def update(login_info):
stids = 001
file = open('regis.txt', 'r+')
for line in file:
if stids in line:
x = eval(line)
print(x)
c = input('what course you would like to update >> ')
get = x.get(c)
print('This is your current mark for the course', get)
mark = input('What is the new mark? >>')
g = mark.upper()
x.update({c: g})
file.write(str(x))
Before writing into the file
After writing into the file
This is what happens in the idle
As you can see, the system is not writing the data into the original dictionary. How can we improve on that? Pls, explain in detail. Thx all
Python doesn't just make relations like that. In Python's perspective, you are reading a regular text file, executing a command from the line read. That command creates an object which has no relationship to the line it was created from. But writing to the file should still work in my opinion. But you moved a line further (because you read the line where the data was and now you are at the end of it).
When you read a file, the position of where we are on the file changes. Iterating over the file like that (i.e for line in file:) invokes implicitly next() on the file. For efficiency reasons, positioning is disabled (file.tell() will not tell the current position). When you wrote to the file, for some reason you appended the text to the end, and if you test it it will no longer continue the loop even though it is still on the second line.
Reading and writing at the same time looks like an undefined behaviour.
Beginner Python: Reading and writing to the same file
Related
I am trying to make a game, where your score saves as a text file. The score (clicks) must always be on the second line and save per user. Every time a user saves, I would like the second line of the text file to be replaced with the new score.
I have tried using loads of things suggested on stack overflow, like the os.replace or os.resub, but none work.
def save():
global userlog
global clicks
score = open(directory + "/" + userlog + ".txt", "r+")
#### On this line, I want some code that will replace the second line in the text file listed above.
for i in range(random.randint(2,5)):
print("Saving")
time.sleep(0.10)
print("Saving.")
time.sleep(0.10)
print("Saving..")
time.sleep(0.10)
print("Saving...")
time.sleep(0.10)
print("\nGame Saved Sucessfully!")
I have not had anything work. Just getting some standard error messages.
Any help will be appreciated :)
Thanks :)
an illustration of my comment - your save function could do something like
# load previously logged information
with open(logfile, 'r') as fobj:
log = fobj.readlines()
# replace line 2 with some new info
log[1] = 'some new info\n'
# overwrite existing logfile
with open(logfile, 'w') as fobj:
for line in log:
fobj.write(line)
In principle you could also use open() in r+ mode as you wrote in the question. That would require you to use seek() (see e.g. here) to get the file pointer to the position you want to write at - a more complicated option which I would not recommend.
I'm new to working with python-chess and I was perusing the official documentation. I noticed this very weird thing I just can't make sense of. This is from the documentation:
import chess.pgn
pgn = open("data/pgn/kasparov-deep-blue-1997.pgn")
first_game = chess.pgn.read_game(pgn)
second_game = chess.pgn.read_game(pgn)
So as you can see the exact same function pgn.read_game() results in two different games to show up. I tried with my own pgn file and sure enough first_game == second_game resulted in False. I also tried third_game = chess.pgn.read_game() and sure enough that gave me the (presumably) third game from the pgn file. How is this possible? If I'm using the same function shouldn't it return the same result every time for the same file? Why should the variable name matter(I'm assuming it does) unless programming languages changed overnight or there's a random function built-in somewhere?
The only way that this can be possible is if some data is changing. This could be data that chess.pgn.read_game reads from elsewhere, or could be something to do with the object you're passing in.
In Python, file-like objects store where they are in the file. If they didn't, then this code:
with open("/home/wizzwizz4/Documents/TOPSECRET/diary.txt") as f:
line = f.readline()
while line:
print(line, end="")
line = f.readline()
would just print the first line over and over again. When data's read from a file, Python won't give you that data again unless you specifically ask for it.
There are multiple games in this file, stored one after each other. You're passing in the same file each time, but you're not resetting the read cursor to the beginning of the file (f.seek(0)) or closing and reopening the file, so it's going to read the next data available – i.e., the next game.
I am working through "Learn Python 3 the Hard Way" and am making code more concise. Lines 11 to 18 of the program below (line 1 starts at # program: p17.py) are relevant to my question. Opening and reading a file are very easy and it is easy to see how you close the file you open when working with the files. The original section is commented out and I include the concise code on line 16. I commented out the line of code that causes an error (on line 20):
$ python3 p17_aside.py p17_text.txt p17_to_file_3.py
Copying from p17_text.txt to p17_to_file_3.py
This is text.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "p17_aside.py", line 20, in
indata.close()
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'close'
Code is below:
# program: p17.py
# This program copies one file to another. It uses the argv function as well
# as exists - from sys and os.path modules respectively
from sys import argv
from os.path import exists
script, from_file, to_file = argv
print(f"Copying from {from_file} to {to_file}")
# we could do these two on one line, how?
#in_file = open(from_file)
#indata = in_file.read()
#print(indata)
# THE ANSWER -
indata = open(from_file).read()
# The next line was used for testing
print(indata)
# indata.close()
So my question is should I just avoid the practice of combining commands as done above or is there a way to properly deal with that situation so files are closed when they should be? Is it necessary to deal with the situation of closing a file at all in this situation?
