Greetings
I'm very new to C. I would like to know the most minimal amount of steps/code for making a basic window using raylib. I'm using Linux and have followed the steps on github https://github.com/raysan5/raylib/wiki/Working-on-GNU-Linux, but I honestly don't know where to begin to build my own project. Is cmake or make required for a basic window like in the example: core_basic_window.c, that I'm able to compile (using the instructions from github, but I'm not sure how to modify/simply the code for my own project). Thank you : )
I've tried to copy and past this code from the github pull/project/directory and run gcc on it but I get error messages:
// Filename: core_basic_window.c
#include "raylib.h"
int main(void)
{
// Initialization
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const int screenWidth = 800;
const int screenHeight = 450;
InitWindow(screenWidth, screenHeight, "raylib [core] example - basic window");
SetTargetFPS(60); // Set our game to run at 60 frames-per-second
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Main game loop
while (!WindowShouldClose()) // Detect window close button or ESC key
{
// Update
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TODO: Update your variables here
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Draw
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BeginDrawing();
ClearBackground(RAYWHITE);
DrawText("Congrats! You created your first window!", 190, 200, 20, LIGHTGRAY);
EndDrawing();
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
}
// De-Initialization
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CloseWindow(); // Close window and OpenGL context
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
return 0;
}
Couldn't compile:
########-ThinkPad-T430:~/Documents/c/bin/tmp$ gcc core_basic_window.c
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccB5BYug.o: in function `main':
blah.c:(.text+0x2d): undefined reference to `InitWindow'
/usr/bin/ld: blah.c:(.text+0x37): undefined reference to `SetTargetFPS'
/usr/bin/ld: blah.c:(.text+0x3e): undefined reference to `BeginDrawing'
/usr/bin/ld: blah.c:(.text+0x65): undefined reference to `ClearBackground'
/usr/bin/ld: blah.c:(.text+0xa6): undefined reference to `DrawText'
/usr/bin/ld: blah.c:(.text+0xab): undefined reference to `EndDrawing'
/usr/bin/ld: blah.c:(.text+0xb0): undefined reference to `WindowShouldClose'
/usr/bin/ld: blah.c:(.text+0xbc): undefined reference to `CloseWindow'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
You didn't like your libraries right. If you are using the Notepad++ option then:
Create a Folder, and create a main.cpp/.c file. ->
Navigate to the Raylib download folder, extracted of course, and click npp->then click notepad++.exe
In notepad++ click file->Open (or Ctrl-O) then navigate to the folder you created for your project-> Write code then click F6 to run. That should be simple to follow instructions.
Compiler Flags (for GCC)
echo > Setup required Environment
echo -------------------------------------
SET RAYLIB_PATH=C:\raylib\raylib
SET COMPILER_PATH=C:\raylib\w64devkit\bin
ENV_SET PATH=$(COMPILER_PATH)
SET CC=gcc
SET CFLAGS=$(RAYLIB_PATH)\src\raylib.rc.data -s -static -Os -std=c99 -Wall -I$(RAYLIB_PATH)\src -Iexternal -DPLATFORM_DESKTOP
SET LDFLAGS=-lraylib -lopengl32 -lgdi32 -lwinmm
cd $(CURRENT_DIRECTORY)
echo
echo > Clean latest build
echo ------------------------
cmd /c IF EXIST $(NAME_PART).exe del /F $(NAME_PART).exe
echo
echo > Saving Current File
echo -------------------------
npp_save
echo
echo > Compile program
echo -----------------------
$(CC) -o $(NAME_PART).exe $(FILE_NAME) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
echo
echo > Reset Environment
echo --------------------------
ENV_UNSET PATH
echo
echo > Execute program
echo -----------------------
cmd /c IF EXIST $(NAME_PART).exe $(NAME_PART).exe
If you put this into a main.bat file or something it should give you a raylib runtime.
