I'm trying to follow the guide to plotting financial data on gnuplot found here:
http://gnuplot.sourceforge.net/demo/finance.html
I generated some data and tried plotting with the following script:
1 set datafile separator ","
2 set object 1 rectangle from screen 0,0 to screen 1,1 fillcolor rgb"#cccccc" behind
3
4 set xdata time
5 set timefmt "%Y-%M-%dT%H:%M:%S"
6 set format x "%d-%H"
7
8 set ylabel "Price"
9 set xlabel 'Time'
10
11 set style line 100 lt 1 lc rgb "grey" lw 0.5
12 set style line 101 lt 1 lc rgb "orange" lw 1
13
14 set grid ls 100
15 set key off
16
17 plot "lastrun.dat" using 1:2 with lines, '' using 1:3 with lines ls 101, '' using 1:4 with lines ls 101
however the resulting graph seems to not stich together the data correctly, so instead of one chart, i have three in the same space.
i'm sure i'm making a simple error but I've been stumped about what that is.
Check help time_specifiers:
%d day of the month, 01–31
%H hour, 00–23 (always two digits)
%m month, 01–12
%M minute, 0–60
%S second, integer 0–60 on output, (double) on input
%Y year, 4-digit
Related
In gnuplot, we can set object polygon to draw a polygon, including triangles, given its coordinates.
But how to do draw a set of triangles whose coordinates are stored in a file where each line is in the format <x1> <y1> <x2> <y2> <x3> <y3>?
As for rectrangles/circles, this task can be done using plot and with boxxy/with circles options, but there is no with triangles option in gnuplot.
A possible solution is to use with vectors by drawing each edge, but it is a bit complicated and this method does not support color filling.
I cannot think of a way to do this in one step; the data format does not match any of gnuplot's plotting styles.
One approach is to transform the data via a temporary file. Here is an example that works in version 5.2 and newer. If you are using a newer gnuplot then you could substitute with polygons for with filledcurves closed.
$DATA << EOD
1 1 2 2 3 1
11 11 14 14 17 11
21 21 22 22 23 21
15 5 16 6 17 5
6 6 7 7 8 6
EOD
set table "temp.dat"
plot $DATA using (sprintf("%g %g\n %g %g\n %g %g\n \n",$1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6)) with table
unset table
unset key
set style fill solid noborder
plot "temp.dat" using 1:2 with filledcurves closed fillcolor "forest-green"
Note: I was originally going to show use of a temporary datablock rather than an intermediate temporary file, but it this doesn't work because the formatted output from with table does not translate the newline characters \n into empty datablock lines.
Edit (show variable color)
The extra data field containing a RGB color must be present in every input line of the reformatted data, but only the value from the first vertex of each polygon is used. The sprintf format in this example has been modified to reproduce the color (NB: hexadecimal integer value) from the original data file accordingly, with zeros for the dummy values in the remaining polygon vertices.
$DATA << EOD
1 1 2 2 3 1 0x00ffff
11 11 14 14 17 11 0x191970
21 21 22 22 23 21 0x2e8b57
15 5 16 6 17 5 0xffc020
6 6 7 7 8 6 0x8b000
EOD
set table "temp.dat"
plot $DATA using (sprintf("%g %g 0x%x\n %g %g 0\n %g %g 0\n \n",$1,$2,int($7),$3,$4,$5,$6)) with table
unset table
unset key
set style fill solid noborder
plot "temp.dat" using 1:2:3 with filledcurves closed fillcolor rgb variable
My suggestion would have been the same as #Ethan's. Therefore, here is an alternative approach using set object polygon.
It also requires gnuplot>=5.2 since it uses indexing of datablock lines. Hence, the data should already be in a datablock without empty or commented lines. But how to get a file into a datablock?
Either something like:
set table $Data
plot FILE u 1:2:3:4:5:6:7 w table
unset table
or alternatively see here: gnuplot: load datafile 1:1 into datablock
Script:
### draw some colored triangles from a datablock
reset session
$Data <<EOD
0 0 2 1 1 2 0xff0000
5 1 3 2 4 4 0x00ff00
3 3 2 5 1 4 0x0000ff
EOD
vx(n,t) = word($Data[n],t*2-1) # vertex x-coordinate
vy(n,t) = word($Data[n],t*2) # vertex y-coordinate
color(n) = word($Data[n],7) # triangle color
set linetype 1 lc rgb "black"
do for [n=1:|$Data|] {
set obj n polygon from vx(n,1),vy(n,1) to vx(n,2),vy(n,2) to vx(n,3),vy(n,3) to vx(n,1),vy(n,1)
set obj n fc rgb color(n) fs solid 0.5 border lt 1 lw 3
}
set size square
set xrange[0:5]
set yrange[0:5]
plot NaN notitle # or plot something else
### end of script
Result:
Addition:
Alternatively, similar to Ethan's solution, plotting triangles instead of drawing triangles, but without using a temporary file on disk (but a datablock). The result is identical to the graph above. I haven't tested whether drawing or plotting is faster and/or more efficient if you want to draw/plot thousands of triangles.
