I'm playing around a bit in Tkinter python when I get this error for what I think is no reason whatsoever.
print(self.entries[x])
IndexError: list index out of range
My code:
from tkinter import *
class Application(Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
super().__init__(master)
self.master = master
self.submit()
def submit(self):
for x in range(2):
self.entries = []
self.buttons = []
e = Entry()
self.entries.append(e)
self.entries[x].grid(row=x, column=0)
b = Button(text='SUBMIT', command=lambda x=x: print(self.entries[x].get()))
self.buttons.append(b)
self.buttons[x].grid(row=x, column=1)
root = Tk()
app = Application(root)
app.mainloop()
The goal is to make multiple rows of entries and submit buttons with this single loop. I have tried to remove all the self in front of everything in the function, but to no avail.
Everything works if the range() in the for loop has a 1, but not for any other number. Can someone please explain? My 1 year course in high school didn't set me up for this kind of stuff.
You keep resetting self.entries and self.buttons each time the for loop runs. You need to move the self.entries = [] and self.buttons = [] before the for loop like this:
from tkinter import *
class Application(Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
super().__init__(master)
# self.master = master # Useless
self.submit()
def submit(self):
self.entries = []
self.buttons = []
for x in range(2):
e = Entry(self)
e.grid(row=x, column=0)
self.entries.append(e)
b = Button(self, text="SUBMIT", command=lambda x=x: print(self.entries[x].get()))
b.grid(row=x, column=1)
self.buttons.append(b)
root = Tk()
app = Application(root)
app.pack()
app.mainloop()
Also another few things:
Instead of self.entries[x].grid(...), you can use e.grid(...)
You never passed in anything for the master argument when creating the entries and buttons.
You inherited from tk.Frame but never put anything inside it and you didn't even call app.pack(...)/app.grid(...)
Also please you import tkinter as tk instead of from tkinter import *.
Related
I have 3 modules (small, dont worry).
main_module = it has a combobox and a button. Comobobox list must be update each time a list (in module2) increases in number of names (combo values). Button calls the second window (module2)-->
myapp_second_window.py which has a entry box and another button. We write a name in the entry, push the button...voila..the list increases. In the origina app the list is created automatically when (2) is called.
Now I pass the list to a Pages.variable that is in -->
my_pages_to_connect_modules.
So, when app start I can populate combobox calling (2) to generate a Pages.variable list or populate combobox with json previously written.
The problem? --> how populate combobox while app is running. I mean, we go to (2) create a new name in entry come back to (1) and it is already there.
main_module
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import*
from tkinter import ttk
import myapp_second_window
from myapp_second_window import SecondClass
root= Tk()
root.geometry("500x500")
root.title('myAPP_Main_Window')
class MainClass:
def __init__(self, parent,myapp_second_window):
self.parent = parent
self.my_widgets1()
def call_second_page (self):
Window2 = tk.Toplevel(root)
Window2.geometry('400x300')
myapp_second_window.SecondClass(Window2)
def my_widgets1(self):
self.field1_value = StringVar()
self.field1 = ttk.Combobox(self.parent, textvariable=self.field1_value)
self.field1['values'] = [1,2] # Pages.variable comes Here
self.field1.grid( row=0, column=0)
self.myButton = tk.Button(self.parent, text = "Call Second module", command = self.call_second_page)
self.myButton.grid(row=2, column=0)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = MainClass(root, myapp_second_window)
root.mainloop()
myapp_second_window.py
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import*
from tkinter import ttk
root= Tk()
root.minsize(550,450)
root.maxsize(560,460)
root.title('myAPP_Second_Window')
class SecondClass:
def init(self, parent):
self.parent = parent
self.my_widgets()
self.names = []
def my_widgets(self):
mylabel = Label(self.parent, text='Insert new name in next widget:')
mylabel.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=W, pady=3)
button1 = tk.Button(self.parent, text="Click to enter Names in list", command=self.addToList)
button1.grid(column=3, row=0, sticky=W, pady=3)
self.name = StringVar()
valueEntry = tk.Entry(self.parent, textvariable= self.name)
valueEntry.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W, pady=3)
def addToList(self):
self.names.append(self.name.get())
print('listentries', self.names)
Pages.list_of_names = self.names
my_pages_to_connect_modules.
class Pages():
list_of_names = " "
It`s been challenging to me, every help is welcome. But please dont say just that I must update main window, I need to know how. Thanks to all of you.
