Good morning people! I'm starting in the Rust world and would like to ask for help.
In the code below I am simulating sending to a client that has disconnected, the program breaks when I try to send a message to a client that is no longer connected. how to treat so that the program does not break?
the match command doesn't even work
Error: Os { code: 10054, kind: ConnectionReset, message: "Forced cancellation
from an existing connection by the remote host." }
use tokio::net::UdpSocket;
use std::io;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
let sock = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:8080").await?;
let mut buf = [0; 1024];
loop {
let (len, addr) = sock.recv_from(&mut buf).await?;
println!("{:?} bytes received from {:?}", len, addr);
let len = sock.send_to(&buf[..len], addr).await?;
println!("{:?} bytes sent", len);
match sock.send_to(&buf, "127.0.0.1:23451").await
{
Result::Ok(_len) => {
println!("{:?} bytes sent", _len);
}
Result::Err(_) => {
println!("a error")
}
}
}
}
If I don't pass a valid address, I can get the error with match, but passing a valid address from a user that disconnected from the error and I can't get the match
Solution tks Guys!
use std::io;
use tokio::net::UdpSocket;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
let sock = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:8080").await?;
let mut buf = [0; 1024];
loop {
match sock.recv_from(&mut buf).await {
Result::Ok(data) => {
let (len, addr) = data;
println!("{:?} bytes received from {:?}", len, addr);
let len = sock.send_to(&buf[..len], addr).await?;
println!("{:?} bytes sent", len);
}
Result::Err(e) => {
println!("{:?}", e);
}
}
// SEND MESAGE TO USER DISCONECTED
match sock.send_to(&buf, "127.0.0.1:23451").await {
Result::Ok(_len) => {
println!("{:?} bytes sent", _len);
}
Result::Err(_) => {
println!("a error 2")
}
}
}
}
According to this Reddit post, it is possible the error is detected during recv_from that follows the send_to, where error is not handled.
Damnit, it was something simple, as always. So, the send operation obviously causes the error, but it was not emitted until a subsequent call to recv_from(). Thank you!
https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/a2hh6n/cannot_handle_os_error_while_using_udpsocket/
Related
In the following code, I understand why I'm not allowed to do this(I think), but I'm not sure what to do to fix the issue. I'm simply trying to perform an action based upon an incoming message on a UDPSocket. However, by sending the reference to the slice over the channel, I get a problem where the buffer doesn't live long enough. I'm hoping for some suggestions because I don't know enough about Rust to move forward.
fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
thread::spawn(move || loop {
match rx.try_recv() {
Ok(msg) => {
match msg {
"begin" => // run an operation
"end" | _ => // kill the previous operation
}
}
Err = { //Error Handling }
}
}
// start listener
let socket: UdpSocket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:9001")?;
loop {
let mut buffer = [0; 100];
let (length, src_address) = socket.recv_from(&mut buffer)?;
println!("Received message of {} bytes from {}", length, src_address);
let cmd= str::from_utf8(&buffer[0..length]).unwrap(); // <- buffer does not live long enough
println!("Command: {}", cmd);
tx.send(cmd).expect("unable to send message to channel"); // Error goes away if I remove this.
}
}
Generally you should avoid sending non-owned values over a channel since its unlikely that a lifetime would be valid for both the sender and receiver (its possible to do, but you'd have to plan for it).
