I have created a class inside a python package. The problem is that the class uses the numpy library which is not seen when imported.
'''
import numpy as np
class NN:'''
and in the init class I wrote
'''
from net.NN import NN
'''
but when I import the package in my jupyter notebook
'''
from net import NN
'''
and I initialize the class it just gives me an error "No module named np"
Related
I am working on healthcare image dataset for image segmentation. More specific, it is "Spinal Cord Gray Matter Segmentation Using PyTorch". When I am trying to install libraries initially using this code:
!pip3 install http://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu80/torch-0.4.0-cp36-cp36m-linux_x86_64.whl
!pip3 install torchvision
!pip install medicaltorch
!pip3 install numpy==1.14.1
it is showing some errors in between required satisfied like this:
1st screenshot
2nd screenshot
After that I am importing libraries:
from collections import defaultdict
import time
import os
import numpy as np
from tqdm import tqdm
from medicaltorch import datasets as mt_datasets
from medicaltorch import models as mt_models
from medicaltorch import transforms as mt_transforms
from medicaltorch import losses as mt_losses
from medicaltorch import metrics as mt_metrics
from medicaltorch import filters as mt_filters
import torch
from torchvision import transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torch import autograd, optim
import torch.backends.cudnn as cudnn
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.utils as vutils
cudnn.benchmark = True
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
This importing is throwing an error like this:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-8-80b8c583d1fe> in <module>()
20
21
---> 22 from medicaltorch import datasets as mt_datasets
23 from medicaltorch import models as mt_models
24 from medicaltorch import transforms as mt_transforms
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/medicaltorch/datasets.py in <module>()
11 from torch.utils.data import Dataset
12 import torch
---> 13 from torch._six import string_classes, int_classes
14
15 from PIL import Image
ImportError: cannot import name 'int_classes' from 'torch._six' (/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/torch/_six.py)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE: If your import is failing due to a missing package, you can
manually install dependencies using either !pip or !apt.
To view examples of installing some common dependencies, click the
"Open Examples" button below.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
can someone help me resolve this?
In pytorch 1.9 int_classes variable in torch._six was removed. facebookresearch/TimeSformer#47
Use this code instead.
from torch._six import string_classes
int_classes = (bool, int)
See source here: https://github.com/visionml/pytracking/issues/272
how to import modules which are in form of
"from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor" in Pyscript?
The way you import modules works as follows:
Include the relevant package in the environment
<py-env>
- scikit-learn
</py-env>
Import the module as you would do it in any other python file
<py-script>
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
dt = DecisionTreeClassifier()
...
</py-script>
Trying to implement an Item Loader.
my class name in items.py:
SiemensLinkcontentItem
my import statements inside my spider:
import scrapy
from scrapy.loader import ItemLoader
from siemens_linkcontent.siemens_linkcontent.items import SiemensLinkcontentItem
I get the following error:
No module named 'siemens_linkcontent.siemens_linkcontent'
My path diagramm is the following:
Use This One
- from siemens_linkcontent.items import SiemensLinkcontentItem
Code below works as expected. It prints 5 random numbers.
import numpy as np
class test_class():
def __init__(self):
self.rand_nums = self.create_rand_num()
def create_rand_num(self):
numbers = np.random.rand(5)
return numbers
myclass = test_class()
myclass.rand_nums
However, the following does not work. NameError: name 'np' is not defined
import numpy as np
from test.calc import create_rand_num
class test_class():
def __init__(self):
self.rand_nums = create_rand_num()
myclass = test_class()
myclass.rand_nums
# contents of calc.py in test folder:
def create_rand_num():
print(np.random.rand(5))
But, this works:
from test.calc import create_rand_num
class test_class():
def __init__(self):
self.rand_nums = create_rand_num()
myclass = test_class()
myclass.rand_nums
# contents of calc.py in test folder:
import numpy as np
def create_rand_num():
print(np.random.rand(5))
Why must I have 'import numpy as np' inside calc.py? I already have this import before my class definition. I am sure I am misunderstanding something here, but I was trying to follow the general rule to have all the import statements at the top of the main code.
What I find confusing is that when I say "from test.calc import create_rand_num," how does Python know whether "import numpy as np" is included at the top of calc.py or not? It must know somehow, because when I include it, the code works, but when I leave it out, the code does not work.
EDIT: After reading the response from #DeepSpace, I want to ask the following:
Suppose I have the following file.py module with contents listed as shown:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import x as y
def myfunc():
pass
So, if I have another file, file1.py, and in it, I say from file.py import myfunc, do I get access to np, pd, and y? This is exactly what seems to be happening in my third example above.
In my third example, notice that np is NOT defined anywhere in the main file, it is only defined in calc.py file, and I am not importing * from calc.py, I am only importing create_rand_num. Why do I not get the same NameError error?
Python is not like C. Importing a module does not copy-paste its source. It simply adds a reference to it to the locals() "namespace". import numpy as np in one file does not make it magically available in all other files.
You have to import numpy as np in every file you want to use np.
Perhaps a worthwhile reading: https://docs.python.org/3.7/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-import-statement
import cv2
import numpy as np
detector=cv2.createWaldBoost()
but this code is showing me error
detector=cv2.createWaldBoost()
AttributeError: module 'cv2' has no attribute 'createWaldBoost'