Here is the code I try to execute:
from graphviz import Graph
# Instantiate a new Graph object
dot = Graph('Data Science Process', format='png')
# Add nodes
dot.node('A', 'Get Data')
dot.node('B', 'Clean, Prepare, & Manipulate Data')
dot.node('C', 'Train Model')
dot.node('D', 'Test Data')
dot.node('E', 'Improve')
# Connect these nodes
dot.edges(['AB', 'BC', 'CD', 'DE'])
# Save chart
#dot.render('data_science_flowchart', view=True)
The render function won't work, and I have not idea what is wrong. If commented out, the code works, but of course produces nothing. My goal is to make a visualization of the graph (PNG image, or PDF file). Just trying to plot a rudimentary flowchart in Python, I am open to using other libraries than graphviz: I am new to this, and tried graphviz after reading recommendations, tested a dozen scripts posted online, but none of them work, always resulting in the same error.
Here is the error:
$ py graph2.py
py graph2.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\vince\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\graphviz\backend\execute.py", line 81, in run_check
proc = subprocess.run(cmd, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\vince\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\subprocess.py", line 501, in run
with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
File "C:\Users\vince\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\subprocess.py", line 966, in __init__
self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
File "C:\Users\vince\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\subprocess.py", line 1435, in _execute_child
hp, ht, pid, tid = _winapi.CreateProcess(executable, args,
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\vince\graph2.py", line 17, in <module>
dot.render('data_science_flowchart', view=True)
File "C:\Users\vince\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\graphviz\_tools.py", line 171, in wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\vince\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\graphviz\rendering.py", line 122, in render
rendered = self._render(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\vince\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\graphviz\_tools.py", line 171, in wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\vince\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\graphviz\backend\rendering.py", line 324, in render
execute.run_check(cmd,
File "C:\Users\vince\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\graphviz\backend\execute.py", line 84, in run_check
raise ExecutableNotFound(cmd) from e
graphviz.backend.execute.ExecutableNotFound: failed to execute WindowsPath('dot'), make sure the Graphviz executables are on your systems' PATH
Related
Running into trouble here making a simple plot with Cartopy. Well, the issue suddenly arose out of a more complicated plot, but it comes down to simply having Cartopy ingest a shapefile of state boundaries.
Quick code snapshot:
#!/home/fewx/anaconda3/bin/python3.8
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import xarray as xr
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature
from cartopy.io.shapereader import Reader
from cartopy.feature import ShapelyFeature
import cartopy
import geopandas as gpd
import matplotlib.ticker as mticker
from cartopy.mpl.gridliner import LONGITUDE_FORMATTER, LATITUDE_FORMATTER
ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.PlateCarree())
ax.set_extent([235., 290., 20., 55.])
ax.add_feature(cfeature.COASTLINE.with_scale('110m'), linewidth=0.5)
ax.add_feature(cfeature.STATES.with_scale('110m'), linewidth=0.5)
##Print default location of needed natural earth datasets
path = cartopy.config['data_dir']
print(path)
# Display the plot
#plt.show()
plt.savefig('cartopy_test.png')
The coastline shapefile plots perfectly fine, but I fail when trying to access the necessary state shapefile, 'ne_110m_admin_1_states_provinces_lakes.shp', with the error:
ERROR:fiona._env:`/home/fewx/.local/share/cartopy/shapefiles/natural_earth/cultural/ne_110m_admin_1_states_provinces_lakes.shp' not recognized as a supported file format.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "fiona/_shim.pyx", line 83, in fiona._shim.gdal_open_vector
File "fiona/_err.pyx", line 291, in fiona._err.exc_wrap_pointer
fiona._err.CPLE_OpenFailedError: '/home/fewx/.local/share/cartopy/shapefiles/natural_earth/cultural/ne_110m_admin_1_states_provinces_lakes.shp' not recognized as a supported file format.
