I'm trying to run google assistant on my raspberry pi following the steps on: https://developers.google.com/assistant/sdk/guides/service/python/embed/run-sample
all works fine until activating the Google Assistant with the command:
googlesamples-assistant-pushtotalk --project-id my-dev-project --device-model-id my-model
I'm getting the following ImportError:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/pi/env/bin/googlesamples-assistant-pushtotalk", line 5, in <module>
from googlesamples.assistant.grpc.pushtotalk import main
File "/home/pi/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/googlesamples/assistant/grpc/pushtotalk.py", line 28, in <module>
import grpc
File "/home/pi/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/grpc/__init__.py", line 22, in <module>
from grpc import _compression
File "/home/pi/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/grpc/_compression.py", line 15, in <module>
from grpc._cython import cygrpc
ImportError: /home/pi/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/grpc/_cython/cygrpc.cpython-39-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so: undefined symbol: __atomic_exchange_8
Any ideas on how to fix this?
just ended up here since I ran into the same problem (on a different project) but also involving python3.9, cygrpc on a RPi4 with a recent raspbian-lite (32bit).
While I don't have a solution here are my guesses:
formerly __atomic_exchange_8 was defined in /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libgcc_s.so.1 but now it seems defined in libatomic:
$ grep __atomic_exchange_8 /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libatomic.so.1
grep: /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libatomic.so.1: binary file matches
EDIT:
Solved it. I was looking at the patch which tried to solve the problem two years ago:
https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/20514/commits/b912fc7d8d401bb65b3147ee77d03beaa3d46038
I figured their test check_linker_need_libatomic() might be broken, and patched it again to always return True, the problem got fixed.
Had tried earlier to fix it by adding CFLAGS='-latomic' CPPFLAGS='-latomic' but that didn't help.
here's my tiny workaround (not fix!) for today's grpc git HEAD:
root#mypi:/home/pi/CODE/grpc# git diff
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 1a72c5c668..60b7705cd2 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
## -197,6 +197,7 ## ENABLE_DOCUMENTATION_BUILD = _env_bool_value(
def check_linker_need_libatomic():
"""Test if linker on system needs libatomic."""
+ return True
code_test = (b'#include <atomic>\n' +
b'int main() { return std::atomic<int64_t>{}; }')
cxx = os.environ.get('CXX', 'c++')
diff --git a/tools/distrib/python/grpcio_tools/setup.py b/tools/distrib/python/grpcio_tools/setup.py
index 6b842f56b9..8d5f581ac7 100644
--- a/tools/distrib/python/grpcio_tools/setup.py
+++ b/tools/distrib/python/grpcio_tools/setup.py
## -85,6 +85,7 ## BUILD_WITH_STATIC_LIBSTDCXX = _env_bool_value(
def check_linker_need_libatomic():
"""Test if linker on system needs libatomic."""
+ return True
code_test = (b'#include <atomic>\n' +
b'int main() { return std::atomic<int64_t>{}; }')
cxx = os.environ.get('CXX', 'c++')
root#mypi:/home/pi/CODE/grpc#
EDIT:
as a quick test, cygrpc.cpython-39-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so needs to depend on libatomic:
pi#mypi:~/CODE/grpc $ ldd /usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/grpc/_cython/cygrpc.cpython-39-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
linux-vdso.so.1 (0xbeef7000)
/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libarmmem-${PLATFORM}.so => /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libarmmem-v7l.so (0xb698b000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0 (0xb695f000)
libatomic.so.1 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libatomic.so.1 (0xb6946000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libstdc++.so.6 (0xb67be000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so.6 (0xb674f000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6 (0xb65fb000)
/lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 (0xb6fcc000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libgcc_s.so.1 (0xb65ce000)
This works for me on RPI0 + Bullseye + Python3.9:
pip3 uninstall -y grpcio grpcio-tools
sudo apt install -y python3-grpcio python3-grpc-tools
EDIT: Update to gRPC v1.44.0. The issue has been fixed there, see the explanation below in the old answer.
There was a problem with the order of the parameters used by the compiler to compile some test code which result is used to determine whether libatomic needs to be linked or not.
The issue will be fixed with the next release of grpc. If they maintain the same schedule of previous releases it should be v1.44.0 which should come out some time the next month.
In the mean time you can git cherry-pick the proper fix and build grpc yourself
I have a python script that I'm trying to convert from python 2.7 to python 3.7.
The script includes windows API to read the system registry. In python 2.7 it works correctly. In python 3.7 it does not return the correct result.
I try to run the script python 3 in another PC with python 3. I run the script only in powershell like administrator.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winreg/nf-winreg-regopenkeyexa this is the documentation of RegOpenKeyExA() function.