In this situation, you're trying to share pass &str across the channel but since it just references buffer which isn't guaranteed to exist whenever rx receives it, you get a borrow checking error. You would probably want to convert the &str into an owned String and pass that over the channel:
use std::net::UdpSocket;
use std::sync::mpsc;
fn main() {
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
std::thread::spawn(move || loop {
match rx.recv().as_deref() {
Ok("begin") => { /* run an operation */ }
Ok("end") => { /* kill the previous operation */ }
Ok(_) => { /* unknown */ }
Err(_) => { break; }
}
});
let socket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:9001").unwrap();
loop {
let mut buffer = [0; 100];
let (length, src_address) = socket.recv_from(&mut buffer).unwrap();
let cmd = std::str::from_utf8(&buffer[0..length]).unwrap();
tx.send(cmd.to_owned()).unwrap();
}
}
As proposed in the comments, you can avoid allocating a string if you parse the value into a known value for an enum and send that across the channel instead:
use std::net::UdpSocket;
use std::sync::mpsc;
enum Command {
Begin,
End,
}
fn main() {
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
std::thread::spawn(move || loop {
match rx.recv() {
Ok(Command::Begin) => { /* run an operation */ }
Ok(Command::End) => { /* kill the previous operation */ }
Err(_) => { break; }
}
});
let socket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:9001").unwrap();
loop {
let mut buffer = [0; 100];
let (length, src_address) = socket.recv_from(&mut buffer).unwrap();
let cmd = std::str::from_utf8(&buffer[0..length]).unwrap();
let cmd = match cmd {
"begin" => Command::Begin,
"end" => Command::End,
_ => panic!("unknown command")
};
tx.send(cmd).unwrap();
}
}
I use tokio::net::TcpStream to connect a small TCP server, I write a few bytes and expect to read the response from the server.
When I do that with the nc command, it works perfectly
[denis#docker-1 ~]$ echo "get" | nc 10.0.0.11 9090
[37e64dd7-91db-4c13-9f89-f1c87467ffb3][processed]
and the server logs show
Incoming peer instructions.
Waiting for peer instructions...
Reading bytes...
Got a few bytes [4]
Got a few bytes [[103, 101, 116, 10, 0, ...]]
Reading bytes...
Got a few bytes [0]
Got a few bytes [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,...]]
Writing some data back from peer : [37e64dd7-91db-4c13-9f89-f1c87467ffb3]
But from my Rust client, I can write the bytes but as soon as I want to read the data from the server, everything is locked (even the write action)
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::ops::DerefMut;
use tokio::io;
use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};
use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
use uuid::Uuid;
use std::sync::RwLock;
use lazy_static::*;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
let data = "set".to_string();
let mut stream = TcpStream::connect("10.0.0.11:9090").await.unwrap();
let ( mut read, mut write) = tokio::io::split(stream);
let u2 = data.as_bytes();
write.write_all(u2).await.unwrap();
let mut msg : [u8;1024] = [0;1024];
let _response_size = read.read(&mut msg).await.unwrap();
println!("GOT = {:?}", msg);
}
When looking at the server logs (see below), it reads the 3 bytes sent by the client, but then it is not able to read further, waiting to detect there is 0 byte left to read.
Incoming peer instructions.
Waiting for peer instructions...
Reading bytes...
Got a few bytes [3]
Got a few bytes [[115, 101, 116, 0, 0, ...]]
Reading bytes...
