Undesired effect with dictionaries in python - python-3.x

Currently working with sensor data processing in python.
Idea and concept:
Sensor data is in the form of range (points x, y, z). Identify the cube to which each point belongs and find the mean for each and every cell and store the value in a dictionary in which the key represents the dimensions of the cell and the value corresponds to the mean of the points in that particular cell.
Issue / abnormality:
For every cell the idea works fine untill the second point gets identified for each cell. From the second point onwards association fails, meaning the stored value in the dictionary is erratic and not the calculated value.
The code is as follows:
covMats = {}
meanMats = {}
countMats = {}
pointsMat = {}
mean1 = np.array([[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]])
for point in radarData:
xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax, timetaken = returnExtreme(point)
cellID = str(xmin) + ',' + str(ymin) + ',' + str(zmin) + ',' + str(xmax) + ',' + str(ymax) + ',' + str(zmax) ## Gives the extreme ends of a cell (xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax) , a unique key for every cube
mean1[0, 0] = point[0]
mean1[0, 1] = point[1]
mean1[0, 2] = point[2]
tempPoint = np.array([point])
if(cellID in meanMats): ## If the cell ID already exist
currentMean = meanMats[cellID]
currentMean += tempPoint
tempArray = pointsMat[cellID]
count = 0
for temp in tempArray: ## To remove duplicate of points
#print("The value in temp is ", temp[0])
if temp[0] == point[0]:
if temp[1] == point[1]:
if temp[2] == point[2]:
count += 1
#print("The length of the temp array is ", len(tempArray))
if count == 0:
tempArray.append([point[0], point[1], point[2]])
pointsMat[cellID] = tempArray
countMats[cellID] += 1
meanMats[cellID] = currentMean
count = 0
else: ## If a new point for a particular cell id
tempList = []
meanMats[cellID] = np.copy(mean1) ## Store the first point in the cell or cube
countMats[cellID] = 1
tempList.append([point[0], point[1], point[2]])
pointsMat[cellID] = tempList ## Update the parameters for that particular cube or cell.
Note:
The work cell and cube are invariant and are used interchangeably as they are the same. In my case a cell is cube in 3D visualisation.