In python 2.7 I installed "VCForPython27.msi" from: https://download.microsoft.com/download/7/9/6/796EF2E4-801B-4FC4-AB28-B59FBF6D907B/VCForPython27.msi which for windows 3.7 I don't find a updated version.
from ctypes import c_uint, c_char_p, byref, windll
subkey = 'JD'
def RegOpenKeyEx(subkey):
hkey = c_uint(0) ## Initialize to an int
windll.advapi32.RegOpenKeyExA(0x80000002, 'SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\' + subkey, 0, 0xF003F , byref(hkey))
print(hkey.value)
return hkey.value
In python 2.7 the output is:
656
and the windll.advapi32.RegOpenKeyExA function returns 0 as a return value.
In python 3.7 the output is:
0
and the windll.advapi32.RegOpenKeyExA function returns 2 as a return value
I solved with replace the 6th row with:
windll.advapi32.RegOpenKeyExA(0x80000002, 'SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\'.encode('ascii') + subkey.encode('ascii'), 0, 0x19 , byref(hkey))
In Python 2.7, strings are byte-strings by default. In Python 3.x, they are unicode by default. I explicitly making string a byte string using .encode('ascii').
I thought that setting a fixed number of decimal points to all numbers of an array of Decimals, and the new arrays resulting from operations thereof, could be achieved by simply doing:
from decimal import *
getcontext().prec = 5 # 4 decimal points
v = Decimal(0.005)
print(v)
0.005000000000000000104083408558608425664715468883514404296875
However, I get spurious results that I know are the consequence of the contribution of these extra decimals to the calculations. Therefore, as a workaround, I used the round() function like this:
C_subgrid= [Decimal('33.340'), Decimal('33.345'), Decimal('33.350'), Decimal('33.355'), Decimal('33.360'), Decimal('33.365'), Decimal('33.370'), Decimal('33.375'), Decimal('33.380'), Decimal('33.385'), Decimal('33.390'), Decimal('33.395'), Decimal('33.400'), Decimal('33.405'), Decimal('33.410'), Decimal('33.415'), Decimal('33.420'), Decimal('33.425'), Decimal('33.430'), Decimal('33.435'), Decimal('33.440'), Decimal('33.445'), Decimal('33.450'), Decimal('33.455'), Decimal('33.460'), Decimal('33.465'), Decimal('33.470'), Decimal('33.475'), Decimal('33.480'), Decimal('33.485'), Decimal('33.490'), Decimal('33.495'), Decimal('33.500'), Decimal('33.505'), Decimal('33.510'), Decimal('33.515'), Decimal('33.520'), Decimal('33.525'), Decimal('33.530'), Decimal('33.535'), Decimal('33.540'), Decimal('33.545'), Decimal('33.550'), Decimal('33.555'), Decimal('33.560'), Decimal('33.565'), Decimal('33.570'), Decimal('33.575'), Decimal('33.580'), Decimal('33.585'), Decimal('33.590'), Decimal('33.595'), Decimal('33.600'), Decimal('33.605'), Decimal('33.610'), Decimal('33.615'), Decimal('33.620'), Decimal('33.625'), Decimal('33.630'), Decimal('33.635'), Decimal('33.640'), Decimal('33.645'), Decimal('33.650'), Decimal('33.655'), Decimal('33.660'), Decimal('33.665'), Decimal('33.670'), Decimal('33.675'), Decimal('33.680'), Decimal('33.685'), Decimal('33.690'), Decimal('33.695'), Decimal('33.700'), Decimal('33.705'), Decimal('33.710'), Decimal('33.715'), Decimal('33.720'), Decimal('33.725'), Decimal('33.730'), Decimal('33.735'), Decimal('33.740'), Decimal('33.745'), Decimal('33.750'), Decimal('33.755'), Decimal('33.760'), Decimal('33.765'), Decimal('33.770'), Decimal('33.775'), Decimal('33.780'), Decimal('33.785'), Decimal('33.790'), Decimal('33.795'), Decimal('33.800'), Decimal('33.805'), Decimal('33.810'), Decimal('33.815'), Decimal('33.820'), Decimal('33.825'), Decimal('33.830'), Decimal('33.835'), Decimal('33.840'), Decimal('33.845'), Decimal('33.850'), Decimal('33.855'), Decimal('33.860'), Decimal('33.865'), Decimal('33.870'), Decimal('33.875'), Decimal('33.880'), Decimal('33.885'), Decimal('33.890'), Decimal('33.895'), Decimal('33.900'), Decimal('33.905'), Decimal('33.910'), Decimal('33.915'), Decimal('33.920'), Decimal('33.925'), Decimal('33.930'), Decimal('33.935'), Decimal('33.940'), Decimal('33.945'), Decimal('33.950'), Decimal('33.955'), Decimal('33.960'), Decimal('33.965'), Decimal('33.970'), Decimal('33.975'), Decimal('33.980'), Decimal('33.985'), Decimal('33.990'), Decimal('33.995'), Decimal('34.000'), Decimal('34.005'), Decimal('34.010'), Decimal('34.015'), Decimal('34.020'), Decimal('34.025'), Decimal('34.030'), Decimal('34.035'), Decimal('34.040'), Decimal('34.045'), Decimal('34.050'), Decimal('34.055'), Decimal('34.060'), Decimal('34.065'), Decimal('34.070'), Decimal('34.075'), Decimal('34.080'), Decimal('34.085'), Decimal('34.090'), Decimal('34.095'), Decimal('34.100'), Decimal('34.105'), Decimal('34.110'), Decimal('34.115'), Decimal('34.120'), Decimal('34.125'), Decimal('34.130'), Decimal('34.135'), Decimal('34.140')]