Related
In my ubuntu 14.xx, I try to compile lsnes emulator to use the mario-ai script from aleju/mario-ai, and I've tried to google many solutions to solve the problem below:
Here is the output from the console:
make[3]: __all__.files' is up to date.
make[3]: Leaving directory/home/pengsuyu/software/lsnes/sourcecode/src/platform/macosx'
make[2]: Leaving directory /home/pengsuyu/software/lsnes/sourcecode/src/platform'
g++ -o lsnescat all_common.files all_platform.files-pthread -lboost_iostreams -lboost_filesystem -lboost_system -lz -lgcrypt -lgpg-error -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lcurl -rdynamic -ldlcat core/all.ldflags lua/all.ldflags fonts/all.ldflags library/all.ldflags interface/all.ldflags video/all.ldflags emulation/all.ldflags cmdhelp/all.ldflags platform/all.ldflags
core/multitrack.o: In functionlua::state::get_string(int, std::string const&)':
/home/pengsuyu/software/lsnes/sourcecode/src/core/../../include/library/lua-base.hpp:317: undefined reference to lua_tolstring'
core/multitrack.o: In functionlua::state::get_bool(int, std::string const&)':
/home/pengsuyu/software/lsnes/sourcecode/src/core/../../include/library/lua-base.hpp:334: undefined reference to lua_toboolean'
core/multitrack.o: In functionlua::state::type(int)':
.
.
/home/pengsuyu/software/lsnes/sourcecode/src/library/lua.cpp:536: undefined reference to lua_close'
library/lua.o: In functionlua::state::pushcfunction(int ()(lua_State))':
/home/pengsuyu/software/lsnes/sourcecode/src/library/../../include/library/lua-base.hpp:504: undefined reference to lua_pushcclosure'
library/lua.o: In functionlua::state::getfield(int, char const*)':
/home/pengsuyu/software/lsnes/sourcecode/src/library/../../include/library/lua-base.hpp:506: undefined reference to lua_getfield'
library/lua.o: In functionlua::state::insert(int)':
/home/pengsuyu/software/lsnes/sourcecode/src/library/../../include/library/lua-base.hpp:509: undefined reference to lua_insert'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [lsnes] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory/home/pengsuyu/software/lsnes/sourcecode/src'
make: *** [src/all_files] Error 2
==================================
At the beginning, I think, the linker cannot find my lua library. So I tried to compile my main.cpp with test.lua.
main.cpp:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
//extern "C"
//{
#include <lua.h>
#include <lualib.h>
#include <lauxlib.h>
//} // liblua5.1-c++.a
lua_State * L;
int main ()
{
L = lua_open();
luaL_openlibs(L);
luaL_dofile(L, "d:\\test.lua");
return 0;
}
test.lua:
print("Hello World");
I write a MakeFile to generate the executable file "main":
main:main.o
gcc -o $# $< -llua5.1 -lstdc++
main.o:
gcc -c main.cpp
clean:
-rm *.o
It works when I add the compile option "-llua5.1" and "-lstdc++" otherwise it throws the same error as I compiled lsnes
I am not familiar with gcc and Makefile. Please help me to solve this problem.
I've solved my question
The way to solve this problem is just to change one line in the file named "options.build".
