How to import a module from another package in python3? - python-3.x

Currently i'm having a file structure like below.
├── src
│ ├── common
│ │ ├──constants.py
│ │ └──configs.py
│ ├── utils
│ │ ├──module1.py
│ │ └──module2.py
│ └── service
│ │ ├──module3.py
│ │ └──module24.py
│ └── main.py
├── test
│ ├── utils
│ │ ├──test_module1.py
│ │ └──test_module2.py
My test_module1.py includes
# test_module1.py
import sys
sys.path.append("./.")
from src.utils.module1 import filter_file
from unittest import TestCase, main, mock
utils/module1.py includes
# module1.py
from common.constants import LOG_FORMAT, TIME_FORMAT
...
Here, when i try to run test_module1.py file from root i get an error saying that,
$- python3 test/utils/test_module1.py
$- ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'common.constants'
what is the issue here

Tested it, works like this on Windows:
├── src
│ └── utils
│ └──lib.py
├── test
│ └── utils
│ └──bla.py
lib.py:
def test():
print("woo")
bla.py:
import os
import sys
sys.path.append(".." + os.sep + "..")
from src.utils.lib import test
test()

Related

How to import routes flask

I am a beginner with Flask and I have created a project with an MVC structure
CODE :
.
├── app
│. │── main.py
│ ├── controllers
│ │ ├── dbscan.py
│ │ ├── home.py
│ │ └── kmeans.py
│ ├── models
│ │ ├── dbscan.py
│ │ └── kmeans.py
│ ├── static
│ │ └── XXXX
│ └── views
│ └── XXXX
└── main.py
File main.py
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(
__name__,
template_folder='app/views',
static_folder='app/static'
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(debug=True)
File home.py
from flask import render_template
#app.route("/")
def home():
return render_template('home.html')
ISSUE :
I already understood the problem but I don't know how to fix it...
There is no link between the controllers files and the main.py
So, how I can link all routes present in controllers folder and main.py ?
UPDATE :
home.py
from flask import Blueprint, render_template
home_hdl = Blueprint('home_hdl', __name__, template_folder='views')
#home_hdl.route("/")
def home():
return render_template('home.html')
main.py
from flask import Flask
from app.controllers.home import home_hdl
app = Flask(
__name__,
template_folder='app/views',
static_folder='app/static'
)
app.register_blueprint(home_hdl)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(debug=True)
Folders
.
├── app
│ ├── controllers
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── dbscan.py
│ │ ├── home.py
│ │ └── kmeans.py
│ ├── main.py
│ ├── models
│ │ └── XXXX
│ ├── static
│ │ └── XXXX
│ └── views
│ └── XXXX
└── XXXX
Try this
Define a handler in each of the files you have under the controllers folder (the ones that will handle routing).
E.g. for the dbscan.py, you could have
from flask import Blueprint
dbscan_handlers = Blueprint('dbscan_handlers', __name__, template_folder='views')
# Your routes (in the dbscan.py file) will then be something like this
#dbscan_handlers.route('/xyz/'):
.....
#dbscan_handlers.route('/def/'):
....
Then you register the handler in main.py
from controllers.dbscan import dbscan_handlers
app.register_blueprint(dbscan_handlers)
Note that to do from controllers.abc import xyz, you need to have an __init.py__ file in controllers. The file can be empty.
When someone accesses your app, it will go to main.py and if the route is of the pattern /xyz/, it will be handled by dbscan.py file