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./plot_cartopy_contourf.py", line 35, in <module>
plt.savefig('cartopy_test.png')
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 859, in savefig
res = fig.savefig(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 2311, in savefig
self.canvas.print_figure(fname, **kwargs)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_qt5agg.py", line 81, in print_figure
super().print_figure(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 2210, in print_figure
result = print_method(
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 1639, in wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 509, in print_png
FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 407, in draw
self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 41, in draw_wrapper
return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1863, in draw
mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py", line 131, in _draw_list_compositing_images
a.draw(renderer)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 41, in draw_wrapper
return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cartopy/mpl/geoaxes.py", line 479, in draw
return matplotlib.axes.Axes.draw(self, renderer=renderer, **kwargs)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 41, in draw_wrapper
return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/cbook/deprecation.py", line 411, in wrapper
return func(*inner_args, **inner_kwargs)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 2747, in draw
mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, self, artists)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py", line 131, in _draw_list_compositing_images
a.draw(renderer)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 41, in draw_wrapper
return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cartopy/mpl/feature_artist.py", line 155, in draw
geoms = self._feature.intersecting_geometries(extent)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cartopy/feature/__init__.py", line 302, in intersecting_geometries
return super(NaturalEarthFeature, self).intersecting_geometries(extent)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cartopy/feature/__init__.py", line 110, in intersecting_geometries
return (geom for geom in self.geometries() if
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cartopy/feature/__init__.py", line 287, in geometries
geometries = tuple(shapereader.Reader(path).geometries())
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cartopy/io/shapereader.py", line 197, in __init__
with fiona.open(filename) as f:
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/fiona/env.py", line 417, in wrapper
return f(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/fiona/__init__.py", line 256, in open
c = Collection(path, mode, driver=driver, encoding=encoding,
File "/home/fewx/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/fiona/collection.py", line 162, in __init__
self.session.start(self, **kwargs)
File "fiona/ogrext.pyx", line 540, in fiona.ogrext.Session.start
File "fiona/_shim.pyx", line 90, in fiona._shim.gdal_open_vector
fiona.errors.DriverError: '/home/fewx/.local/share/cartopy/shapefiles/natural_earth/cultural/ne_110m_admin_1_states_provinces_lakes.shp' not recognized as a supported file format.
Note that the parent zip file for 'ne_110m_admin_1_states_provinces_lakes.shp' does not exist in the corresponding directly, mainly because NACISCDN is down (again), and I needed to pull the files from github.
Any ideas what would cause this? I'm a bit a newbie here...and this test code is running on a brand new conda-based installation of python that was built over the past week. Do I have incompatible versions of libraries (e.g. PROJ, GDAL, etc)? This error has seem to come out of nowhere with this newer installation.
Thanks for you help!
UPDATE::
I had success plotting states, but I needed to physically plot the 'ne_110m_admin_1_states_provinces_shp.shp' file that came in the cartopy_offlinedata package via Conda. This required creating a new, independent feature via cfeat.NaturalEarthFeature(), and specifying which shapefile to use:
states_provinces = cfeat.NaturalEarthFeature(
category='cultural',
name='admin_1_states_provinces_shp',
scale='110m',
facecolor='none')
ax.add_feature(states_provinces, edgecolor='black')
This makes me think I have corrupted shapefiles that I was trying to plot, causing the failure...but I won't know for sure until I can pull the full package down from NACISCDN--which is still down.
I am trying to preprocess large amounts of WSQ images for model training using both the Pillow and wsq libraries. To speed up my code, I am trying to use Parallel but this causes an UnidentifiedImageError.
I verified that the files are there where they should be, and that the function runs without errors when used in a regular for-loop. Other files (eg csv files) can be opened inside the function without errors, so I presume that the error lies with the combination of Parallel and Pillow/wsq. All libraries are up to date. As I am just starting out with Pillow and multiprocessing, I have no idea yet on how to fix this and any help would be highly appreciated.
