.com/2010/11/introduction-to-linux-tracing-toolkit.html
MEMWATCH is an open source memory error detection tool. It works by defining MEMWATCH in gcc statement and by adding a header file to our code. Through this we can track memory leaks and memory corruptions. Resources regarding MEMWATCH
http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6059
ftrace is a good tracing framework for Linux kernel. ftrace traces internal operations of the kernel. This tool included in the Linux kernel in 2.6.27. With its various tracer plugins, ftrace can be targeted at different static tracepoints, such as scheduling events, interrupts, memory-mapped I/O, CPU power state transitions, and operations related to file systems and virtualization. Also, dynamic tracking of kernel function calls is available, optionally restrictable to a subset of functions by using globs, and with the possibility to generate call graphs and provide stack usage. You can find a good tutorial of ftrace at https://events.linuxfoundation.org/slides/2010/linuxcon_japan/linuxcon_jp2010_rostedt.pdf
ltrace is a debugging utility in Linux, used to display the calls a user space application makes to shared libraries. This tool can be used to trace any dynamic library function call. It intercepts and records the dynamic library calls which are called by the executed process and the signals which are received by that process. It can also intercept and print the system calls executed by the program.
http://www.ellexus.com/getting-started-with-ltrace-how-does-it-do-that/?doing_wp_cron=1425295977.1327838897705078125000
http://developerblog.redhat.com/2014/07/10/ltrace-for-rhel-6-and-7/
KDB is the in-kernel debugger of the Linux kernel. KDB follows simplistic shell-style interface. We can use it to inspect memory, registers, process lists, dmesg, and even set breakpoints to stop in a certain location. Through KDB we can set breakpoints and execute some basic kernel run control (Although KDB is not source level debugger). Several handy resources regarding KDB
http://www.drdobbs.com/open-source/linux-kernel-debugging/184406318
http://elinux.org/KDB
http://dev.man-online.org/man1/kdb/
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/jwessel/kdb/usingKDB.html
KGDB is intended to be used as a source level debugger for the Linux kernel. It is used along with gdb to debug a Linux kernel. Two machines are required for using kgdb. One of these machines is a development machine and the other is the target machine. The kernel to be debugged runs on the target machine. The expectation is that gdb can be used to "break in" to the kernel to inspect memory, variables and look through call stack information similar to the way an application developer would use gdb to debug an application. It is possible to place breakpoints in kernel code and perform some limited execution stepping. Several handy resources regarding KGDB
http://landley.net/kdocs/Documentation/DocBook/xhtml-nochunks/kgdb.html
First, see related question Linux kernel live debugging, how it's done and what tools are used?. Try to use KDB or Ftrace.
If your intention is understanding whole flow of Linux kernel, running Linux kernel on QEMU can be easy way to learn how Linux works. Esp. you can emulate many CPU types without real H/W. or how about user mode Linux?
This document can be helpful to debug kernel on QEMU.
Just adding, the Linux kernel is not very suitable for debugging. Linus Torvalds once stated that he's againts supportng kernel debugging in Linux because it leads to badly written code.
I used kdbg, however I didn't find it very useful, what I suggest is to debug the kernel the oldschool way, using printk.
I am using an at91sam9260 for my developments. There is a Linux kernel running in it and I start my own software on top of it.
I was wondering if I could use a JTAG debugger to debug the software I am working on without seeing to much of what is going on the Linux kernel ?
I am asking that because I think that I might become very complex to debug my software while seeing the full Linux execution.
In other words I would like to know if there could be some abstraction layer when debugging with JTAG probe?
Probably not -- as far as I know, most JTAG debuggers assume the ability of setting breakpoints in the processor. Under a multitasking OS, that stops the OS kernel too.
Embedded OS's like QNX have debuggers that operate on top of the OS kernel and which communicate over Ethernet.
Generally yes you can jtag as a debugger has absolutely nothing to do with what software you happen to be running on that processor. Where you can get into trouble is the cache, for example if you stop the processor want to change some instructions in ram, and restart, the changing of instructions in ram is a data access, which does not go through the instruction cache but the data cache, if you have a separate instruction and data cache, they are enabled and some of the instructions you have modified are at address that are in the instruction cache, you can get messed up pretty fast with new and stale instructions being fed to the processor. Linux likes to use the caches if there.
Second is the mmu, the processor/jtag is likely operating on the virtual addresses on the processor side of the mmu not the physical addresses, so depending on how the hardware works, if for example you set a breakpoint by address in a debug unit in the processor and the operating system task switches to another program/thread at that same address space, you will breakpoint on the wrong program at the right address. If the debugger/processor sets breakpoints by modifying an instruction in ram then you run into the cache problem above, IF not cached then you will break on the right instruction in the right thread, but then you have that cache problem.
Bottom line, absolutely, if the processor supports jtag based debugging that doesnt change based on whatever software you choose to run on that processor.
It depends on JTAG device and it's driver. Personally, I know only one device that capable of doing that: XDS560 + Code composer studio (CCS). But, there can be others.
I suggest to consult with manufacturer of your device.
For ARM, the Asset Arium family is claimed to be able to debug application code. I haven't tried it, though.
I use this windows API,
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa366589(v=vs.85).aspx
GlobalMemoryStatusEx to get memory information
my computer total physcial memory is 4096MB ,why the program shows 3.XG
My computer's virtual memory is 3063MB ,but i use program which show 2047MB
my develop enviroment is visual studio 2008
how to modify this problem
thanks
Aren't other programs using your system as well? I suspect the memory you're "missing" is due to the OS itself and whatever other programs you're running. See if having a bunch of other applications open changes the virtual memory size that your program is able to see.
Assuming you are running a 32bit version of windows, then this is a limit of windows itself. See this Microsoft page for the details. By default you will only be able to access 2GB of RAM in a single process. There is a compiler switch in visual studio which will give you access to 3GB. This is the /LARGEADDRESSAWARE switch. Beyond that you just need to upgrade to a 64bit operating system.
By the way, the basic reason why you don't automatically get 4GB of address space is because part of it is reserved for the operating system. Those system calls and references to operating system resources have to live somewhere.
When writing embedded ARM code, it's easy to access to the built-in zero wait state memory to accelerate your application. Windows CE doesn't expose this to user-mode applications, but there is probably a way to do it. The internal SRAM is usually used for the video buffer, but there's usually some left over. Anyone know how to do it?
Thanks,
Larry B.
Unfortunately you can't access the high speed ram from usermode-processes.
The only way to get access to it on a WindowsCE-OS is to write a driver, map the fixed address of the TCM into the user-mode process address space and pass it to the user-mode process.