Problem with importing a module in a Python3 script

I got this error: ImportError: cannot import name 'admin' from ' admin.blueprint' after I'm in the module blueprint.py imported Post from models.py please help me to understand the structure of the application in order to avoid such errors in the future.
<module main.py>
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from admin.blueprint import admin
from config import Config
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(Config)
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
app.register_blueprint(admin, url_prefix='/admin')
import views
if __name__ == '__main__'
db.create_all()
app.run(debug=True)`
<module blueprint.py>
from flask import Blueprint, redirect, render_template, request, url_for
from config import ConfigAdmin
from models import Post
admin = Blueprint('admin', __name__, template_folder='templates', static_folder='static')
#admin.route('/')
def admin_login():
return render_template('admin/admin-login.html')
#admin.route('/admin-panel', methods=['POST'])
def admin_panel():
if request.form['username'] == ConfigAdmin.ADMIN_NAME and request.form['password'] == ConfigAdmin.ADMIN_PASS:
return render_template('admin/admin-panel.html')
else:
return redirect(url_for('admin.admin_login'))
#admin.route('/create-post')
def create_post():
return render_template('admin/create-post.html')
#admin.route('/add-post', methods=['POST'])
def add_post():
if request.method == 'POST':
body = Post(post_title=request.form['title'], post_text=request.form['article'], post_img=redirect.form['file'])
db.session.add(body)
db.session.commit()
return redirect(url_for('index'))
else:
return "Err"
<module models.py>
from main import db
class Admin(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(20), unique=True)
passw = db.Column(db.String(20), unique=True)
class Post(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
title = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True)
text = db.Column(db.String(500), unique=True)
img = db.Column(db.String(50))
[error][1]
[structure][2]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/cgrbH.png
[2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/fDr7O.png
Have you tried creating the following app? Flask Tutorial App - Flaskr blog
I highly recommend following this structure if you're starting out.
looks as follows:
/home/user/Projects/flask-tutorial
├── flaskr/
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── db.py
│ ├── schema.sql
│ ├── auth.py
│ ├── blog.py
│ ├── templates/
│ │ ├── base.html
│ │ ├── auth/
│ │ │ ├── login.html
│ │ │ └── register.html
│ │ └── blog/
│ │ ├── create.html
│ │ ├── index.html
│ │ └── update.html
│ └── static/
│ └── style.css
├── tests/
│ ├── conftest.py
│ ├── data.sql
│ ├── test_factory.py
│ ├── test_db.py
│ ├── test_auth.py
│ └── test_blog.py
├── venv/
├── setup.py
└── MANIFEST.in
If you would like it to function in your current app I suggest you create a admin.py inside the same folder as your main.py
from flask import Blueprint, redirect, render_template, request, url_for
from config import ConfigAdmin
from models import Post
bp = Blueprint('admin', __name__, template_folder='templates', static_folder='static')
then import it in main.py as follows
from admin import bp as adminbp
app.register_blueprint(adminbp, url_prefix='/admin')

How to create react app using create-react-app with reactjs 15 version [closed]

