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How can I use in the window terminal the linux commands?
For example: use the "ls" command to see the directories of the files inside the same window terminal, if someone knows about it, thanks in advance.
There are several ways to do that, depending on what you mean by your request:
You could use wsl (windows subsystem for linux) and have fun with the Linux shell inside Windows (It's running a linux distribution however, so I don't know if it's what you want).
I use personally git bash and I think that's what you want.
If by "using linux commands" you mean practising with the Linux environment, I strongly suggest to install a VM with Linux on it, or go as far as dual-booting it with Windows.
If you are experienced and you just want a way to have the same commands, then as I said, Git bash or also Cygwin are the way to go
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I've ran into a problem when trying to use an installed Linux bash shell instead of my Windows command prompt. I can't get my computer files to show on my Ubuntu terminal, even though when I repeat the same actions on my windows command prompt they seem to work.
I'm thinking there must be an issue with my installation, possibly I need to do a few more steps to get it to work like my regular command prompt terminal, but I'm not sure how to do this currently. I've added some screenshots above for additional context of me not finding my files in Ubuntu but being able to find them through windows command prompt.
It's because your linux home directory is most likely located outside of your windows user's home directory.
Use windows search to look for one of your ubuntu files (for example git_101) to determine where is your ubuntu home directory in relation to windows file system.
This can vary depending on how you installed ubuntu, but you might be able to access your windows filesystem via the /mnt directory as well. You can check that by running ls -lah /mnt.
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I would just like to be able to have my own linux command line on Windows 7. I do have Putty installed but I have no idea how to access a simple linux command line. I just basically need the basic commands that any Linux OPERATING SYSTEM has.
Install Cygwin (https://www.cygwin.com). Cygwin is a Unix-like environment and command-line interface for Microsoft Windows. Cygwin provides native integration of Windows-based applications, data, and other system resources with applications, software tools, and data of the Unix-like environment.
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I have Fedora 11 installed on VirtualBox. By accident some files in /var directory were damaged or removed(I don't know what exactly). Now when trying to run Fedora, it goes untill choosing the user and freezes. No reaction at mouse and keyboard clicks. Does anyone have any suppositions how to run it, or at least how to retrieve files from virtual machine? I booted it to the terminal where I updated all what is possible - gnome, etc...But still no result.
It's impossible to know what happened without knowing what got removed. However, a great way to get your files out is using scp. Good examples for this can be found here.
Alternatively, if you've installed the Virtualbox Guest Additions you can use a USB drive to retrieve your files. There's a pretty good tutorial on how to get your USB drive working on VBox here.
If you want my best guess as to what's wrong, something in your /var relating to your GUI got removed, as from what I understand you can still boot to your command line. My suggestion would be to get what you need off the machine using the above tools and get a fresh install.
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I have one abc.exe executable file in windows. I am able to execute this application using DOS command promt and give some run-time variable to it.
I want to do same in linux system from terminal.
How can I do this??
Windows EXE files usually can't run on Linux. You might be successful with wine which emulates MS Windows, though:
wine abc.exe
What do you mean by a runtime variable? A command line argument, or environment variable?
chorobas answer is correct, Linux cannot directly run .exe files however with third part software like wine, or running a windows vm to execute your file.
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I am new to the world of Unix and would like to install some type of editor to run Unix ssh commands on my windows PC. If that is not possible then how can i go about practicing Unix commands? I would be making directories and storing data in them if that helps.
From what I am reading you want to practice working in a unix command line on your windows PC. Is this correct?
If so I might recommend you check out cygwin.
ref: http://www.cygwin.com/
cygwin can install on a windows machine and provide you with an emulated linux shell. you can do pretty much anything basic you can do in linux in cygwin.
I would recommend two things which will enable you to use ssh:
1) If you want to keep on using Windows but have a remote machine on which you could login via ssh I recommend PUTTY.
2) You can set up a virtual machine using e.g. VirtualBOX.
I think, running a Linux VM on virtualbox is a better choice. You have a complete system to play with.