Here is the server code
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::ops::DerefMut;
use tokio::io;
use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};
use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
use uuid::Uuid;
use std::sync::RwLock;
use lazy_static::*;
struct DataPool {
data : [u8;1024],
size : usize,
}
async fn whirl_socket( socket : &mut TcpStream ) -> Vec<DataPool> {
let mut pool: Vec<DataPool> = vec![];
let mut buf = [0; 1024];
// In a loop, read data from the socket until finished
loop {
println!("Reading bytes...");
buf = [0; 1024];
let n = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {
Ok(n) => n,
Err(e) => {
eprintln!("failed to read from socket; err = {:?}", e);
break;
}
};
println!("Got a few bytes [{}]", n);
println!("Got a few bytes [{:?}]", &buf);
pool.push(DataPool {
data: buf,
size: n,
});
if n == 0 {
break;
}
}
pool
}
async fn launch_server_listener() -> io::Result<()> {
println!("Listen to 9090...");
let listener = TcpListener::bind("10.0.0.11:9090").await?;
loop {
println!("Waiting for peer instructions...");
let (mut socket, _) = listener.accept().await?;
println!("Incoming peer instructions.");
tokio::spawn(async move {
let mut pool= whirl_socket(&mut socket).await;
let my_uuid = Uuid::new_v4();
// Write the data back
println!("Writing some data back from peer : [{}]", my_uuid);
let s = format!( "[{}][processed]\n", my_uuid.to_string());
let u = s.as_bytes();
if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(u).await {
eprintln!("failed to write to socket; err = {:?}", e);
return;
}
});
}
}
async fn start_servers() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let _r = tokio::join!(launch_server_listener());
Ok(())
}
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
start_servers().await?;
Ok(())
}
A read of 0 bytes means the read stream has closed. So in your client code you need to close the write stream. You can do this with .shutdown() from the AsyncWriteExt trait:
write.write_all(u2).await.unwrap();
write.shutdown().await.unwrap();
I have four modules. The client is sending messages and the server is receiving messages. Once the server receives the message, it tries to send the message to the MPSC channel. I put the receiver in the other .rs file where I intend to receive the message.
I am not getting any message on the receiver side.
Maybe an infinite loop on the server side creates a problem, but is there a way to make this channel communication working?
client.rs
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::os::unix::net::UnixDatagram;
use std::path::Path;
use std::sync::mpsc;
pub fn tcp_datagram_client() {
pub static FILE_PATH: &'static str = "/tmp/datagram.sock";
let socket = UnixDatagram::unbound().unwrap();
match socket.connect(FILE_PATH) {
Ok(socket) => socket,
Err(e) => {
println!("Couldn't connect: {:?}", e);
return;
}
};
println!("TCP client Connected to TCP Server {:?}", socket);
loop {
socket
.send(b"Hello from client to server")
.expect("recv function failed");
}
}
fn main() {
tcp_datagram_client();
}
server.rs
use std::os::unix::net::UnixDatagram;
use std::path::Path;
use std::str::from_utf8;
use std::sync::mpsc::Sender;
fn unlink_socket(path: impl AsRef<Path>) {
let path = path.as_ref();
if path.exists() {
if let Err(e) = std::fs::remove_file(path) {
eprintln!("Couldn't remove the file: {:?}", e);
}
}
}
static FILE_PATH: &'static str = "/tmp/datagram.sock";
pub fn tcp_datagram_server(tx: Sender<String>) {
unlink_socket(FILE_PATH);
let socket = match UnixDatagram::bind(FILE_PATH) {
Ok(socket) => socket,
Err(e) => {
eprintln!("Couldn't bind: {:?}", e);
return;
}
};
let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];
println!("Waiting for client to connect...");
loop {
let received_bytes = socket.recv(&mut buf).expect("recv function failed");
println!("Received {:?}", received_bytes);
let received_message = from_utf8(&buf).expect("utf-8 convert failed");
tx.send(received_message.to_string());
}
}
message_receiver.rs
use crate::server;
use std::sync::mpsc;
pub fn handle_messages() {
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
server::tcp_datagram_server(tx);
let message_from_tcp_server = rx.recv().unwrap();
println!("{:?}", message_from_tcp_server);
}
main.rs
mod server;
mod message_receiver;
fn main() {
message_receiver::handle_messages();
}
Once the TCP client is connected:
TCP client Connected to TCP Server UnixDatagram { fd: 3, local: (unnamed), peer: "/tmp/datagram.sock" (pathname) }
I receive no messages on the channel receiver end:
Waiting for client to connect...
Maybe an infinite loop on the server side creates a problem
Yes, quite literally, your server code does an infinite loop to handle continuously messages from the client(s). So the call to tcp_datagram_server never returns.
but is there a way to make this channel communication working?