C_subgrid = [round(v, 4) for v in C_subgrid]
I got the values of C_subgrid list by printing it out during execution of my code, and I pasted it here. Not sure where the single quotes come from. This code snipped worked fine in Python2.7, but when I upgraded to Python 3.7 it started raising this error:
File "/home2/thomas/Documents/4D-CHAINS_dev/lib/peak.py", line 301, in <listcomp>
C_subgrid = [round(v, 4) for v in C_subgrid] # convert all values to fixed decimal length floats!
decimal.InvalidOperation: [<class 'decimal.InvalidOperation'>]
Strangely, if I run it within ipython it works fine, only within my code it creates problems. Can anybody think of any possible reason?
In version 0.6.8 I use ggsave() from ggplot in Python.
In version 0.11 such a function does not exist. Which one should I use to replace it?
This is the code that used to work in previous version:
import ggplot as gg
plot_data = gg.ggplot(dat, gg.aes('month', 'average_workers')) + gg.geom_line() + gg.scale_y_continuous(breaks=11) + \
gg.scale_x_discrete(breaks=list_of_years_division, labels=list_of_years) + \
gg.ggtitle('Evolution of average numbers of workers per firm, monthly\nAgents : %s' %
title_pop_val+'% of Population') + gg.xlab('Years') + gg.ylab('Units') + gg.theme_bw()
gg.ggsave(plot_data, os.path.join(parameters.output_data_path, ('temp_general_average_workers%s.png' %
parameters.parameters_names)))
plot_data is a ggplot object.
I have tried:
gg.ggplot.save(plot_data, 'path.jpg', 10, 6, 300)
And the error I get is:
TypeError: object of type 'int' has no len()
I ran into the same issue. It looks like the solution is to call 'save()' on the ggplot object:
plot_data.save(filename='path.png')
Why is read.clipboard() not working on my system?
> library(psych)
> read.table(text=read.clipboard(), sep="\t", header=T, stringsAsFactors=F, strip.white=T)
Error in textConnection(text, encoding = "UTF-8") :
invalid 'text' argument
In addition: Warning message:
In read.table(file("clipboard"), header = TRUE, ...) :
incomplete final line found by readTableHeader on 'clipboard'
> read.table(text=readClipboard(), sep="\t", header=T, stringsAsFactors=F, strip.white=T)
Error in textConnection(text, encoding = "UTF-8") :
could not find function "readClipboard"
The version information:
> packageVersion('psych')
[1] ‘1.4.8.11’
> R.version
_
platform i486-pc-linux-gnu
arch i486
os linux-gnu
system i486, linux-gnu
status
major 3
minor 1.1
year 2014
month 07
day 10
svn rev 66115
language R
version.string R version 3.1.1 (2014-07-10)
nickname Sock it to Me
>
EDIT:
As suggested by #RichardScriven, I used following:
read.table('clipboard', sep="\t", header=T)
If I copy some cells in a spreadsheet and try above command, it does not work. Following is the error:
Error in file(file, "rt") : cannot open the connection
In addition: Warning message:
In file(file, "rt") : clipboard cannot be opened or contains no text
But if I paste first to a text editor, and copy it again from there, then the above command works well.
How can I directly use the data after copying from a spreadsheet?
Following command also shows same problem, works when copied from text editor but not when copied from spreadsheet. I produces same error.
> read.clipboard(sep="\t", header=T)
Error in open.connection(file, "rt") : cannot open the connection
In addition: Warning message:
In open.connection(file, "rt") :
clipboard cannot be opened or contains no text
read.clipboard(sep="\t",header = T)
The above code should work. Also please note that you need to copy [from excel / libreoffice etc] , go to R script and run the command in R. If you perform any other commands in between, this might not work. Hope this helps.