Code:
from joblib import Parallel, delayed
from PIL import Image
import multiprocessing
import wsq
import numpy as np
def process_image(i):
path = "/home/user/project/wsq/image_"+str(i)+".wsq"
img = np.array(Image.open(path))
#some preprocessing, saving as npz
output_path = "/home/user/project/npz/image_"+str(i)+".npz"
np.savez_compressed(output_path, img)
return None
inputs = range(100000)
num_cores = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
Parallel(n_jobs=num_cores)(delayed(process_image)(i) for i in inputs)
Output:
joblib.externals.loky.process_executor._RemoteTraceback:
"""
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/joblib/externals/loky/process_executor.py", line 431, in _process_worker
r = call_item()
File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/joblib/externals/loky/process_executor.py", line 285, in __call__
return self.fn(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/joblib/_parallel_backends.py", line 595, in __call__
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/joblib/parallel.py", line 262, in __call__
return [func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/joblib/parallel.py", line 262, in <listcomp>
return [func(*args, **kwargs)
File "preprocess_images.py", line 9, in process_image
img = np.array(Image.open(path))
File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/PIL/Image.py", line 2967, in open
raise UnidentifiedImageError(
PIL.UnidentifiedImageError: cannot identify image file '/home/user/project/wsq/image_1.wsq'
"""
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "preprocess_images.py", line 18, in <module>
Parallel(n_jobs=num_cores)(delayed(process_image)(i) for i in inputs)
File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/joblib/parallel.py", line 1054, in __call__
self.retrieve()
File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/joblib/parallel.py", line 933, in retrieve
self._output.extend(job.get(timeout=self.timeout))
File "/home/user/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/joblib/_parallel_backends.py", line 542, in wrap_future_result
return future.result(timeout=timeout)
File "/usr/lib/python3.8/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 439, in result
return self.__get_result()
File "/usr/lib/python3.8/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 388, in __get_result
raise self._exception
PIL.UnidentifiedImageError: cannot identify image file '/home/user/project/wsq/image_1.wsq'
I have just installed pyglet on my machine. But I can't seem to create a window
here's what I tried
import pyglet
window = pyglet.window.Window()
pyglet.app.run()
and it gives me this error when I run
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:/Users/Public/Documents/vscode/python/Games/Pyglet/main.py", line 3, in <module>
window = pyglet.window.Window()
File "C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python38\site-packages\pyglet\window\win32\__init__.py", line 132, in __init__
super(Win32Window, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python38\site-packages\pyglet\window\__init__.py", line 648, in __init__
self._create()
File "C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python38\site-packages\pyglet\window\win32\__init__.py", line 274, in _create
self.context.attach(self.canvas)
File "C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python38\site-packages\pyglet\gl\win32.py", line 238, in attach
raise gl.ContextException('Unable to share contexts.')
pyglet.gl.ContextException: Unable to share contexts.
Can someone help me with this error message. I am using MatPlotLib to graph something, but I get the following error message when I call the function to graph it. Tkinter Error Message
Use one of following commands are :: --
'UPLOAD' to upload a file
'DOWNLOAD' to download a file
'DELETE' to delete a file
'DIR' to view the current directories
DOWNLOAD
enter the name of the file to download!!!
break.txt
file opened
file close()
time: start = 0 end = 1587306325.2672875
time: transfer_time = 1587306325267.287
file downloaded and graph is shown below!!
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "file_client.py", line 117, in <module>
plot_graph(result)
File "file_client.py", line 81, in plot_graph
plt.scatter(list(time_dict.keys()), list(time_dict.values()))
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 3364, in scatter
ax = gca()
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 962, in gca
return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 592, in gcf
return figure()
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 539, in figure
**kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 171, in new_figure_ manager
return cls.new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, fig)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 1049, in n ew_figure_manager_given_figure
window = Tk.Tk(className="matplotlib")
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/tkinter/__init__.py", line 2023, in __init__
self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useT k, sync, use)
_tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
I am struggling to setup pymunk on my Ubuntu 16.04. I am using virtualenv, I have Python 3.5.2, pymunk 5.3.0 and cffi 1.11.0 installed.
I tried a very simple code first; basically, I created an empty Space and called step on it and everything worked smoothly. However, when I try to visualize it and create DrawOptions instance, I get strange errors, which I can't decipher. Also, I tried matplotlib_util and pygame_util, but both failed to create DrawOptions.