Of course, it seems you are simply missing a second thread for your message_receiver. Wrapping your tcp_datagram_server(tx) in std::thread::spawn should do it. You could also add a loop to keep processing requests to match the one in tcp_datagram_server:
pub fn handle_messages() {
let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
std::thread::spawn(|| tcp_datagram_server(tx));
loop {
let message_from_tcp_server = rx.recv().unwrap();
println!("{}", message_from_tcp_server);
}
}
I'm using this method as part of a WebSocket client implementation to read data from a serial port and send it to the server. I had to wrap the port in Arc<Mutex<_>> because I needed to share it with other methods in order to write to the serial port upon receiving a WebSocket message.
I'm using a 128 byte u8 buffer to store the data; is there any way to make the buffer dynamically-sized? Wrapping in Arc<Mutex<_>> is a must.
extern crate env_logger;
extern crate ws;
use std::thread;
use ws::{listen, CloseCode, Handler, Handshake, Message, Result, Sender};
fn on_open(&mut self, _: Handshake) -> Result<(), ws::Error> {
let port_handle: Arc<Mutex<SystemPort>> = self.port_handle.clone();
let out: Sender = self.out.clone();
thread::spawn(move || {
// read_from_serial(&mut port);
let mut buffer = [0u8; 128];
let mut msg: String;
loop {
let read_result: Result<usize, std::io::Error>;
{
read_result = port_handle
.lock()
.expect("Access port handle")
.read(&mut buffer);
}
if read_result.is_ok() {
msg = buffer_to_string(&buffer);
buffer = [0u8; 128];
println!("Client sending message: '{}'", msg);
out.send(msg).expect("Forward COM message to server");
}
}
});
Ok(())
}
Edit: This is the same code using read_to_string instead of read. The string length is completely dynamic, but the only problem is that read_result is always Err(Custom { kind: TimedOut, error: StringError("Operation timed out") }) here. As a temporary fix, I decided to leave the Result unused and used msg.len() > 0 to test for a new serial message.
extern crate env_logger;
extern crate ws;
use std::thread;
use ws::{listen, CloseCode, Handler, Handshake, Message, Result, Sender};
fn on_open(&mut self, _: Handshake) -> Result<(), ws::Error> {
let port_handle = self.port_handle.clone();
let out = self.out.clone();
thread::spawn(move || {
// read_from_serial(&mut port);
let mut buffer = String::new();
let mut msg;
loop {
{
port_handle
.lock()
.expect("Access port handle")
.read_to_string(&mut buffer);
msg = format!("{}", buffer);
}
if msg.len() > 0 {
buffer.clear();
println!("Client sending message: '{}'", msg);
out.send(msg).expect("Forward COM message to server");
}
}
});
Ok(())
}
Edit: Ive included the following minimal example and removed all other unnecessary code.
extern crate env_logger;
extern crate serial;
use serial::prelude::*;
use std::io::Read;
use std::thread;
use std::time::Duration;
fn main() {
let client = thread::spawn(move || {
// setting up serial port
let mut port = serial::open("/dev/tnt0").expect("Open serial port");
let new_timeout = Duration::from_millis(1000);
port.set_timeout(new_timeout).expect("Set port timeout");
// setting up buffer
let mut buffer = String::new();
// looping to continuously read serial data
loop {
// unused Result returned by read_to_string
// because when used, it always is an Err variant
// `Custom { kind: TimedOut, error: StringError("Operation timed out") }`
port.read_to_string(&mut buffer);
// using string length to test for valid data instead of using Ok/Err
if buffer.len() > 0 {
println!("Client sending message: '{}'", buffer);
// clearing buffer for next iteration
buffer.clear();
}
}
});
// Wait for the worker threads to finish what they are doing
let _ = client.join();
println!("All done.")