Related

Mapping RGB data to values in legend

This is a follow-up to my previous question here
I've been trying to convert the color data in a heatmap to RGB values.
source image
In the below image, to the left is a subplot present in panel D of the source image. This has 6 x 6 cells (6 rows and 6 columns). On the right, we see the binarized image, with white color highlighted in the cell that is clicked after running the code below. The input for running the code is the below image. The ouput is(mean = [ 27.72 26.83 144.17])is the mean of BGR color in the cell that is highlighted in white on the right image below.
A really nice solution that was provided as an answer to my previous question is the following (ref)
import cv2
import numpy as np
# print pixel value on click
def mouse_callback(event, x, y, flags, params):
if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
# get specified color
row = y
column = x
color = image[row, column]
print('color = ', color)
# calculate range
thr = 20 # ± color range
up_thr = color + thr
up_thr[up_thr < color] = 255
down_thr = color - thr
down_thr[down_thr > color] = 0
# find points in range
img_thr = cv2.inRange(image, down_thr, up_thr) # accepted range
height, width, _ = image.shape
left_bound = x - (x % round(width/6))
right_bound = left_bound + round(width/6)
up_bound = y - (y % round(height/6))
down_bound = up_bound + round(height/6)
img_rect = np.zeros((height, width), np.uint8) # bounded by rectangle
cv2.rectangle(img_rect, (left_bound, up_bound), (right_bound, down_bound), (255,255,255), -1)
img_thr = cv2.bitwise_and(img_thr, img_rect)
# get points around specified point
img_spec = np.zeros((height, width), np.uint8) # specified mask
last_img_spec = np.copy(img_spec)
img_spec[row, column] = 255
kernel = np.ones((3,3), np.uint8) # dilation structuring element
while cv2.bitwise_xor(img_spec, last_img_spec).any():
last_img_spec = np.copy(img_spec)
img_spec = cv2.dilate(img_spec, kernel)
img_spec = cv2.bitwise_and(img_spec, img_thr)
cv2.imshow('mask', img_spec)
cv2.waitKey(10)
avg = cv2.mean(image, img_spec)[:3]
mean.append(np.around(np.array(avg), 2))
print('mean = ', np.around(np.array(avg), 2))
# print(mean) # appends data to variable mean
if __name__ == '__main__':
mean = [] #np.zeros((6, 6))
# create window and callback
winname = 'img'
cv2.namedWindow(winname)
cv2.setMouseCallback(winname, mouse_callback)
# read & display image
image = cv2.imread('ip2.png', 1)
#image = image[3:62, 2:118] # crop the image to 6x6 cells
#---- resize image--------------------------------------------------
# appended this to the original code
print('Original Dimensions : ', image.shape)
scale_percent = 220 # percent of original size
width = int(image.shape[1] * scale_percent / 100)
height = int(image.shape[0] * scale_percent / 100)
dim = (width, height)
# resize image
image = cv2.resize(image, dim, interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
cv2.imshow(winname, image)
cv2.waitKey() # press any key to exit
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
What do I want to do next?
The mean of the RGB values thus obtained has to be mapped to the values in the following legend provided in the source image,
I would like to ask for suggestions on how to map the RGB data to the values in the legend.
Note: In my previous post it has been suggested that one could
fit the RGB values into an equation which gives continuous results.
Any suggestions in this direction will also be helpful.
EDIT:
Answering the comment below
I did the following to measure the RGB values of legend
Input image:
This image has 8 cells in columns width and 1 cell in rows height
Changed these lines of code:
left_bound = x - (x % round(width/8)) # 6 replaced with 8
right_bound = left_bound + round(width/8) # 6 replaced with 8
up_bound = y - (y % round(height/1)) # 6 replaced with 1
down_bound = up_bound + round(height/1) # 6 replaced with 1
Mean obtained for each cell/ each color in legend from left to right:
mean = [ 82.15 174.95 33.66]
mean = [45.55 87.01 17.51]
mean = [8.88 8.61 5.97]
mean = [16.79 17.96 74.46]
mean = [ 35.59 30.53 167.14]
mean = [ 37.9 32.39 233.74]
mean = [120.29 118. 240.34]
mean = [238.33 239.56 248.04]
You can try to apply piece wise approach, make pair wise transitions between colors:
c[i->i+1](t)=t*(R[i+1],G[i+1],B[i+1])+(1-t)*(R[i],G[i],B[i])
Do the same for these values:
val[i->i+1](t)=t*val[i+1]+(1-t)*val[i]
Where i - index of color in legend scale, t - parameter in [0:1] range.
So, you have continuous mapping of 2 values, and just need to find color parameters i and t closest to sample and find value from mapping.
Update:
To find the color parameters you can think about every pair of neighbour legend colors as a pair of 3d points, and your queried color as external 3d point. Now you just meed to find a length of perpendicular from the external point to a line, then, iterating over legend color pairs, find the shortest perpendicular (now you have i).
