I wanna get directory name with minor change from path string in one line.
For example, if given string is
'./dir1/dir2/dir3/xxx.txt'
I wanna get
'./dir1/fix_string_as_suffix'
And I want to combine it with find command like below though it's not fixed yet.
find . -type d \( -name 'vendor' \) -prune -o -type f -name '*.txt' -print | cut -d'/' -f1,2
You can use sed:
s='./dir1/dir2/dir3/xxx.txt'
sed -E 's~^(([^/]*/){2}).*~\1~' <<< "$s"
./dir1/
Use IFS & printf Builtin
There's more than one way to do what you want within the shell, depending on whether you want to use standard utilities like cut, sed, or awk, or if you want limit yourself to expansions and builtins found within the shell itself. One approach is to split the path into components, and then rejoin them with the printf command or builtin. For example:
path='./dir1/dir2/dir3/xxx.txt'
IFS='/' read -ra dirs <<< "$path"
printf '%s' "${dirs[0]}/" "${dirs[1]}/" "..." $'\n'
If you want to turn this into a one-liner, join the commands with a semicolon and/or use curly braces for command grouping. However, readability trumps conciseness, especially in shell programming.
Use the cut command:
#!/bin/bash
path="./dir1/dir2/dir3/xxx.txt"
suffix="something fixed string"
prefix=`echo $path | cut -d/ -f1,2`
echo "$prefix/$suffix"
Concatenate lines from above using ; to get it on one line:
prefix=`echo $path | cut -d/ -f1,2` ; echo "$prefix/$suffix"
I think it's what you look for
find . -type d \( -name 'vendor' \) -prune -o -type f -name '*.txt' -exec sh -c 'echo "${1%/*}/fix_string_as_suffix"' fstrasuff {} \;
Actually, I ended up as below.
find . -type d \( -name 'vendor' \) -prune -o -type f -name '*.txt' -print | cut -d'/' -f1,2 | uniq | awk '{print $1"/..."}'
Can anyone see why Perl deletes all file content when it is used together with find?
echo stning >> test.tex
echo stning >> test.tex
find . -type f -name \*.tex -print0 | xargs -0 perl -i -ne 's/stning/sætning/g'
cat test.tex
The last command doesn't return anything, and that the issue.
You need -p, not -n. The -n flag only reads, but doesn't print.
find . -type f -name \*.tex -print0 | xargs -0 perl -i -pe 's/stning/sætning/g'
You can easily remember this with the mnemonic perl pie, which is perl -p -i -e or shorter perl -pi -e.
You can achieve your result with sed itself. As just you need an inline replacement.
find . -type f -name \*.tex -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/stning/sætning/g'
I have several directories like below. I want to list the directories which dont have the SQL files. For example "dev.mysite.com" in below example. Im using ubuntu 14.04 LTS
orange.com/
orange.com.sql
10.10.10.1/public_html/...
apple.edu.us/
apple.edu.sql
10.10.10.2/public_html/...
dev.mysite.com/
10.10.10.3/public_html/
example.com/
mysql_dbdump20150911.sql
10.10.11.11/public_html/...
Ive tried to achieve this using "find" with "cut" and "xargs" and moving those directories to the "dirwithsql" directory and take remaining ones as directory without sql file manually.
find . -maxdepth 2 -iname "*.sql" | cut -d'/' -f 2 | xargs -n 1 -I {} mv {} /backup/dirwithsql/{}
Ive tried with
find -maxdepth 2 ! -iname "*.sql" -exec dirname {} \;
But above command shows all directories
Is there any better method ?
Thank you
I had a similar problem recently, this worked for me
for f in $(find . -type d -maxdepth 2); do if [[ $(ls -1 $f | grep '.sql$'|wc -l) == 0 ]] ; then echo $f; fi; done
find . -type d -print0 | while read -d $'\0' n; do [ -f "$n"/*.sql ] || echo $n; done
Shall work even with exotic directory names (spaces, newlines...)
How do I find and replace every occurrence of:
subdomainA.example.com
with
subdomainB.example.com
in every text file under the /home/www/ directory tree recursively?
find /home/www \( -type d -name .git -prune \) -o -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/subdomainA\.example\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g'
-print0 tells find to print each of the results separated by a null character, rather than a new line. In the unlikely event that your directory has files with newlines in the names, this still lets xargs work on the correct filenames.