I am writing code for a tkinter gui using a class, however I notice that when I run there is a second window besides the main one I made. I've tried a number of things but they either break the code or the window is black. See code below.
import tkinter as gui
class loginWindow(gui.Frame):
def __init__(self):
super(loginWindow, self).__init__()
self.logUI()
def logUI(self):
self.mainWindow = gui.Tk()
self.mainWindow.title("GLSC IT Inventory")
self.mainWindow.minsize(400, 150)
self.mainWindow.maxsize(400, 150)
self.mainWindow.geometry("400x150")
self.greet_label = gui.Label(self.mainWindow, text="Welcome!!!")
self.greet_label.place(x=180, y=5)
self.uname_label = gui.Label(self.mainWindow, text="Username:")
self.uname_label.place(x=10, y=24)
self.uname_input = gui.StringVar()
self.uname_field = gui.Entry(self.mainWindow, bd=4, textvariable=self.uname_input)
self.uname_field.place(x=80, y=25, width=160)
self.pwd_label = gui.Label(self.mainWindow, text="Password:")
self.pwd_label.place(x=10, y=54)
self.pwd_input = gui.StringVar()
self.pwd_field = gui.Entry(self.mainWindow, bd=4, textvariable=self.pwd_input, show="\u2022")
self.pwd_field.place(x=80, y=55, width=160)
self.login_button = gui.Button(self.mainWindow, text="Login", command=None)
self.login_button.place(x=180, y=95)
my_app = loginWindow()
my_app.mainloop()
When you create instance of loginWindow(), an instance of Tk() is required but there is none, so it will be created implicitly for you.
Then another instance of Tk() is created inside logUI(). So there are two instances of Tk().
One way to fix it is loginWindow not inherited from Frame:
class loginWindow:
def __init__(self):
self.logUI()
def logUI(self):
...
# add for calling tkinter.mainloop()
def mainloop(self):
self.mainWindow.mainloop()
I am making this PDF tool, and I want the buttons to be disabled until a file or files are successfully imported. This is what the app looks like at the launch:
Right after running the callback for the import files button, the active state looks like this:
I want the colors of the buttons to turn maroon instead of the original grey. They only turn back to maroon once you hover the mouse over them. Any thoughts for how to fix this? Here is the callback for the import button:
def import_callback():
no_files_selected = False
global files
files = []
try:
ocr_button['state'] = DISABLED
merge_button['state'] = DISABLED
status_label.pack_forget()
frame.pack_forget()
files = filedialog.askopenfilenames()
for f in files:
name, extension = os.path.splitext(f)
if extension != '.pdf':
raise
if not files:
no_files_selected = True
raise
if frame.winfo_children():
for label in frame.winfo_children():
label.destroy()
make_import_file_labels(files)
frame.pack()
ocr_button['state'] = ACTIVE
merge_button['state'] = ACTIVE
except:
if no_files_selected:
status_label.config(text='No files selected.', fg='blue')
else:
status_label.config(text='Error: One or more files is not a PDF.', fg='red')
status_label.pack(expand='yes')
import_button = Button(root, text='Import Files', width=scaled(20), bg='#5D1725', bd=0, fg='white', relief='groove',
command=import_callback)
import_button.pack(pady=scaled(50))
I know this was asked quite a while ago, so probably already solved for the user. But since I had the exact same problem and do not see the "simplest" answer here, I thought I would post:
Just change the state from "active" to "normal"
ocr_button['state'] = NORMAL
merge_button['state'] = NORMAL
I hope this helps future users!
As I understand you right you want something like:
...
ocr_button['state'] = DISABLED
ocr_button['background'] = '#*disabled background*'
ocr_button.bind('<Enter>', lambda e:ocr_button.configure(background='#...'))
ocr_button.bind('<Leave>', lambda e:ocr_button.configure(background='#...'))
merge_button['state'] = DISABLED
merge_button['background'] = '#*disabled background*'
merge_button.bind('<Enter>', lambda e:ocr_button.configure(background='#...'))
merge_button.bind('<Leave>', lambda e:ocr_button.configure(background='#...'))
...
...
ocr_button['state'] = ACTIVE
ocr_button['background'] = '#*active background*'
ocr_button.unbind('<Enter>')
ocr_button.unbind('<Leave>')
merge_button['state'] = ACTIVE
merge_button['background'] = '#*active background*'
merge_button.unbind('<Enter>')
merge_button.unbind('<Leave>')
...
If there are any errors, since I wrote it out of my mind or something isnt clear, let me know.