}
I modified an existing websocket client to save the message payload from the websocket server:
fn main()
{
let mut globaltest = "";
// ...some othercode
let receive_loop = thread::spawn(move || {
// Receive loop
for message in receiver.incoming_messages() {
let message: Message = match message {
Ok(m) => m,
Err(e) => {
println!("Receive Loop: {:?}", e);
let _ = tx_1.send(Message::close());
return;
}
};
match message.opcode {
Type::Close => {
// Got a close message, so send a close message and return
let _ = tx_1.send(Message::close());
return;
}
Type::Ping => match tx_1.send(Message::pong(message.payload)) {
// Send a pong in response
Ok(()) => (),
Err(e) => {
println!("Receive Loop: {:?}", e);
return;
}
},
// Say what we received
_ => {
println!("Receive Loop: {:?}", message);
// recive from motion
let buf = &message.payload;
{
let s = match str::from_utf8(buf) {
Ok(v) => v,
Err(e) => panic!("Invalid UTF-8 sequence: {}", e),
};
println!("{}",s);
////>>> problem here <<<
globaltest = s;
}
},
}
}
});
// ...some othercode
}
When I build, I get an error message:
nathaniel#nathaniel-virtual-machine:~/rustcoderep/rsdummywsclient$ sudo cargo build
Compiling rsdummywsclient v0.1.0 (file:///home/nathaniel/rustcoderep/rsdummywsclient)
src/main.rs:94:36: 94:51 error: `message.payload` does not live long enough
src/main.rs:94 let buf = &message.payload;
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
note: reference must be valid for the static lifetime...
src/main.rs:75:6: 106:4 note: ...but borrowed value is only valid for the block suffix following statement 0 at 75:5
src/main.rs:75 };
src/main.rs:76 match message.opcode {
src/main.rs:77 Type::Close => {
src/main.rs:78 // Got a close message, so send a close message and return
src/main.rs:79 let _ = tx_1.send(Message::close());
src/main.rs:80 return;
...
error: aborting due to previous error
I have no idea why. I tried a lot of solutions like Arc and Mutex, but none of them work :(
When I remove globaltest = s, the code builds and runs without problems. So I tried to write a simpler example:
use std::str;
use std::thread;
fn main() {
let mut y = 2;
let receive_loop = thread::spawn(move || {
let x = 1;
y = x;
println!("tt{:?}",y);
});
let receive_loop2 = thread::spawn(move || {
println!("tt2{:?}",y);
});
println!("{:?}",y);
}
This works... with almost the same structure.
Here is the full code, only a little different from the rust-websocket client sample:
extern crate websocket;
fn main() {
use std::thread;
use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
use std::io::stdin;
use std::str;
use websocket::{Message, Sender, Receiver};
use websocket::message::Type;
use websocket::client::request::Url;
use websocket::Client;
let mut globaltest ="";
let url = Url::parse("ws://127.0.0.1:2794").unwrap();
println!("Connecting to {}", url);
let request = Client::connect(url).unwrap();
let response = request.send().unwrap(); // Send the request and retrieve a response
println!("Validating response...");
response.validate().unwrap(); // Validate the response
println!("Successfully connected");
let (mut sender, mut receiver) = response.begin().split();
let (tx, rx) = channel();
let tx_1 = tx.clone();
let send_loop = thread::spawn(move || {
loop {
// Send loop
let message: Message = match rx.recv() {
Ok(m) => m,
Err(e) => {
println!("Send Loop: {:?}", e);
return;
}
};
match message.opcode {
Type::Close => {
let _ = sender.send_message(&message);
// If it's a close message, just send it and then return.