Closed. This question is opinion-based. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Update the question so it can be answered with facts and citations by editing this post.
Closed 2 years ago.
Improve this question
I have a project which is written 3 years ago in reactjs 15 version and also it is single tier architecture project. I am right now converting it to 3 tier project architecture. So I thought of having the react part alone. My question is how should I create a reactJS folder structure using the new create-react-app and add the already existing code into it. I know this question might be broad. But any steps will help me to better understand the structure to be followed in react. Its been like only 2 months I am learning reactjs.
"react": "^15.6.1",
"react-csv": "^1.0.8",
"react-custom-scrollbars": "^4.2.1",
"react-dom": "^15.6.1",
"react-dropzone": "^4.2.3",
"react-flipcard": "^0.2.1",
"react-notification-system": "^0.2.16",
"react-pdf": "^2.4.2",
"react-router": "^3.0.0",
"react-router-dom": "^4.2.2",
"react-stars": "^2.2.5",
"react-table": "^6.7.4",
"react-tabs-navigation": "^0.4.4",
"react-toastr": "^2.8.2",
"semantic-ui-react": "^0.63.5",
"superagent": "^3.8.1",
"universal-cookie": "^2.1.0",
"url-loader": "^4.1.0",
"x-frame-options": "^1.0.0"
I would recommend you to make components folder in src folder. There you can structure components to atoms, molecules, organisms, templates and pages if you are a fan of a Atomic design as I am. From there every component should be separated in separate folder and have component.types.js/ts, component.constants.js/ts, component.scss, component.js/tsx. Types would refer to prop and any other types related to that component. Constants, components and scss file are quite obvious as for what they are used. Also you can have test folder in every component where you can write tests.
Also you can have common folder in src where you can put your utility files, for example custom hooks, http setup etc.
Another important folder in src is config. All config your app needs can be in there in different files if that is needed.
Last but not the least is assests foloder inside src. As name suggests you put all of your static assets (fonts, images, videos...).
I think this is very good basis to start from and expand your folder structure as you see fit and as project is needed. Also none of this i strict to naming but those are some conventions that you can read here.
awesome-app
├── src
│ ├── components
│ │ ├── atoms
│ │ │ ├── button
│ │ │ │ ├── button.types.ts
│ │ │ │ ├── button.component.tsx
│ │ │ │ ├── button.constants.ts
│ │ │ │ ├── button.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── test
│ │ │ │ ├── button.test.tsx
│ │ │ │ └── ...
│ │ │ └── ...
│ │ ├── molecules
│ │ │ ├── action-card
│ │ │ │ ├── action-card.types.ts
│ │ │ │ ├── action-card.component.tsx
│ │ │ │ ├── action-card.constants.ts
│ │ │ │ ├── action-card.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── test
│ │ │ │ ├── action-card.test.tsx
│ │ │ │ └── ...
│ │ │ └── ...
│ │ ├── organisms
│ │ │ ├── school-module-row
│ │ │ │ ├── school-module-row.types.ts
│ │ │ │ ├── school-module-row.component.tsx
│ │ │ │ ├── school-module-row.constants.ts
│ │ │ │ ├── school-module-row.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── test
│ │ │ │ ├── school-module-row.test.tsx
│ │ │ │ └── ...
│ │ │ └── ...
│ │ ├── pages
│ │ │ ├── users-page
│ │ │ │ ├── users-page.types.ts
│ │ │ │ ├── users-page.component.tsx
│ │ │ │ ├── users-page.constants.ts
│ │ │ │ ├── users-page.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── test
│ │ │ │ ├── users-page.test.tsx
│ │ │ │ └── ...
│ │ │ └── ...
│ ├── styles
│ │ ├── base
│ │ │ ├── _base.scss
│ │ │ ├── _font.scss
│ │ │ └── ...
│ │ └── ...
│ │
│ ├── assets
│ │ ├── fonts
│ │ │ └── ...
│ │ ├── images
│ │ │ └── ...
│ │ └── ...
│ ├── config
│ │ └── ...
│ └── redux
└── actions
└── ...

Python flask directory structure for service layer?

I'm an aspnet core developer and trying to do a test project in python using the flask framework. But because of my lack of understanding of the structure of python projects I'm having hard time compiling it. I don't understand why does it care if I keep my python file in another directory. In C# you can access all classes inside the same namespace without importing anything.
Here's my python flask project structure looks like. I can't seem to work it with this way. I'm trying to import my home_service.py inside home.py file where home routes are present (in aspnet's term controller) and the logger doesn't seem to be accessible either.
And home_service.py can't import db_util.py either.
Would any python flask expert please guide me in the right direction?
/../../Projects/flask-test-project
├── test-project/
│ ├── __init__.py
│ └── static/
│ └── site.css
│ ├── templates/
│ │ ├── layout.html
│ │ ├── home.html
│ │ ├── offerings.html
│ │ ├── login.html
│ │ ├── register.html
│ │ ├── 404.html
│ │ ├── 500.html
│ ├── views/
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── home.py
│ │ ├── offerings.py
│ │ ├── login.py
│ │ ├── register.py
│ ├── service/
│ │ ├── home_service.py
│ │ ├── db_util.py
├── flask-venv-for-ubuntu/
├── requirements.txt
└── run.py
**run.py**
from test-project import app
from datetime import datetime
import logging
todays_date = datetime.today().strftime('%Y%m%d')
logging.basicConfig(filename='error'+ todays_date+'.log',level=logging.Trace)
app.run(debug=True)
app.logger.trace(“Inside run.py”)
**__init__.py**
from flask import g, Blueprint, request
from psycopg2
# $ pip install sentry-sdk[flask]
from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException
app = Flask(__name__)
#app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found(error):
return render_template('404.html')
#app.errorhandler(HTTPException)
def handle_exception(e):
app.logger.error(e)
return render_template(“500.html”)
#app.teardown_appcontext
def close_connection():
db = getattr(g, '_database', None)
if db is not None:
db.close()
from test-project.views import home
from test-project.views import login
from test-project.views import register
from test-project.views import offerings
app.register_blueprint(home.mod)
app.register_blueprint(login.mod)
app.register_blueprint(register.mod)
app.register_blueprint(offerings.mod)
**db_util.py**
from flask import g
import psycopg2
POSTGRES_CONNECTIONSTRING = “……...”
def get_db():
db = getattr(g, '_database', None)
if db is None:
db = g._database = psycopg2.connect(POSTGRES_CONNECTIONSTRING)
return db
def query_db(query, args=(), one=False):
try:
cur = get_db().execute(query, args)
rv = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
return (rv[0] if rv else None) if one else rv
finally:
if(cur)
cur.close()
**home_service.py**
import db_util
def get_something
app.logger.Debug(“get_something started”)
return query_db(“select count(*) as myCount from table1;”)
**home.py**
import home_service
mod = Flask(“home”,__name__)
#mod.route(“/something”)
def something():
app.logger.Debug(“get_something started”)
return render_template(“home.html”, count_of_table1=get_something().myCount)
Please don't recommend me to use SQLAlchemy or any other orm. I want to do it my way. Thanks!

