The docs specify that in order to create a connection a source and dest are required (of type cell_global_label and cell_local_label respectively). For connections between cable cells this works fine because you can place labels on their decor and then use those labels in the cell_global_label, but how do I connect from a spike_source_cell?
Here's what I do for cable cells:
arbor.connection(
arbor.cell_global_label(gid, "soma_spike_detector"),
arbor.cell_local_label("soma_synapse"),
1,
0.1
)
But since I can't create labels on a spike_source_cell it throws the following error:
RuntimeError: Model building error on cell 26: connection endpoint label "soma_spike_detector": label does not exist.
The docs on spike source cells mention:
has one built-in source, which needs to be given a label to be used when forming connections from the cell;
So you can use the label that you gave when constructing spike_source_cells as the label when constructing the cell_global_label:
# When constructing the source cell
arbor.spike_source_cell(
"spike_source",
arbor.explicit_schedule([5, 10, 12])
)
# In the recipe's `connections_on`:
arbor.connection(
arbor.cell_global_label(gid, "spike_source"),
arbor.cell_local_label("soma_synapse"),
1,
0.1
)
I have a dataframe which is of length 177 and I want to calculate and plot the partial auto-correlation function (PACF).
I have the data imported etc and I do:
from statsmodels.tsa.stattools import pacf
ys = pacf(data[key][array].diff(1).dropna(), alpha=0.05, nlags=176, method="ywunbiased")
xs = range(lags+1)
plt.figure()
plt.scatter(xs,ys[0])
plt.grid()
plt.vlines(xs, 0, ys[0])
plt.plot(ys[1])
The method used results in numbers greater than 1 for very long lags (90ish) which is incorrect and I get a RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in sqrtreturn rho, np.sqrt(sigmasq) but since I can't see their source code I don't know what this means.
To be honest, when I search for PACF, all the examples only carry out PACF up to 40 lags or 60 or so and they never have any significant PACF after lag=2 and so I couldn't compare to other examples either.
But when I use:
method="ols"
# or
method="ywmle"
the numbers are corrected. So it must be the algo they use to solve it.
I tried importing inspect and getsource method but its useless it just shows that it uses another package and I can't find that.
If you also know where the problem arises from, I would really appreciate the help.
For your reference, the values for data[key][array] are:
[1131.130005, 1144.939941, 1126.209961, 1107.300049, 1120.680054, 1140.839966, 1101.719971, 1104.23999, 1114.579956, 1130.199951, 1173.819946, 1211.920044, 1181.27002, 1203.599976, 1180.589966, 1156.849976, 1191.5, 1191.329956, 1234.180054, 1220.329956, 1228.810059, 1207.01001, 1249.47998, 1248.290039, 1280.079956, 1280.660034, 1294.869995, 1310.609985, 1270.089966, 1270.199951, 1276.660034, 1303.819946, 1335.849976, 1377.939941, 1400.630005, 1418.300049, 1438.23999, 1406.819946, 1420.859985, 1482.369995, 1530.619995, 1503.349976, 1455.27002, 1473.98999, 1526.75, 1549.380005, 1481.140015, 1468.359985, 1378.550049, 1330.630005, 1322.699951, 1385.589966, 1400.380005, 1280.0, 1267.380005, 1282.829956, 1166.359985, 968.75, 896.23999, 903.25, 825.880005, 735.090027, 797.869995, 872.8099980000001, 919.1400150000001, 919.320007, 987.4799800000001, 1020.6199949999999, 1057.079956, 1036.189941, 1095.630005, 1115.099976, 1073.869995, 1104.48999, 1169.430054, 1186.689941, 1089.410034, 1030.709961, 1101.599976, 1049.329956, 1141.199951, 