1. find the line "LUA=lua" in options.build
2. change this line to "LUA=lua5.1"
because the needed library is 5.1, so if you want to build it successfully, you must use the "lua5.1" library however the default configuration is "lua" not "lua5.1"
I am building Nachos source on Ubuntu 12.04
If we believe "lscpu" output, machine arch is x86. I am getting the following error at the last step of make:
$ make
g++ -m32 -P -I../network -I../filesys -I../userprog -I../threads -I../machine -I../lib -iquote -Dx86 -DLINUX -c ../threads/switch.S
g++ bitmap.o debug.o libtest.o sysdep.o interrupt.o stats.o timer.o console.o machine.o mipssim.o translate.o network.o disk.o alarm.o kernel.o main.o scheduler.o synch.o thread.o addrspace.o exception.o synchconsole.o directory.o filehdr.o filesys.o pbitmap.o openfile.o synchdisk.o post.o switch.o -m32 -o nachos
scheduler.o: In function `Scheduler::Run(Thread*, bool)':
/home/userx/nachos/NachOS-4.0/code/build.linux/../threads/scheduler.cc:133: undefined reference to `SWITCH'
thread.o: In function `Thread::StackAllocate(void ()(void), void*)':
/home/userx/nachos/NachOS-4.0/code/build.linux/../threads/thread.cc:345: undefined reference to `ThreadRoot'
/home/userx/nachos/NachOS-4.0/code/build.linux/../threads/thread.cc:356: undefined reference to `ThreadRoot'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: * [nachos] Error 1
$
Here is the switch.S that has the symbol defs --
/* We define two routines for each architecture:
*
* ThreadRoot(InitialPC, InitialArg, WhenDonePC, StartupPC)
<...>
#ifdef SOLARIS
.globl ThreadRoot
ThreadRoot:
#else
.globl _ThreadRoot
_ThreadRoot:
#endif
#ifdef x86
.text
.align 2
.globl ThreadRoot
.globl _ThreadRoot
_ThreadRoot:
ThreadRoot:
<...>
.globl SWITCH
.globl _SWITCH
_SWITCH:
SWITCH:
<...>
#endif
I have skipped the #ifdefs for more arch like DECMIPS, POWERPC, APPLEPOWERPC etc.
Yes, my env $PATH includes dir where switch.s resides :/home/userx/nachos/NachOS-4.0/code/threads/
Please let me know if any more info is needed to debug. Thanks a lot.
Try adding underscore in the C header file that have extern "C" SWITCH and ThreadRoot, and change too the .c file in where the error is. I mean use _SWITCH instead SWITCH and the same for ThreadRoot.
I followed this below webpage to install ATLAS + Lapack in linux :
http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/atlas_install/node6.html
bunzip2 -c atlas3.10.1.tar.bz2 | tar xfm - # create SRCdir
mv ATLAS ATLAS3.10.1 # get unique dir name
cd ATLAS3.10.1 # enter SRCdir
mkdir Linux_C2D64SSE3 # create BLDdir
cd Linux_C2D64SSE3 # enter BLDdir
../configure -b 64 -D c -DPentiumCPS=2400 \ # configure command
--prefix=/home/whaley/lib/atlas \ # install dir
--with-netlib-lapack-tarfile=/home/whaley/dload/lapack-3.4.2.tgz
make build # tune & build lib
make check # sanity check correct answer
make ptcheck # sanity check parallel
make time # check if lib is fast
make install # copy libs to install dir
After that , I try to run an sample in
http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lapacke.html
the sample code :
#include <stdio.h>
#include <lapacke.h>
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
double a[5*3] = {1,2,3,4,5,1,3,5,2,4,1,4,2,5,3};
double b[5*2] = {-10,12,14,16,18,-3,14,12,16,16};
lapack_int info,m,n,lda,ldb,nrhs;
int i,j;
m = 5;
n = 3;
nrhs = 2;
lda = 5;
ldb = 5;
info = LAPACKE_dgels(LAPACK_COL_MAJOR,'N',m,n,nrhs,a,lda,b,ldb);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<nrhs;j++)
{
printf("%lf ",b[i+ldb*j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return(info);
}
I have found out the build library has no iblapacke.a , so I build this library by myslef
cd lapack-3.4.2
cp make.inc.example make.inc
cd lapacke
make
Then , finally I have the iblapacke.a now , so I compile the sample above by :
g++ test3.cpp liblapacke.a -o test3.exe
I get the following errors :