Update
the following code reproduces the behavior as you stated. The reason why this happens is how tkinter designed the standart behavior. You will have a better understanding of it if you consider style of ttk widgets. So I would recommand to dont use the automatically design by state rather write a few lines of code to configure your buttons how you like, add and delete the commands and change the background how you like. If you dont want to write this few lines you would be forced to use ttk.Button and map a behavior you do like
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
def func_b1():
print('func of b1 is running')
def disable_b1():
b1.configure(bg='grey', command='')
def activate_b1():
b1.configure(bg='red', command=func_b1)
b1 = tk.Button(root,text='B1', bg='red',command=func_b1)
b2 = tk.Button(root,text='disable', command=disable_b1)
b3 = tk.Button(root,text='activate',command=activate_b1)
b1.pack()
b2.pack()
b3.pack()
root.mainloop()
I've wrote this simple app that I think could help all to reproduce the problem.
Notice that the state of the button when you click is Active.
#!/usr/bin/python3
import sys
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox
class Main(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__()
self.parent = parent
self.init_ui()
def cols_configure(self, w):
w.columnconfigure(0, weight=0, minsize=100)
w.columnconfigure(1, weight=0)
w.rowconfigure(0, weight=0, minsize=50)
w.rowconfigure(1, weight=0,)
def get_init_ui(self, container):
w = ttk.Frame(container, padding=5)
self.cols_configure(w)
w.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.N+tk.W+tk.S+tk.E)
return w
def init_ui(self):
w = self.get_init_ui(self.parent)
r = 0
c = 0
b = ttk.LabelFrame(self.parent, text="", relief=tk.GROOVE, padding=5)
self.btn_import = tk.Button(b,
text="Import Files",
underline=1,
command = self.on_import,
bg='#5D1725',
bd=0,
fg='white')
self.btn_import.grid(row=r, column=c, sticky=tk.N+tk.W+tk.E,padx=5, pady=5)
self.parent.bind("<Alt-i>", self.switch)
r +=1
self.btn_ocr = tk.Button(b,
text="OCR FIles",
underline=0,
command = self.on_ocr,
bg='#5D1725',
bd=0,
fg='white')
self.btn_ocr["state"] = tk.DISABLED
self.btn_ocr.grid(row=r, column=c, sticky=tk.N+tk.W+tk.E,padx=5, pady=5)
r +=1
self.btn_merge = tk.Button(b,
text="Merge Files",
underline=0,
command = self.on_merge,
bg='#5D1725',
bd=0,
fg='white')
self.btn_merge["state"] = tk.DISABLED
self.btn_merge.grid(row=r, column=c, sticky=tk.N+tk.W+tk.E,padx=5, pady=5)
r +=1
self.btn_reset = tk.Button(b,
text="Reset",
underline=0,
command = self.switch,
bg='#5D1725',
bd=0,
fg='white')
self.btn_reset.grid(row=r, column=c, sticky=tk.N+tk.W+tk.E,padx=5, pady=5)
b.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.N+tk.W+tk.S+tk.E)
def on_import(self, evt=None):
self.switch()
#simulate some import
self.after(5000, self.switch())
def switch(self,):
state = self.btn_import["state"]
if state == tk.ACTIVE:
self.btn_import["state"] = tk.DISABLED
self.btn_ocr["state"] = tk.NORMAL
self.btn_merge["state"] = tk.NORMAL
else:
self.btn_import["state"] = tk.NORMAL
self.btn_ocr["state"] = tk.DISABLED
self.btn_merge["state"] = tk.DISABLED
def on_ocr(self, evt=None):
state = self.btn_ocr["state"]
print ("ocr button state is {0}".format(state))
def on_merge(self, evt=None):
state = self.btn_merge["state"]
print ("merge button state is {0}".format(state))
def on_close(self, evt=None):
self.parent.on_exit()
class App(tk.Tk):
"""Main Application start here"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__()
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.on_exit)
self.set_style()
self.set_title(kwargs['title'])
Main(self, *args, **kwargs)
def set_style(self):
self.style = ttk.Style()
#('winnative', 'clam', 'alt', 'default', 'classic', 'vista', 'xpnative')
self.style.theme_use("clam")
def set_title(self, title):
s = "{0}".format('Simple App')
self.title(s)
def on_exit(self):
"""Close all"""
if messagebox.askokcancel(self.title(), "Do you want to quit?", parent=self):
self.destroy()
def main():
args = []
for i in sys.argv:
args.append(i)
kwargs = {"style":"clam", "title":"Simple App",}
app = App(*args, **kwargs)
app.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
I'm trying to wrap my head around this problem.