1183.26001, 1180.550049, 1257.640015, 1286.119995, 1327.219971, 1325.829956, 1363.609985, 1345.199951, 1320.640015, 1292.280029, 1218.890015, 1131.420044, 1253.300049, 1246.959961, 1257.599976, 1312.410034, 1365.680054, 1408.469971, 1397.910034, 1310.329956, 1362.160034, 1379.319946, 1406.579956, 1440.670044, 1412.160034, 1416.180054, 1426.189941, 1498.109985, 1514.680054, 1569.189941, 1597.569946, 1630.73999, 1606.280029, 1685.72998, 1632.969971, 1681.550049, 1756.540039, 1805.810059, 1848.359985, 1782.589966, 1859.449951, 1872.339966, 1883.949951, 1923.569946, 1960.22998, 1930.6700440000002, 2003.369995, 1972.290039, 2018.050049, 2067.560059, 2058.899902, 1994.9899899999998, 2104.5, 2067.889893, 2085.51001, 2107.389893, 2063.110107, 2103.840088, 1972.180054, 1920.030029, 2079.360107, 2080.409912, 2043.939941, 1940.2399899999998, 1932.22998, 2059.73999, 2065.300049, 2096.949951, 2098.860107, 2173.600098, 2170.949951, 2168.27002, 2126.149902, 2198.810059, 2238.830078, 2278.8701170000004, 2363.639893, 2362.719971, 2384.199951, 2411.800049, 2423.409912, 2470.300049, 2471.649902, 2519.360107, 2575.26001, 2584.840088, 2673.610107, 2823.810059, 2713.830078, 2640.8701170000004, 2648.050049, 2705.27002, 2718.3701170000004, 2816.290039, 2901.52002, 2913.97998]
Your time series is pretty clearly not stationary, so that Yule-Walker assumptions are violated.
More generally, PACF is usually appropriate with stationary time series. You might difference your data first, before considering the partial autocorrelations.
I am trying to learn linearK estimates on a small linnet object from the CRC spatstat book (chapter 17) and when I use the linearK function, spatstat throws an error. I have documented the process in the comments in the r code below. The error is as below.
Error in seq.default(from = 0, to = right, length.out = npos + 1L) : 'to' cannot be NA, NaN or infinite
I do not understand how to resolve this. I am following this process:
# I have data of points for each data of the week
# d1 is district 1 of the city.
# I did the step below otherwise it was giving me tbl class
d1_data=lapply(split(d1, d1$openDatefactor),as.data.frame)
# I previously create a linnet and divided it into districts of the city
d1_linnet = districts_linnet[["d1"]]
# I create point pattern for each day
d1_ppp = lapply(d1_data, function(x) as.ppp(x, W=Window(d1_linnet)))
plot(d1_ppp[[1]], which.marks="type")
# I am then converting the point pattern to a point pattern on linear network
d1_lpp <- as.lpp(d1_ppp[[1]], L=d1_linnet, W=Window(d1_linnet))
d1_lpp
Point pattern on linear network
3 points
15 columns of marks: ‘status’, ‘number_of_’, ‘zip’, ‘ward’,
‘police_dis’, ‘community_’, ‘type’, ‘days’, ‘NAME’,
‘DISTRICT’, ‘openDatefactor’, ‘OpenDate’, ‘coseDatefactor’,
‘closeDate’ and ‘instance’
Linear network with 4286 vertices and 6183 lines
Enclosing window: polygonal boundary
enclosing rectangle: [441140.9, 448217.7] x [4640080, 4652557] units
# the errors start from plotting this lpp object
plot(d1_lpp)
"show.all" is not a graphical parameter
Show Traceback
Error in plot.window(...) : need finite 'xlim' values
coords(d1_lpp)
x y seg tp
441649.2 4649853 5426 0.5774863
445716.9 4648692 5250 0.5435492
444724.6 4646320 677 0.9189631
3 rows
And then consequently, I also get error on linearK(d1_lpp)
Error in seq.default(from = 0, to = right, length.out = npos + 1L) : 'to' cannot be NA, NaN or infinite
I feel lpp object has the problem, but I find it hard to interpret the errors and how to resolve them. Could someone please guide me?