\( -type d -name .git -prune \) is an expression which completely skips over all directories named .git. You could easily expand it, if you use SVN or have other folders you want to preserve -- just match against more names. It's roughly equivalent to -not -path .git, but more efficient, because rather than checking every file in the directory, it skips it entirely. The -o after it is required because of how -prune actually works.
For more information, see man find.
The simplest way for me is
grep -rl oldtext . | xargs sed -i 's/oldtext/newtext/g'
Note: Do not run this command on a folder including a git repo - changes to .git could corrupt your git index.
find /home/www/ -type f -exec \
sed -i 's/subdomainA\.example\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g' {} +
Compared to other answers here, this is simpler than most and uses sed instead of perl, which is what the original question asked for.
All the tricks are almost the same, but I like this one:
find <mydir> -type f -exec sed -i 's/<string1>/<string2>/g' {} +
find <mydir>: look up in the directory.
-type f:
File is of type: regular file
-exec command {} +:
This variant of the -exec action runs the specified command on the selected files, but the command line is built by appending
each selected file name at the end; the total number of invocations of the command will be much less than the number of
matched files. The command line is built in much the same way that xargs builds its command lines. Only one instance of
`{}' is allowed within the command. The command is executed in the starting directory.
For me the easiest solution to remember is https://stackoverflow.com/a/2113224/565525, i.e.:
sed -i '' -e 's/subdomainA/subdomainB/g' $(find /home/www/ -type f)
NOTE: -i '' solves OSX problem sed: 1: "...": invalid command code .
NOTE: If there are too many files to process you'll get Argument list too long. The workaround - use find -exec or xargs solution described above.
cd /home/www && find . -type f -print0 |
xargs -0 perl -i.bak -pe 's/subdomainA\.example\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g'
For anyone using silver searcher (ag)
ag SearchString -l0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/SearchString/Replacement/g'
Since ag ignores git/hg/svn file/folders by default, this is safe to run inside a repository.
This one is compatible with git repositories, and a bit simpler:
Linux:
git grep -l 'original_text' | xargs sed -i 's/original_text/new_text/g'
Mac:
git grep -l 'original_text' | xargs sed -i '' -e 's/original_text/new_text/g'
(Thanks to http://blog.jasonmeridth.com/posts/use-git-grep-to-replace-strings-in-files-in-your-git-repository/)
To cut down on files to recursively sed through, you could grep for your string instance:
grep -rl <oldstring> /path/to/folder | xargs sed -i s^<oldstring>^<newstring>^g
If you run man grep you'll notice you can also define an --exlude-dir="*.git" flag if you want to omit searching through .git directories, avoiding git index issues as others have politely pointed out.
Leading you to:
grep -rl --exclude-dir="*.git" <oldstring> /path/to/folder | xargs sed -i s^<oldstring>^<newstring>^g
A straight forward method if you need to exclude directories (--exclude-dir=..folder) and also might have file names with spaces (solved by using 0Byte for both grep -Z and xargs -0)
grep -rlZ oldtext . --exclude-dir=.folder | xargs -0 sed -i 's/oldtext/newtext/g'
An one nice oneliner as an extra. Using git grep.
git grep -lz 'subdomainA.example.com' | xargs -0 perl -i'' -pE "s/subdomainA.example.com/subdomainB.example.com/g"
Simplest way to replace (all files, directory, recursive)
find . -type f -not -path '*/\.*' -exec sed -i 's/foo/bar/g' {} +
Note: Sometimes you might need to ignore some hidden files i.e. .git, you can use above command.
If you want to include hidden files use,
find . -type f -exec sed -i 's/foo/bar/g' {} +
In both case the string foo will be replaced with new string bar
find /home/www/ -type f -exec perl -i.bak -pe 's/subdomainA\.example\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g' {} +
find /home/www/ -type f will list all files in /home/www/ (and its subdirectories).
The "-exec" flag tells find to run the following command on each file found.
perl -i.bak -pe 's/subdomainA\.example\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g' {} +
is the command run on the files (many at a time). The {} gets replaced by file names.
The + at the end of the command tells find to build one command for many filenames.
Per the find man page:
"The command line is built in much the same way that
xargs builds its command lines."
Thus it's possible to achieve your goal (and handle filenames containing spaces) without using xargs -0, or -print0.