Say I have a code like this:
def get_input(data_A, data_B):
all_data = [data_A.get(),dataB.get()]
return(all_data)
def the_gui():
root = Tk()
data_A = Entry(root)
data_B = Entry(root)
button = Button(root, text='Submit', command=lambda: get_input(data_A, data_B))
mainloop()
My goal is to get the value of data_A and data_B once I clicked the submit button.
I tried to use global variable and everything, but I kept failing to catch the value.
The only thing that works is when I put the whole get_input() function inside the_gui() function. However, I don't think that's a good practice to implement.
Any suggestions?
Here is a simple example of how you could write this to get the results you are looking for.
When using global is that all your root window and related fields are in a function. So you would have to define global in both function and this is not what you want to do.
Typically you will want to write the root window in the global namespace and not in a function or write it into a class so you can avoid global's all-together.
button = Button(...) may not be doing what you think it is. This does not return a value from the command once clicked. Tkinter buttons do not care about anything being returned. So you have to record that value elsewhere.
I am not sure how you code is working as you do not use geometry managers and mainloop() should be attached to the root window so I have added those in as well.
Example 1:
import tkinter as tk
def get_input():
global a_and_b
a_and_b = [data_a.get(), data_b.get()]
# If you want to keep a running record of all values submitted
# then you can do this instead:
# a_and_b.append([data_a.get(), data_b.get()])
def print_a_b():
print(a_and_b)
root = tk.Tk()
a_and_b = []
data_a = tk.Entry(root)
data_b = tk.Entry(root)
data_a.pack()
data_b.pack()
tk.Button(root, text='Submit', command=get_input).pack()
tk.Button(root, text='Print A/B List', command=print_a_b).pack()
root.mainloop()
Example 2 using OOP:
import tkinter as tk
class App(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.a_and_b = []
self.data_a = tk.Entry(self)
self.data_b = tk.Entry(self)
self.data_a.pack()
self.data_b.pack()
tk.Button(self, text='Submit', command=self.get_input).pack()
tk.Button(self, text='Print A/B List', command=self.print_a_b).pack()
def get_input(self):
self.a_and_b = [self.data_a.get(), self.data_b.get()]
def print_a_b(self):
print(self.a_and_b)
if __name__ == '__main__':
App().mainloop()
I am trying to remove these elements from the grid. I was able to delete all of them by writing out one by one. I then wrote a for loop to make it expandable, then I run into this error message.
"employee.destroy()
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'destroy'"
This is part of a bigger program, but as much as I can reduce to the core problem, here is my code:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
labelemployee={}
class Application(ttk.Frame): #inherent from frame.
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, bg="LightBlue4")
self.parent = parent
self.Employees = ["A", "B", "C", "D"]
self.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
self.GUI()
def GUI(self): #the function that runs all the GUI functions.
self.buttons()
self.create_grid()
self.add_left_names()
def remove(self):
#labelemployee["A"].destroy()
#labelemployee["B"].destroy()
#labelemployee["C"].destroy()
#labelemployee["D"].destroy()
for employee in labelemployee:
employee.destroy()
def create_grid(self):
for i in range (7):
for j in range(7):
self.label = tk.Label(self, relief="ridge", width=12,
height=3)
self.label.grid(row=i, column=j, sticky='nsew')
def buttons(self):
self.button=tk.Button(self, text="Clear", bg="salmon", command
= self.remove)
self.button.grid(row=7, column=6, sticky='e')
def add_left_names(self):
#--------add in name labels on the side--------------
i=2
for employee in self.Employees:
self.label=tk.Label(self, text=employee , fg="red",
bg="snow")
self.label.grid(row=i,column=0)
labelemployee[employee]=self.label
i +=1
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("class basic window")
root.geometry("1000x500")
root.config(background="LightBlue4")
app = Application(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Please help me. I think the problem is my for loop is stored a list, and I have a dictionary. So, then I guess i don't know how to destroy labels in a dictionary.
You have already figured out the issue in those comments !
You already know that labelemployee is a dictionary, so iterating over it will give you, by default, the keys of the dictionary. So employee will be strings like A, B... and so on. And destroying a string object will obviously give you an error. You need to destroy the corresponding tkinter widget. So for that, you should replace employee.destroy() with labelemployee[employee].destroy() in the for loop.