Sed and grep in multiple files - linux

Question

I want to use "sed" and "grep" to search and replace in multiples files, excluding some directories.
I run this command:
$ grep -RnI --exclude-dir={node_modules,install,build} 'chaine1' /projets/ | sed -i 's/chaine1/chaine2/'
I get this message:
sed: pas de fichier d'entrée
I also tried with these two commands:
$ grep -RnI --exclude-dir={node_modules,install,build} 'chaine1' . | xargs -0 sed -i 's/chaine2/chaine2/'
$ grep -RnI --exclude-dir={node_modules,install,build} 'chaine2' . -exec sed -i 's/chaine1/chaine2/g' {} \;
But,it doesn't work!!
Could you help me please?
Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

You want find with -exec. Don't bother running grep, sed will only change lines containing your pattern anyway.
find \( -name node_modules -o -name install -o -name build \) -prune \
-o -type f -exec sed -i 's/chaine1/chaine2/' {} +

Answer 2

First, the direct outputs of grep command are not file paths. They look like this {file_path}:{line_no}:{content}. So the first thing you need to do is to extract file paths. We can do this use cut command or use -l option of grep.
# This will print {file_path}
$ echo {file_path}:{line_no}:{content} | cut -f 1 -d ":"
# This is a better solution, because it only prints each file once even though
# the grep pattern appears at many lines of a file.
$ grep -RlI --exclude-dir={node_modules,install,build} "chaine1" /projets/
Second, sed -i does not read from stdin. We can use xargs to read each file path from stdin and then pass it to sed as its argument. You have already done this.
The complete command like this:
$ grep -RlI --exclude-dir={node_modules,install,build} "chaine1" /projets/ | xargs -i sed -i 's/chaine1/chaine2/' {}
Edit: Thanks to #EdMorton's comment, I dig into find. My previous solutions will dig into files not in exclusive directories once by grep, and then process files containing pattern string for another time by sed. However, we can first use find to filter files according to their path names, and then use sed to process files only once.
My find solution is almost the same as #knittl's, but with bug fixed. Besides, I try to explain why it gets the similar results with grep. Because I still not find how to skip binary files like -I option of grep.
$ find \( \( -name node_modules -o -name install -o -name build \) -prune -type f \
-o -type f \) -exec echo {} +
or
find \( \( -name node_modules -o -name install -o -name build \) -prune \
-o -type f \) -type f -exec echo {} +
\( -name pat1 -o -name pat2 \) gives paths matching pat1 or pat2 (include files and directories), where -o means logical or. -prune ignores a directory and the files under it. They combine to achieve similar function with exclude-dir in grep.
-type f gives paths of regular files.