liblapacke.a(lapacke_dgels_work.o): In function `LAPACKE_dgels_work':
lapacke_dgels_work.c:(.text+0x1dd): undefined reference to `dgels_'
lapacke_dgels_work.c:(.text+0x2b7): undefined reference to `dgels_'
After I google , I have found :
http://www.netlib.org/lapack/explore-html/d7/d3b/group__double_g_esolve.html
Functions/Subroutines
subroutine dgels (TRANS, M, N, NRHS, A, LDA, B, LDB, WORK, LWORK, INFO)
DGELS solves overdetermined or underdetermined systems for GE matrices
There is a function dgels , without underline , and in
http://shtools.ipgp.fr/www/faq.html#l4
I think the underline is added for accident ,
nm -A liblapacke.a |grep "dgels_"
liblapacke.a:lapacke_dgels.o: U LAPACKE_dgels_work
liblapacke.a:lapacke_dgels_work.o: U LAPACKE_dge_trans
liblapacke.a:lapacke_dgels_work.o:0000000000000000 T LAPACKE_dgels_work
liblapacke.a:lapacke_dgels_work.o: U LAPACKE_xerbla
liblapacke.a:lapacke_dgels_work.o: U dgels_
liblapacke.a:lapacke_dgels_work.o: U free
liblapacke.a:lapacke_dgels_work.o: U malloc
I think I should try to not avoid underline like build "dgels" not to "dgels" while build liblapack.a ,means I should change something build Lapack and ATLAS ,
just don't know how to do it ....Any suggestion is appreciated !!
Update : http://software.intel.com/sites/products/documentation/doclib/mkl_sa/11/mkl_lapack_examples/c_bindings.htm
I have no idea if related , -Ddgels=dgels_ is added , the same link error !!
see:
http://icl.cs.utk.edu/lapack-forum/viewtopic.php?f=12&t=3336
for example:
gcc LinearEquation.c -Ilapack-3.5.0/lapacke/include/ -Llapack-3.5.0 -llapacke -llapack -lrefblas -lgfortran -o LinearEquation
the order of lapacke > lapack > refblas is important... also if you don't want to use the double step gcc gfortran, use -lgfortran
I had the exact same problem. You need to do it as follows:
gcc(or g++) -c -O3 -I ../include -o test.o test.c
and then
gfortran test.o ../liblapacke.a ../liblapack.a ../blas.a -o test.exe
You can then run it like so:
./test.exe
Basically, you need to follow the gcc compile with a gfortran compile. The -c option in the first command forces gcc to skip the linker. gfortran is then used to link the libraries.
You can learn more by looking at the makefile for the examples provided with LAPACKE.
I had the same problem (using g++), but fixed my problems by adding a -lblas and -lgfortran.
To resolve the issue, here are the steps I have done.
sudo apt-get install libblas-dev liblapack-dev gfortran
linking a -lblas and -lgfortran when it runs
I made userdef.c for adding some function otsu_Threshold and onBinarOtzu.
The function library header file is pxa_lib.h and I typed function like this
void otzu_Threshold(unsigned char* orgImg, unsigned char* outImg, int height, int width);
void onBinarOtzu(unsigned char* m_InImg);
In camera.c that is in Folder 'demo', I typed
'#include < pxa_lib.h >
....
....
onBinarOtzu(vidbuf->ycbcr.y);
MakeFile
CC=/usr/local/arm-linux-4.1.1/bin/arm-linux-gcc
CFLAGS+= -mcpu=iwmmxt -mtune=iwmmxt -mabi=aapcs-linux \
-Iinclude/ -DDEBUG_BUILD
LFLAGS+=-Llib/ -lpxadev
.PHONY: all compile install-host install-target clean clean-local \
uninstall-host uninstall-target
all: compile install-host install-target
compile: lib/libpxadev.so bin/camera
lib/libpxadev.so: driver/camera.o driver/overlay2.o driver/userdef.o
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -shared -W1,-soname,libpxadev.so -o lib/libpxadev.so $^
bin/camera: demo/camera.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LFLAGS) -o $# $^
install-host:
install-target:
clean: clean-local uninstall-host uninstall-target
clean-local:
-rm -f lib/* driver/*.o
-rm -f bin/*
uninstall-host:
-rm -f $(PXA_HOST_LIB_DIR)/libpxadev.so
uninstall-target:
$(SUDO) rm -f $(PXA_TARGET_BIN_DIR)/camera
$(SUDO) rm -f $(PXA_TARGET_LIB_DIR)/libpxadev.so
I made binary file and transmitted in robot by minicom,zmodem.