Then find intersection point of the perpendicular and the line. This point will be located at the distance A from line start and if line length is L then parameter value t=A/L.
Update2:
Simple brutforce solution to illustrate piece wise approach:
#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Mat Image=cv::Mat::zeros(100,250,CV_32FC3);
std::vector<cv::Scalar> Legend;
Legend.push_back(cv::Scalar(82.15,174.95,33.66));
Legend.push_back(cv::Scalar(45.55, 87.01, 17.51));
Legend.push_back(cv::Scalar(8.88, 8.61, 5.97));
Legend.push_back(cv::Scalar(16.79, 17.96, 74.46));
Legend.push_back(cv::Scalar(35.59, 30.53, 167.14));
Legend.push_back(cv::Scalar(37.9, 32.39, 233.74));
Legend.push_back(cv::Scalar(120.29, 118., 240.34));
Legend.push_back(cv::Scalar(238.33, 239.56, 248.04));
std::vector<float> Values;
Values.push_back(-4);
Values.push_back(-2);
Values.push_back(0);
Values.push_back(2);
Values.push_back(4);
Values.push_back(8);
Values.push_back(16);
Values.push_back(32);
int w = 30;
int h = 10;
for (int i = 0; i < Legend.size(); ++i)
{
cv::rectangle(Image, Rect(i * w, 0, w, h), Legend[i]/255, -1);
}
std::vector<cv::Scalar> Smooth_Legend;
std::vector<float> Smooth_Values;
for (int i = 0; i < Legend.size()-1; ++i)
{
cv::Scalar c1 = Legend[i];
cv::Scalar c2 = Legend[i + 1];
float v1 = Values[i];
float v2 = Values[i+1];
for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j)
{
float t = (float)j / (float)w;
Scalar c = c2 * t + c1 * (1 - t);
float v = v2 * t + v1 * (1 - t);
float x = i * w + j;
line(Image, Point(x, h), Point(x, h + h), c/255, 1);
Smooth_Values.push_back(v);
Smooth_Legend.push_back(c);
}
}
Scalar qp = cv::Scalar(5, 0, 200);
float d_min = FLT_MAX;
int ind = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < Smooth_Legend.size(); ++i)
{
float d = cv::norm(qp- Smooth_Legend[i]);
if (d < d_min)
{
ind = i;
d_min = d;
}
}
std::cout << Smooth_Values[ind] << std::endl;
line(Image, Point(ind, 3 * h), Point(ind, 4 * h), Scalar::all(255), 2);
circle(Image, Point(ind, 4 * h), 3, qp/255,-1);
putText(Image, std::to_string(Smooth_Values[ind]), Point(ind, 70), FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 1, Scalar(0, 0.5, 0.5), 0.002);
cv::imshow("Legend", Image);
cv::imwrite("result.png", Image*255);
cv::waitKey();
}
The result:
Python:
import cv2
import numpy as np
height=100
width=250
Image = np.zeros((height, width,3), np.float)
legend = np.array([ (82.15,174.95,33.66),
(45.55,87.01,17.51),
(8.88,8.61,5.97),
(16.79,17.96,74.46),
( 35.59,0.53,167.14),
( 37.9,32.39,233.74),
(120.29,118.,240.34),
(238.33,239.56,248.04)], np.float)
values = np.array([-4,-2,0,2,4,8,16,32], np.float)
# width of cell, also defines number
# of one segment transituin subdivisions.
# Larger values will give more accuracy, but will woek slower.
w = 30
# Only fo displaying purpose. Height of bars in result image.
h = 10
# Plot legend cells ( to check correcrness only )
for i in range(len(legend)):
col=legend[i]
cv2.rectangle(Image, (i * w, 0, w, h), col/255, -1)
# Start form smoorhed scales for color and according values
Smooth_Legend=[]
Smooth_Values=[]
for i in range(len(legend)-1): # iterate known knots
c1 = legend[i] # start color point
c2 = legend[i + 1] # end color point
v1 = values[i] # start value
v2 = values[i+1] # emd va;ie
for j in range(w): # slide inside [start:end] interval.
t = float(j) / float(w) # map it to [0:1] interval
c = c2 * t + c1 * (1 - t) # transition between c1 and c2
v = v2 * t + v1 * (1 - t) # transition between v1 and v2
x = i * w + j # global scale coordinate (for drawing)
cv2.line(Image, (x, h), (x, h + h), c/255, 1) # draw one tick of smoothed scale
Smooth_Values.append(v) # append smoothed values for next step
Smooth_Legend.append(c) # append smoothed color for next step
# queried color
qp = np.array([5, 0, 200])
# initial value for minimal distance set to large value
d_min = 1e7
# index for clolor search
ind = -1
# search for minimal distance from queried color to smoothed scale color
for i in range(len(Smooth_Legend)):
# distance
d = cv2.norm(qp-Smooth_Legend[i])
if (d < d_min):
ind = i
d_min = d
# ind contains index of the closest color in smoothed scale
# and now we can extract according value from smoothed values scale
print(Smooth_Values[ind]) # value mapped to queried color.
# plot pointer (to check ourself)
cv2.line(Image, (ind, 3 * h), (ind, 4 * h), (255,255,255), 2);
cv2.circle(Image, (ind, 4 * h), 3, qp/255,-1);
cv2.putText(Image, str(Smooth_Values[ind]), (ind, 70), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 1, (0, 0.5, 0.5), 1);
# show window
cv2.imshow("Legend", Image)
# save to file
cv2.imwrite("result.png", Image*255)
cv2.waitKey()