I just needed this and was not happy with the speed of the available examples. So I came up with my own:
cd /var/www && ack-grep -l --print0 subdomainA.example.com | xargs -0 perl -i.bak -pe 's/subdomainA\.example\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g'
Ack-grep is very efficient on finding relevant files. This command replaced ~145 000 files with a breeze whereas others took so long I couldn't wait until they finish.
or use the blazing fast GNU Parallel:
grep -rl oldtext . | parallel sed -i 's/oldtext/newtext/g' {}
grep -lr 'subdomainA.example.com' | while read file; do sed -i "s/subdomainA.example.com/subdomainB.example.com/g" "$file"; done
I guess most people don't know that they can pipe something into a "while read file" and it avoids those nasty -print0 args, while presevering spaces in filenames.
Further adding an echo before the sed allows you to see what files will change before actually doing it.
Try this:
sed -i 's/subdomainA/subdomainB/g' `grep -ril 'subdomainA' *`
According to this blog post:
find . -type f | xargs perl -pi -e 's/oldtext/newtext/g;'
#!/usr/local/bin/bash -x
find * /home/www -type f | while read files
do
sedtest=$(sed -n '/^/,/$/p' "${files}" | sed -n '/subdomainA/p')
if [ "${sedtest}" ]
then
sed s'/subdomainA/subdomainB/'g "${files}" > "${files}".tmp
mv "${files}".tmp "${files}"
fi
done
If you do not mind using vim together with grep or find tools, you could follow up the answer given by user Gert in this link --> How to do a text replacement in a big folder hierarchy?.
Here's the deal:
recursively grep for the string that you want to replace in a certain path, and take only the complete path of the matching file. (that would be the $(grep 'string' 'pathname' -Rl).
(optional) if you want to make a pre-backup of those files on centralized directory maybe you can use this also: cp -iv $(grep 'string' 'pathname' -Rl) 'centralized-directory-pathname'
after that you can edit/replace at will in vim following a scheme similar to the one provided on the link given:
:bufdo %s#string#replacement#gc | update
You can use awk to solve this as below,
for file in `find /home/www -type f`
do
awk '{gsub(/subdomainA.example.com/,"subdomainB.example.com"); print $0;}' $file > ./tempFile && mv ./tempFile $file;
done
hope this will help you !!!
For replace all occurrences in a git repository you can use:
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/subdomainA\.example\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g'
See List files in local git repo? for other options to list all files in a repository. The -z options tells git to separate the file names with a zero byte, which assures that xargs (with the option -0) can separate filenames, even if they contain spaces or whatnot.
A bit old school but this worked on OS X.
There are few trickeries:
• Will only edit files with extension .sls under the current directory
• . must be escaped to ensure sed does not evaluate them as "any character"
• , is used as the sed delimiter instead of the usual /
Also note this is to edit a Jinja template to pass a variable in the path of an import (but this is off topic).
First, verify your sed command does what you want (this will only print the changes to stdout, it will not change the files):
for file in $(find . -name *.sls -type f); do echo -e "\n$file: "; sed 's,foo\.bar,foo/bar/\"+baz+\"/,g' $file; done
Edit the sed command as needed, once you are ready to make changes:
for file in $(find . -name *.sls -type f); do echo -e "\n$file: "; sed -i '' 's,foo\.bar,foo/bar/\"+baz+\"/,g' $file; done
Note the -i '' in the sed command, I did not want to create a backup of the original files (as explained in In-place edits with sed on OS X or in Robert Lujo's comment in this page).
Happy seding folks!
just to avoid to change also
NearlysubdomainA.example.com
subdomainA.example.comp.other
but still
subdomainA.example.com.IsIt.good
(maybe not good in the idea behind domain root)
find /home/www/ -type f -exec sed -i 's/\bsubdomainA\.example\.com\b/\1subdomainB.example.com\2/g' {} \;
Here's a version that should be more general than most; it doesn't require find (using du instead), for instance. It does require xargs, which are only found in some versions of Plan 9 (like 9front).
du -a | awk -F' ' '{ print $2 }' | xargs sed -i -e 's/subdomainA\.example\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g'
If you want to add filters like file extensions use grep:
du -a | grep "\.scala$" | awk -F' ' '{ print $2 }' | xargs sed -i -e 's/subdomainA\.example\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g'
For Qshell (qsh) on IBMi, not bash as tagged by OP.