But, error had occured.
[root#WENDERS root]# [root#WENDERS root]# ./camera
PXA_CAMERA:choose MT.... sensor
PXA_CAMERA:choose MT.... sensor
camera_config : streamparm.type = 1
count = 3
width=320, height=240
./camera: symbol lookup error: ./camera: undefined symbol: onBinarOtzu
What sould I do...
ps. I'm sorry. I can't English well...
It looks like you linked to shared libraries while compiling, but they aren't loaded on the target.
You'll have to add the libraries somewhere Linux can find them, perhaps in /usr/lib or /lib, or somewhere specified by the $LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable. Exactly how you do this is dependent on the environment you have set up.
I have one .cu file that contains my cuda kernel, and a wrapper function that calls the kernel. I have a bunch of .c files as well, one of which contains the main function. One of these .c files calls the wrapper function from the .cu to invoke the kernel.
I compile these files as follows:
LIBS=-lcuda -lcudart
LIBDIR=-L/usr/local/cuda/lib64
CFLAGS = -g -c -Wall -Iinclude -Ioflib
NVCCFLAGS =-g -c -Iinclude -Ioflib
CFLAGSEXE =-g -O2 -Wall -Iinclude -Ioflib
CC=gcc
NVCC=nvcc
objects := $(patsubst oflib/%.c,oflib/%.o,$(wildcard oflib/*.c))
table-hash-gpu.o: table-hash.cu table-hash.h
$(NVCC) $(NVCCFLAGS) table-hash.cu -o table-hash-gpu.o
main: main.c $(objects) table-hash-gpu.o
$(CC) $(CFLAGSEXE) $(objects) table-hash-gpu.o -o udatapath udatapath.c $(LIBS) $(LIBDIR)
So far everything is fine. table-hash-gpu.cu calls a function from one of the .c files. When linking for main, I get the error that the function is not present. Can someone please tell me what is going on?
nvcc compiles both device and host code using the host C++ compiler, which implies name mangling. If you need to call a function compiled with a C compiler in C++, you must tell the C++ compiler that it uses C calling conventions. I presume that the errors you are seeing are analogous to this:
$ cat cfunc.c
float adder(float a, float b, float c)
{
return a + 2.f*b + 3.f*c;
}
$ cat cumain.cu
#include <cstdio>
float adder(float, float, float);
int main(void)
{
float result = adder(1.f, 2.f, 3.f);
printf("%f\n", result);
return 0;
}
$ gcc -m32 -c cfunc.c
$ nvcc -o app cumain.cu cfunc.o
Undefined symbols:
"adder(float, float, float)", referenced from:
_main in tmpxft_0000b928_00000000-13_cumain.o
ld: symbol(s) not found
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Here we have code compiled with nvcc (so the host C++ compiler) trying to call a C function and getting a link error, because the C++ code expects a mangled name for adder in the supplied object file. If the main is changed like this:
$ cat cumain.cu
#include <cstdio>
extern "C" float adder(float, float, float);
int main(void)
{
float result = adder(1.f, 2.f, 3.f);
printf("%f\n", result);
return 0;
}
$ nvcc -o app cumain.cu cfunc.o
$ ./app
14.000000
It works. Using extern "C" to qualify the declaration of the function to the C++ compiler, it will not use C++ mangling and linkage rules when referencing adder and the resulting code links correctly.