create set of randomized column names in pandas dataframe

I am trying to create a set of columns (within panda dataframe) where the column names are randomized. This is because I want to generate filter data from a larger data-set in a randomized fashion.
How can I generate an N (= 4) * 3 set of column names as per below?
car_speed state_8 state_17 state_19 state_16 wd_8 wd_17 wd_19 wd_16 wu_8 wu_17 wu_19 wu_16
My potential code below, but doesn't really work. I need the blocks'state_' first, then 'wd_', and then 'wd_'. My code below generates 'state_', 'wd_', 'wu_' individually in consecutive order. I have problems further on, when it is in that order, of filling in the data from the larger data-set
def iteration1(data, classes = 50, sigNum = 4):
dataNN = pd.DataFrame(index = [0])
dataNN['car_speed'] = np.zeros(1)
while len(dataNN.columns) < sigNum + 1:
state = np.int(np.random.uniform(0, 50))
dataNN['state_'+str(state)] = np.zeros(1) # this is the state value set-up
dataNN['wd_' + str(state)] = np.zeros(1) # this is the weight direction
dataNN['wu_' + str(state)] = np.zeros(1) # this is the weight magnitude
count = 0 # initialize count row as zero
while count < classes :
dataNN.loc[count] = np.zeros(len(dataNN.columns))
for state in dataNN.columns[1:10]:
dataNN[state].loc[count] = data[state].loc[count]
count = count + 1
if count > classes : break
return dataNN
Assuming the problem you have is lack of grouping of "state_*", "wd_*", and "wu_*" I suggest that you first select sigNum / 3 random ints and then use them to label the columns. Like the following:
states = [np.int(np.random.uniform(0, 50)) for _ in range (sigNum/3)]
i = 0
while len(dataNN.columns) <= sigNum:
state = states[i]
i += 1
dataNN['state_'+str(state)] = np.zeros(1) # this is the state value set-up
dataNN['wd_' + str(state)] = np.zeros(1) # this is the weight direction
dataNN['wu_' + str(state)] = np.zeros(1) # this is the weight magnitude
import random
import pandas as pd
def iteration1(data, classes = 5, subNum = 15):
dataNN = pd.DataFrame(index = [0])
dataNN['car_speed'] = np.zeros(1)
states = random.sample(range(50), sub_sig)
for i in range(0, sub_sig, 1):
dataNN['state_'+str(states[i])] = np.zeros(1) # this is the state value set-up
for i in range(0, subNum, 1):
dataNN['wd_' + str(states[i])] = np.zeros(1) # this is the weight direction
for i in range(0, subNum, 1):
dataNN['wu_' + str(states[i])] = np.zeros(1) # this is the weight magnitude
return dataNN