return;
},
_ => (),
}
// Send the message
match sender.send_message(&message) {
Ok(()) => (),
Err(e) => {
println!("Send Loop: {:?}", e);
let _ = sender.send_message(&Message::close());
return;
}
}
}
});
let receive_loop = thread::spawn(move || {
// Receive loop
for message in receiver.incoming_messages() {
let message: Message = match message {
Ok(m) => m,
Err(e) => {
println!("Receive Loop: {:?}", e);
let _ = tx_1.send(Message::close());
return;
}
};
match message.opcode {
Type::Close => {
// Got a close message, so send a close message and return
let _ = tx_1.send(Message::close());
return;
}
Type::Ping => match tx_1.send(Message::pong(message.payload)) {
// Send a pong in response
Ok(()) => (),
Err(e) => {
println!("Receive Loop: {:?}", e);
return;
}
},
// Say what we received
_ => {
println!("Receive Loop: {:?}", message);
// recive from motion
let buf = &message.payload;
{
let s = match str::from_utf8(buf) {
Ok(v) => v,
Err(e) => panic!("Invalid UTF-8 sequence: {}", e),
};
println!("{}",s);
globaltest = s;
}
},
}
}
});
loop {
let mut input = String::new();
stdin().read_line(&mut input).unwrap();
let trimmed = input.trim();
let message = match trimmed {
"/close" => {
// Close the connection
let _ = tx.send(Message::close());
break;
}
// Send a ping
"/ping" => Message::ping(b"PING".to_vec()),
// Otherwise, just send text
_ => Message::text(trimmed.to_string()),
};
match tx.send(message) {
Ok(()) => (),
Err(e) => {
println!("Main Loop: {:?}", e);
break;
}
}
}
// We're exiting
println!("Waiting for child threads to exit");
let _ = send_loop.join();
let _ = receive_loop.join();
println!("Exited");
}
#fjh thanks your reply!
I modified my code into this, changing globaltest in receive_loop and accessing it from the main thread loop. I still get a confusing error, even after spending three hours I still cannot solve it :(
fn main() {
let mut globaltest:Arc<Mutex<String>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(String::from("")));
//some other code...
let receive_loop = thread::spawn(move || {
// Receive loop
for message in receiver.incoming_messages() {
let message: Message = match message {
Ok(m) => m,
Err(e) => {
println!("Receive Loop: {:?}", e);
let _ = tx_1.send(Message::close());
return;
}
};
match message.opcode {
Type::Close => {
// Got a close message, so send a close message and return
let _ = tx_1.send(Message::close());
return;
}
Type::Ping => match tx_1.send(Message::pong(message.payload)) {
// Send a pong in response
Ok(()) => (),
Err(e) => {
println!("Receive Loop: {:?}", e);
return;
}
},
// Say what we received
_ => {
let mut globaltest_child = globaltest.lock().unwrap();
println!("Receive Loop: {:?}", message);
// recive from motion
let buf = &message.payload;
{
let s = match str::from_utf8(buf) {
Ok(v) => v,
Err(e) => panic!("Invalid UTF-8 sequence: {}", e),
};
{
//>>> if I do like this, globaltest value will same like globaltest_child??
*globaltest_child = String::from(s);
println!("{:?}",globaltest_child.clone());
}
}
},
}
}
});
loop {
let message = Message::text("mtconnect");
match tx.send(message) {
Ok(()) => (),
Err(e) => {
println!("Main Loop: {:?}", e);
break;
}
}
///>>> problem here////
println!("{:?}",globaltest.clone());
thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(3000));
}
}
The compiler always tells me:
athaniel#nathaniel-virtual-machine:~/rustcoderep/rsadapter$ sudo cargo run
Compiling rsadapter v0.1.0 (file:///home/nathaniel/rustcoderep/rsadapter)
src/main.rs:166:25: 166:35 error: use of moved value: `globaltest` [E0382]
src/main.rs:166 println!("{:?}",globaltest.clone());
^~~~~~~~~~
<std macros>:2:25: 2:56 note: in this expansion of format_args!