Context manager and with statement is a comfortable way to make sure your file is closed as needed:
with open(from_file) as fobj:
indata = fobj.read()
Nowadays, you can also use Path-like objects and their read_text and read_bytes methods:
# This assumes Path from pathlib has been imported
indata = Path(from_file).read_text()
The error you were seeing... is because you were not trying to close the file, but str into which you've read its content into. You'd need to assign object returned by open a name, and then read from and close that one:
fobj = open(from_file)
indata = fobj.read()
fobj.close() # This is OK
Strictly speaking, you would not need to close that file as dangling file descriptors would be "clobbered" with the process. Esp. in a short example like this, it would be of relatively little concern.
I hope I got the follow up question in comment correctly to extend on this a bit more.
If you wanted a single command, look at the pathtlib.Path example above.
With open as such, you cannot perform read and close in a single operation and without assigning result of open to a variable. As both read and close would have to be performed on the same object returned by open. If you do:
var = fobj.read()
Now, var refers to content read out of the file (so nothing that you could close, would have a close method).
If you did:
open(from_file).close()
After (but also before; at any point), you would simply open that file (again) and close it immediately. BTW. this returns None, just in case you wanted to get the return value. But it would not affect previously open file handles and file-like objects. It would not serve any practical purpose except for perhaps making sure you can open a file.
But again. It's a good practice to perform the housekeeping, but strictly speaking (and esp. in a short code like this). If you did not close the file and relied on the OS to clean-up after your process. It'd work fine.
How about the following:
# to open the file and read it
indata = open(from_file).read()
print(indata)
# this closes the file - just the opposite of opening and reading
open(from_file).close()
stackoverflow.
I've been trying to get the following code to create a .txt file, write some string on it and then print some message if said string was in the file. This is merely a study for a more complex project, but even given it's simplicity, it's still not working.
Code:
import io
file = open("C:\\Users\\...\\txt.txt", "w+") #"..." is the rest of the file destination
file.write('wololo')
if "wololo" in file.read():
print ("ok")
This function always skips the if as if there was no "wololo" inside the file, even though I've checked it all times and it was properly in there.
I'm not exactly sure what could be the problem, and I've spend a great deal of time searching everywhere for a solution, all to no avail. What could be wrong in this simple code?
Oh, and if I was to search for a string in a much bigger .txt file, would it still be wise to use file.read()?
Thanks!
When you write to your file, the cursor is moved to the end of your file. If you want to read the data aferwards, you'll have to move the cursor to the beginning of the file, such as:
file = open("txt.txt", "w+")
file.write('wololo')
file.seek(0)
if "wololo" in file.read():
print ("ok")
file.close() # Remember to close the file
If the file is big, you should consider to iterate over the file line by line instead. This would avoid that the entire file is stored in memory. Also consider using a context manager (the with keyword), so that you don't have to explicitly close the file yourself.
with open('bigdata.txt', 'rb') as ifile: # Use rb mode in Windows for reading
for line in ifile:
if 'wololo' in line:
print('OK')
else:
print('String not in file')
I'm new both to this site and python, so go easy on me. Using Python 3.3
I'm making a hangman-esque game, and all is working bar one aspect. I want to check whether a string is in a .txt file, and if not, write it on a new line at the end of the .txt file. Currently, I can write to the text file on a new line, but if the string already exists, it still writes to the text file, my code is below:
Note that my text file has each string on a seperate line
write = 1
if over == 1:
print("I Win")
wordlibrary = file('allwords.txt')
for line in wordlibrary:
if trial in line:
write = 0
if write == 1:
with open("allwords.txt", "a") as text_file:
text_file.write("\n")
text_file.write(trial)
Is this really the indentation from your program?
As written above, in the first iteration of the loop on wordlibrary,
the trial is compared to the line, and since (from your symptoms) it is not contained in the first line, the program moves on to the next part of the loop: since write==1, it will append trial to the text_file.
cheers,
Amnon
You dont need to know the number of lines present in the file beforehand. Just use a file iterator. You can find the documentation here : http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#bltin-file-objects
Pay special attention to the readlines method.