Python - Using arange to plot points leading to duplicate points

I am attempting to create an array of 2D points from a set of vertices by using the arange function and numpy.stack to populate a list and then convert it into an array at the end.
I then take these points and plot them in matplotlib in a second program. Unfortunately instead of being a series of lines forming boxes as I'd expected it seems many of the lines have been double-counted or not counted at all.
The code to write the array is as follows:
import numpy as np
objectradius = 4
objectspace = 2 #Must be half the objectradius
boundingvertex = [180,180],[180,-180],[-180,-180],[-180,180] #The vertices of the corners of the objects They must be given in clockwise or anti-clockwise order
box1vertex = [-120,-120],[-120,-80],[40,-80],[40,-120]
box2vertex = [-120,0],[-160,0],[-160,160],[-120,160]
box3vertex = [-80,-40],[-40,-40],[-40,120],[-80,120]
box4vertex = [80,-120],[160,-120],[160,80],[80,80]
vertexlist = boundingvertex + box1vertex + box2vertex + box3vertex + box4vertex
vertices = np.asarray(vertexlist) #Converts vertices list to array
segments = []
for i in range (5): #For each object
objectnum = i + 1
for k in range(4): #For each corner vertex
start = vertices[objectnum + k]
end = vertices[objectnum + (k+1)%4]
if start[0] == end[0]: #If they have equal x
if start[1]<end[1]: #If the start point is bigger (more positive) than the end it will fail, so we have to reorder the points
#print(i,k)
#print(start,end,"equal x")
templist = np.arange(start[1],end[1],objectspace) #Evenly spaces points between the two points
pointnumber = np.size(templist)
if pointnumber == 0:
print(i,k,"went wrong here")
break
coord = np.full(pointnumber,start[0]) #Makes an equally long array of the x co-ordinate
newlist = np.stack((templist,coord),axis=-1) #Takes the templist points and adds the x co-ordinate onto them.
segments.append(newlist)
#print (segments)
else:
#print(i,k)
#print(start,end,"equal x")
templist = np.arange(end[1],start[1],objectspace)
pointnumber = np.size(templist)
if pointnumber == 0:
print(i,k,"went wrong here")
break
coord = np.full(pointnumber,start[0])
newlist = np.stack((templist,coord),axis=-1)
segments.append(newlist)
#print (segments)
else:
if start[0]<end[0]:
#print(i,k)
#print(start,end,"equal x")
templist = np.arange(start[0],end[0],objectspace)
pointnumber = np.size(templist)
if pointnumber == 0:
print(i,k,"went wrong here")
break
coord = np.full(pointnumber,start[1])
newlist = np.stack((coord,templist),axis=-1)
segments.append(newlist)
#print (segments)
else:
#print(i,k)
#print(start,end,"equal x")
templist = np.arange(end[0],start[0],objectspace)
pointnumber = np.size(templist)
if pointnumber == 0:
print(i,k,"went wrong here")
break
coord = np.full(pointnumber,start[1])
newlist = np.stack((coord,templist),axis=-1)
segments.append(newlist)
#print (segments)
segments.append(vertices)
finalpoints = np.asarray(segments)
From this code I copy pasted the array values from each element of finalpoints into a text file which is then read by the second program to plot the points.
When the second program is run and the points are plotted the result looks like this sample screenshot. Clearly the vertices are being plotted correctly but the arange points have not. Any assistance is greatly appreciated.

Printing a hollow circle using asterisks (so no turtle)

For a school assignment I need to print a smiley using a hollow circle.
def circle(i):
i += 1
from math import sqrt
result = ""
midden = i / 2.0
for a in range(i):
for b in range(i):
c = sqrt((midden - a)**2 + (midden - b)**2)
if midden > c:
result += "#"
else:
result += " "
result += "\n"
print(result)
circle(11)
The code above is what I have used to print a filled circle but i cannot for the life of me figure out how to make the circle hollow
Here is code that will first create a matrix with spaces, and walks along 1/8th of the circle, placing '#' characters. The 7 mirroring positions can be set at the same time, filling the complete circle. Finally the matrix is converted to a string which is returned.
from math import sqrt
def circle(radius):
pixels = [[' ' for x in range(2*radius+1)] for y in range(2*radius+1)]
y = radius
x = 0
max = (radius + 0.5)**2
while x <= y:
pixels[radius+y][radius+x] = '#'
pixels[radius+y][radius-x] = '#'
pixels[radius-y][radius+x] = '#'
pixels[radius-y][radius-x] = '#'
pixels[radius+x][radius+y] = '#'
pixels[radius+x][radius-y] = '#'
pixels[radius-x][radius+y] = '#'
pixels[radius-x][radius-y] = '#'
x += 1
if x*x + y*y >= max:
y -= 1
return '\n'.join([''.join([v for v in row]) for row in pixels])
print(circle(11))