Python ModuleNotFoundError. Probably a simple mistake

I am trying to setup up some test cases using pytest for a project i'm working on and have setup my directory like so.
C:.
│ OpenGLTestCase.py
│ Sprite.py
│ SpriteManager.py
│ SpriteRenderer.py
│ Texture.py
│ __init__.py
│
├───.pytest_cache
│ │ .gitignore
│ │ CACHEDIR.TAG
│ │ README.md
│ │
│ └───v
│ └───cache
│ lastfailed
│ nodeids
│ stepwise
│
├───tests
│ │ colorGrid.png
│ │ OpenGLTestCaseExample.py
│ │ OpenGLTestCaseExample2.py
│ │ test.png
│ │ test.svg
│ │ test2.png
│ │ test3.png
│ │ test_over_colorGrid_at_128left_256_top.png
│ │ test_over_uvGrid_at_128left_256_top.png
│ │ test_render_image_expected.png
│ │ test_render_triangle_expected.png
│ │ test_sprite_manager.py
│ │ test_Texture.py
│ │ uvGrid.png
│ │
│ └───__pycache__
│ test_sprite_manager.cpython-37-pytest-5.0.0.pyc
│ test_sprite_manager.cpython-37-PYTEST.pyc
│ test_Texture.cpython-37-pytest-5.0.0.pyc
│ test_Texture.cpython-37-PYTEST.pyc
│
└───__pycache__
OpenGLTestCase.cpython-37.pyc
Sprite.cpython-37.pyc
SpriteManager.cpython-37.pyc
SpriteRenderer.cpython-37.pyc
Texture.cpython-37.pyc
__init__.cpython-37.pyc
The parent folder that holds all of this is called "pygameOpenGLUtil". I have my main 4 files in the highest directory along with my __init__.py. When I try and run pytest at this level it says throws a "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pygameOpenGLUtil'". This thrown in my test_sprite_manager.py file. I've gotten this to work in other projects before but I can't seem to figure out what is wrong with this one I am sure i'm just forgetting something small.
Here is my __init__.py:
from .OpenGLTestCase import *
from .Sprite import *
from .SpriteManager import *
from .SpriteRenderer import *
from .Texture import *
And here is my test_sprite_manager.py:
import pygame
from OpenGL.GL import *
from pygameOpenGLUtil import *
class SpriteManagerTest(OpenGLTestCase):
def test_add_sprite(self):
test_sprite_map = SpriteManager()
test_sprite_one = Sprite(test_sprite_map)
test_sprite_one = Sprite(test_sprite_map)
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
I am running python3.7.3 and pytest version 5.0.0

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