<std macros>:3:1: 3:54 note: in this expansion of print! (defined in <std macros>)
src/main.rs:166:9: 166:45 note: in this expansion of println! (defined in <std macros>)
src/main.rs:166:25: 166:35 help: run `rustc --explain E0382` to see a detailed explanation
src/main.rs:102:35: 153:3 note: `globaltest` moved into closure environment here because it has type `alloc::arc::Arc<std::sync::mutex::Mutex<collections::string::String>>`, which is non-copyable
src/main.rs:102 let receive_loop = thread::spawn(move || {
src/main.rs:103
src/main.rs:104
src/main.rs:105 // Receive loop
src/main.rs:106 for message in receiver.incoming_messages() {
src/main.rs:107 let message: Message = match message {
...
src/main.rs:102:35: 153:3 help: perhaps you meant to use `clone()`?
error: aborting due to previous error
I still can't access globaltest in another thread.
When I remove globaltest = s, the code builds and runs without problems.
Yes, because that assignment is not safe to do. You're trying to modify a local variable declared in the main thread from within your other thread. That could lead to all sorts of problems, like data races, which is why the compiler won't let you do it.
It's difficult to say what the best way to fix this is without knowing more about what you want to do. That being said, you could probably fix this by making globaltest an Arc<Mutex<String>> instead of a &str, so you could safely access it from both threads.
Whenever you have a problem, you should spend time reducing the problem. This helps you understand where the problem is and is likely to remove extraneous details that may be confusing you.
In this case, you could start by removing all of the other match arms, replacing them with panic! calls. Then try replacing libraries with your own code, then eventually just standard library code. Eventually you will get to something much smaller that reproduces the problem.
This is called creating an MCVE, and is highly encouraged when you ask a question on Stack Overflow. However, it's 100% useful to yourself whenever you have a problem you don't yet understand. As a professional programmer, you are expected to do this legwork.
Here's one possible MCVE I was able to create:
use std::{str, thread};
fn main() {
let mut global_string = "one";
let child = thread::spawn(move || {
let payload = b"Some allocated raw data".to_vec();
let s = str::from_utf8(&payload).unwrap();
global_string = s;
});
println!("{}", global_string);
}
And it produces the same error ("reference must be valid for the static lifetime"). Specifically, the global_string variable is a &'static str, while s is a &str with a lifetime equivalent to the payload it is borrowed from. Simply put, the payload will be deallocated before the thread exits, which means that the string would point to invalid memory, which could cause a crash or security vulnerability. This is a class of errors that Rust prevents against.
This is what fjh is telling you.
Instead, you need to be able to ensure that the string will continue to live outside of the thread. The simplest way is to allocate memory that it will control. In Rust, this is a String:
use std::{str, thread};
fn main() {
let mut global_string = "one".to_string();
let child = thread::spawn(move || {
let payload = b"Some allocated raw data".to_vec();
let s = str::from_utf8(&payload).unwrap();
global_string = s.to_string();
});
println!("{}", global_string);
}
Now we've changed the error to "use of moved value: global_string", because we are transferring ownership of the String from main to the thread. We could try to fix that by cloning the string before we give it to the thread, but then we wouldn't be changing the outer one that we want.
Even if we could set the value in the outer thread, we'd get in trouble because we'd be creating a race condition where two threads are acting in parallel on one piece of data. You have no idea what state the variable is in when you try to access it. That's where a Mutex comes in. It makes it so that multiple threads can safely share access to one piece of data, one at a time.
However, you still have the problem that only one thread can own the Mutex at a time, but you need two threads to own it. That's where Arc comes in. An Arc can be cloned and the clone can be given to another thread. Both Arcs then point to the same value and ensure it is cleaned up when nothing is using it any more.
Note that we have to clone the Arc<Mutex<String>>> before we spawn the thread because we are transferring ownership of it into the thread:
use std::{str, thread};
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
fn main() {
let global_string = Arc::new(Mutex::new("one".to_string()));
let inner = global_string.clone();
let child = thread::spawn(move || {
let payload = b"Some allocated raw data".to_vec();
let s = str::from_utf8(&payload).unwrap();
*inner.lock().unwrap() = s.to_string();
});
child.join().unwrap();
let s = global_string.lock().unwrap();
println!("{}", *s);
}