Django admin link at user model from another in list - python-3.x

Question

In my django admin i have a model that link to user, i would have n my list create a link for pass to related user id editing page directly from connected models, i do:
class a_cards(models.Model):
CK_CHOICES = (
('A', 'Ambassador'),
('M', 'Medico'),
('P', 'Paziente'),
('S', 'Senator'),
)
c_num = models.CharField(max_length=200, unique=True,
null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="Numero card")
c_data = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
c_type = models.CharField(
max_length=1, choices=CK_CHOICES, verbose_name="Tipo utenza")
c_email = models.CharField(max_length=200, unique=True,
null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="Notifica Email")
c_agente = models.ForeignKey(AgenteProfile, on_delete=models.CASCADE,
null=True, blank=True, related_name="ag_id", verbose_name="Agente")
c_user = models.OneToOneField(User, null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="Cliente" )
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Cards'
verbose_name_plural = 'Cards'
def user_link(self):
if self.c_user:
return '%s' % (reverse("admin:auth_user_change", args=(self.c_user.id,)) , escape(self.c_user))
user_link.allow_tags = True
user_link.short_description = "User"
def __str__(self):
return self.c_num
in admin:
class cardAdmin(ImportExportModelAdmin):
list_filter = ('c_type',)
list_display = ('c_num', 'c_data', 'c_type', 'c_agente', 'user_link',)
...
but when i open my admin page i see the correct link but not in libk form:
where is the error?
why i can't have clickable link?
So many thanks in advance

Answer 1

you should use format_html for building HTML contents. so refactor your url generator method like;
class a_cards(models.Model):
....
def user_link(self):
if self.c_user:
return format_html('{text}', url=reverse("admin:auth_user_change", args=(self.c_user.id,)), text=self.c_user)
return "-"
user_link.short_description = "User"
user_link.allow_tags = True
from the docs;
All args and kwargs are passed through conditional_escape() before being passed to str.format().
so you do not need to specify extra escape().