Thanks
I can confirm there is a bug in plot.lpp when trying to plot the marked point pattern on the linear network. That will hopefully be fixed soon. You can plot the unmarked point pattern using
plot(unmark(d1_lpp))
I cannot reproduce the problem with linearK. Which version of spatstat are you running? In the development version on my laptop spatstat_1.51-0.073 everything works. There has been changes to this code recently, so it is likely that this will be solved by updating to development version (see https://github.com/spatstat/spatstat).
I want to plot a simplified heatmap that is not so difficult to edit with the scalar vector graphics program I am using (inkscape). The original heatmap as produced below contains lots of rectangles, and I wonder if they could be merged together in the different sectors to simplify the output pdf file:
nentries=100000
ci=rainbow(nentries)
set.seed=1
mean=10
## Generate some data (4 factors)
i = data.frame(
a=round(abs(rnorm(nentries,mean-2))),
b=round(abs(rnorm(nentries,mean-1))),
c=round(abs(rnorm(nentries,mean+1))),
d=round(abs(rnorm(nentries,mean+2)))
)
minvalue = 10
# Discretise values to 1 or 0
m0 = matrix(as.numeric(i>minvalue),nrow=nrow(i))
# Remove rows with all zeros
m = m0[rowSums(m0)>0,]
# Reorder with 1,1,1,1 on top
ms =m[order(as.vector(m %*% matrix(2^((ncol(m)-1):0),ncol=1)), decreasing=TRUE),]
rowci = rainbow(nrow(ms))
colci = rainbow(ncol(ms))
colnames(ms)=LETTERS[1:4]
limits=c(which(!duplicated(ms)),nrow(ms))
l=length(limits)
toname=round((limits[-l]+ limits[-1])/2)
freq=(limits[-1]-limits[-l])/nrow(ms)
rn=rep("", nrow(ms))
for(i in toname) rn[i]=paste(colnames(ms)[which(ms[i,]==1)],collapse="")
rn[toname]=paste(rn[toname], ": ", sprintf( "%.5f", freq ), "%")
heatmap(ms,
Rowv=NA,
labRow=rn,
keep.dendro = FALSE,
col=c("black","red"),
RowSideColors=rowci,
ColSideColors=colci,
)
dev.copy2pdf(file="/tmp/file.pdf")
Why don't you try RSvgDevice? Using it you could save your image as svg file, which is much convenient to Inkscape than pdf
I use the Cairo package for producing svg. It's incredibly easy. Here is a much simpler plot than the one you have in your example:
require(Cairo)
CairoSVG(file = "tmp.svg", width = 6, height = 6)
plot(1:10)
dev.off()
Upon opening in Inkscape, you can ungroup the elements and edit as you like.
Example (point moved, swirl added):
I don't think we (the internet) are being clear enough on this one.
Let me just start off with a successful export example
png("heatmap.png") #Ruby dev's think of this as kind of like opening a `File.open("asdfsd") do |f|` block
heatmap(sample_matrix, Rowv=NA, Colv=NA, col=terrain.colors(256), scale="column", margins=c(5,10))
dev.off()
The dev.off() bit, in my mind, reminds me of an end call to a ruby block or method, in that, the last line of the "nested" or enclosed (between png() and dev.off()) code's output is what gets dumped into the png file.
For example, if you ran this code:
png("heatmap4.png")
heatmap(sample_matrix, Rowv=NA, Colv=NA, col=terrain.colors(32), scale="column", margins=c(5,15))
heatmap(sample_matrix, Rowv=NA, Colv=NA, col=greenred(32), scale="column", margins=c(5,15))
dev.off()
it would output the 2nd (greenred color scheme, I just tested it) heatmap to the heatmap4.png file, just like how a ruby method returns its last line by default