select with bokeh not really working

I am using bokeh 0.12.2. I have a select with words. When i choose a word it should circle the dot data. It seems to work then stop. I am trying with 2 words, word1 and word2. lastidx is full of index.xc and yx are the location of the circle here is the code. This is working with one but not really if i change the value in the select:
for j in range(0,2):
for i in range(0,len(lastidx[j])):
xc.append(tsne_kmeans[lastidx[j][i], 0])
yc.append(tsne_kmeans[lastidx[j][i], 1])
source = ColumnDataSource(data=dict(x=xc, y=yc, s=mstwrd))
def callback(source=source):
dat = source.get('data')
x, y, s = dat['x'], dat['y'], dat['s']
val = cb_obj.get('value')
if val == 'word1':
for i in range(0,75):
x[i] = x[i]
y[i] = y[i]
elif val == 'word2':
for i in range(76,173):
x[i-76] = x[i]
y[i-76] = y[i]
source.trigger('change')
slct = Select(title="Word:", value="word1", options=mstwrd , callback=CustomJS.from_py_func(callback))
# create the circle around the data where the word exist
r = plot_kmeans.circle('x','y', source=source)
glyph = r.glyph
glyph.size = 15
glyph.fill_alpha = 0.0
glyph.line_color = "black"
glyph.line_dash = [4, 2]
glyph.line_width = 1
x and y are loaded with all the data here and I just pick the data for the word I select. It seems to work and then it does not.
Is it possible to do that as a stand alone chart?
Thank you
I figured it out: code here is just to see if this was working. This will be improved of course. And may be this is what was written here at the end:
https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh/issues/2618
for i in range(0,len(lastidx[0])):
xc.append(tsne_kmeans[lastidx[0][i], 0])
yc.append(tsne_kmeans[lastidx[0][i], 1])
addto = len(lastidx[1])-len(lastidx[0])
# here i max out the data which has the least
# so when you go from one option to the other it
# removes all the previous data circle
for i in range(0,addto):
xc.append(-16) # just send them somewhere
yc.append(16)
for i in range(0, len(lastidx[1])):
xf.append(tsne_kmeans[lastidx[1][i], 0])
yf.append(tsne_kmeans[lastidx[1][i], 1])
x = xc
y = yc
source = ColumnDataSource(data=dict(x=x, y=y,xc=xc,yc=yc,xf=xf,yf=yf))
val = "word1"
def callback(source=source):
dat = source.get('data')
x, y,xc,yc,xf,yf = dat['x'], dat['y'], dat['xc'], dat['yc'], dat['xf'], dat['yf']
# if slct.options['value'] == 'growth':
val = cb_obj.get('value')
if val == 'word1':
for i in range(0,len(xc)):
x[i] = xc[i]
y[i] = yc[i]
elif val == 'word2':
for i in range(0,len(xf)):
x[i] = xf[i]
y[i] = yf[i]
source.trigger('change')
slct = Select(title="Most Used Word:", value=val, options=mstwrd , callback=CustomJS.from_py_func(callback))
# create the circle around the data where the word exist
r = plot_kmeans.circle('x','y', source=source)
I will check if i can pass a matrix. Don't forget to have the same size of data if not you will have multiple options circled in the same time.
Thank you

Resources