This is the code snippet I used:
import pymunk
import pyglet
import pymunk.pyglet_util
s = pymunk.Space()
options = pymunk.pyglet_util.DrawOptions()
s.debug_draw(options)
# s.step(0.02)
This is the output I get:
Loading chipmunk for Linux (64bit) [/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pymunk/libchipmunk.so]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cffi-1.11.0-py3.5-linux-x86_64.egg/cffi/api.py", line 167, in _typeof
result = self._parsed_types[cdecl]
KeyError: 'typedef void (*cpSpaceDebugDrawCircleImpl)(cpVect pos, cpFloat angle, cpFloat radius, cpSpaceDebugColor outlineColor, cpSpaceDebugColor fillColor, cpDataPointer data)'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cffi-1.11.0-py3.5-linux-x86_64.egg/cffi/cparser.py", line 276, in _parse
ast = _get_parser().parse(fullcsource)
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pycparser/c_parser.py", line 152, in parse
debug=debuglevel)
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pycparser/ply/yacc.py", line 331, in parse
return self.parseopt_notrack(input, lexer, debug, tracking, tokenfunc)
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pycparser/ply/yacc.py", line 1199, in parseopt_notrack
tok = call_errorfunc(self.errorfunc, errtoken, self)
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pycparser/ply/yacc.py", line 193, in call_errorfunc
r = errorfunc(token)
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pycparser/c_parser.py", line 1761, in p_error
column=self.clex.find_tok_column(p)))
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pycparser/plyparser.py", line 66, in _parse_error
raise ParseError("%s: %s" % (coord, msg))
pycparser.plyparser.ParseError: <cdef source string>:2:16: before: cpSpaceDebugDrawCircleImpl
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "pmtest2.py", line 5, in <module>
options = pymunk.pyglet_util.DrawOptions()
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pymunk/pyglet_util.py", line 89, in __init__
super(DrawOptions, self).__init__()
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pymunk/space_debug_draw_options.py", line 51, in __init__
#ffi.callback("typedef void (*cpSpaceDebugDrawCircleImpl)"
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cffi-1.11.0-py3.5-linux-x86_64.egg/cffi/api.py", line 375, in callback
cdecl = self._typeof(cdecl, consider_function_as_funcptr=True)
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cffi-1.11.0-py3.5-linux-x86_64.egg/cffi/api.py", line 170, in _typeof
result = self._typeof_locked(cdecl)
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cffi-1.11.0-py3.5-linux-x86_64.egg/cffi/api.py", line 155, in _typeof_locked
type = self._parser.parse_type(cdecl)
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cffi-1.11.0-py3.5-linux-x86_64.egg/cffi/cparser.py", line 476, in parse_type
return self.parse_type_and_quals(cdecl)[0]
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cffi-1.11.0-py3.5-linux-x86_64.egg/cffi/cparser.py", line 479, in parse_type_and_quals
ast, macros = self._parse('void __dummy(\n%s\n);' % cdecl)[:2]
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cffi-1.11.0-py3.5-linux-x86_64.egg/cffi/cparser.py", line 278, in _parse
self.convert_pycparser_error(e, csource)
File "/home/wm/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cffi-1.11.0-py3.5-linux-x86_64.egg/cffi/cparser.py", line 307, in convert_pycparser_error
raise CDefError(msg)
cffi.error.CDefError: cannot parse "typedef void (*cpSpaceDebugDrawCircleImpl)(cpVect pos, cpFloat angle, cpFloat radius, cpSpaceDebugColor outlineColor, cpSpaceDebugColor fillColor, cpDataPointer data)"
<cdef source string>:2:16: before: cpSpaceDebugDrawCircleImpl
What do you think is causing that? Is that the python version I use, or maybe cffi compilation is faulty?
This error happens because there was a new version of pycparser (which is used by cffi) released, and that version breaks pymunk 5.3.0 and earlier versions. Yesterday I made a new release of Pymunk, 5.3.1 with a workaround for the problem. If you try to update your Pymunk version to 5.3.1 it should work.