Limitations of qsh commands:
find does not have the -print0 option
xargs does not have -0 option
sed does not have -i option
Thus the solution in qsh:
PATH='your/path/here'
SEARCH=\'subdomainA.example.com\'
REPLACE=\'subdomainB.example.com\'
for file in $( find ${PATH} -P -type f ); do
TEMP_FILE=${file}.${RANDOM}.temp_file
if [ ! -e ${TEMP_FILE} ]; then
touch -C 819 ${TEMP_FILE}
sed -e 's/'$SEARCH'/'$REPLACE'/g' \
< ${file} > ${TEMP_FILE}
mv ${TEMP_FILE} ${file}
fi
done
Caveats:
Solution excludes error handling
Not Bash as tagged by OP
If you wanted to use this without completely destroying your SVN repository, you can tell 'find' to ignore all hidden files by doing:
find . \( ! -regex '.*/\..*' \) -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/subdomainA.example.com/subdomainB.example.com/g'
Using combination of grep and sed
for pp in $(grep -Rl looking_for_string)
do
sed -i 's/looking_for_string/something_other/g' "${pp}"
done
perl -p -i -e 's/oldthing/new_thingy/g' `grep -ril oldthing *`
to change multiple files (and saving a backup as *.bak):
perl -p -i -e "s/\|/x/g" *
will take all files in directory and replace | with x
called a “Perl pie” (easy as a pie)
I have a number of files in a folder, and I want to replace every space character in all file names with underscores. How can I achieve this?
This should do it:
for file in *; do mv "$file" `echo $file | tr ' ' '_'` ; done
I prefer to use the command 'rename', which takes Perl-style regexes:
rename "s/ /_/g" *
You can do a dry run with the -n flag:
rename -n "s/ /_/g" *
Use sh...
for i in *' '*; do mv "$i" `echo $i | sed -e 's/ /_/g'`; done
If you want to try this out before pulling the trigger just change mv to echo mv.
If you use bash:
for file in *; do mv "$file" ${file// /_}; done
What if you want to apply the replace task recursively? How would you do that?
Well, I just found the answer myself. Not the most elegant solution, (also tries to rename files that do not comply with the condition) but it works. (BTW, in my case I needed to rename the files with '%20', not with an underscore)
#!/bin/bash
find . -type d | while read N
do
(
cd "$N"
if test "$?" = "0"
then
for file in *; do mv "$file" ${file// /%20}; done
fi
)
done
Here is another solution:
ls | awk '{printf("\"%s\"\n", $0)}' | sed 'p; s/\ /_/g' | xargs -n2 mv
uses awk to add quotes around the name of the file
uses sed to replace space with underscores; prints the original name with quotes(from awk); then the substituted name
xargs takes 2 lines at a time and passes it to mv
Try something like this, assuming all of your files were .txt's:
for files in *.txt; do mv “$files” `echo $files | tr ‘ ‘ ‘_’`; done
Quote your variables:
for file in *; do echo mv "'$file'" "${file// /_}"; done
Remove the "echo" to do the actual rename.
To rename all the files with a .py extension use,
find . -iname "*.py" -type f | xargs -I% rename "s/ /_/g" "%"
Sample output,
$ find . -iname "*.py" -type f
./Sample File.py
./Sample/Sample File.py
$ find . -iname "*.py" -type f | xargs -I% rename "s/ /_/g" "%"
$ find . -iname "*.py" -type f
./Sample/Sample_File.py
./Sample_File.py
This will replace ' ' with '_' in every folder and file name recursivelly in Linux with Python >= 3.5. Change path_to_your_folder with your path.
Only list files and folders:
python -c "import glob;[print(x) for x in glob.glob('path_to_your_folder/**', recursive=True)]"
Replace ' ' with '_' in every folder and file name
python -c "import os;import glob;[os.rename(x,x.replace(' ','_')) for x in glob.glob('path_to_your_folder/**', recursive=True)]"
With Python < 3.5, you can install glob2
pip install glob2
python -c "import os;import glob2;[os.rename(x,x.replace(' ','_')) for x in glob2.glob('path_to_your_folder/**')]"
The easiest way to replace a string (space character in your case) with another string in Linux is using sed. You can do it as follows
sed -i 's/\s/_/g' *
Hope this helps.