Script:
### plot some colored triangles from a datablock
reset session
$Data <<EOD
0 0 2 1 1 2 0xff0000
5 1 3 2 4 4 0x00ff00
3 3 2 5 1 4 0x0000ff
EOD
vx(n,t) = word($Data[n],t*2-1) # vertex x-coordinate
vy(n,t) = word($Data[n],t*2) # vertex y-coordinate
color(n) = word($Data[n],7) # triangle color
set print $Triangles
do for [n=1:|$Data|] {
print sprintf("%s %s %s\n%s %s 0\n%s %s 0\n%s %s 0\n\n", \
vx(n,1),vy(n,1),color(n), vx(n,2),vy(n,2), vx(n,3),vy(n,3), vx(n,1),vy(n,1))
}
set print
set size square
set xrange[0:5]
set yrange[0:5]
set linetype 1 lc rgb "black" lw 3
set style fill solid 0.5
plot $Triangles u 1:2:3 w filledcurves lc rgb var notitle
### end of script
I have to "reinvent" a diagram like the following:
My problem is, the "filledcurves" option does not work correctly, if I use the different scaled y-axis.
set y2tics textcolor rgb "black"
set ytics nomirror
set yrange [0:80]
set y2range [0:180]
set key off
set grid dashtype 5 # auch dt ".-." möglich
plot "klima_flach.txt" using 1:3:4 with filledcurves x1,\
"" using 1:4 with lines axis x1y2,\
"" using 1:3:xtic(2) with lines axis x1y1
The used data is the following:
0 0 11 50
1 J 10 70
2 F 11 42
3 M 12 50
4 A 15 50
5 M 18 20
6 J 22 10
7 J 25 1
8 A 25 20
9 S 23 40
10 O 20 80
11 N 25 70
12 D 11 60
Any ideas, how I can get this problem solved?
By the way: A pattern as in the original diagram... possible or not?
#Wolfgang Höfer, the scaling between the axes in such type of Walter/Lieth-climate diagrams is 2. Hence, your y-range should be [0:90] and hence scaling factor 90./180.
Nevertheless, I assume #Christoph's answer solved your problem.
To your last question: a pattern as in your picture, i.e. a vertical hatch pattern? That's what I asked here (Hatch patterns in gnuplot) recently. Apparently, it's seems not possible in gnuplot.
Some time ago, I also "struggled" with climate diagrams, i.e. with filledcurves and even nonlinear axes. I would like to provide the code which I ended up. Maybe it will be useful to you or to others to draw such climate diagrams with gnuplot. If you are reading from a file, replace $DataIn with your filename. Suggestions and improvements are welcome.
# Walter/Lieth climate diagram with nonlinear axis
reset session
set encoding "utf8"
$DataIn <<EOD
# Mumbai/India, 18°54'N/72°49'E, 11 m
# No. Month Temperature Precipitation
1 January 23.9 3
2 February 23.9 3
3 March 26.1 3
4 April 28.1 2
5 May 29.7 18
6 June 28.9 485
7 July 27.2 617
8 August 27.0 340
9 September 27.0 264
10 October 28.1 64
11 November 27.2 13
12 December 25.6 3
EOD
# in order to be flexible for different input files
ColTemp = 3 # col# temperature
ColPrec = 4 # col# precipitation
# get location label from first commented row starting after '# '
set datafile commentschar "" # set the comment char to none
set datafile separator "\n" # data will be a full line
set table $Dummy # plot following data to a dummy table
# plots only first line 'every ::0::0' as string to the dummy table
# and assigns this line starting after the 3rd character to variable 'Location'
plot $DataIn u (Location = stringcolumn(1)[3:]) every ::0::0 with table
unset table # stop plotting to table
set datafile commentschar "#" # restore default commentschar
set datafile separator whitespace # restore default separator
set label 1 at graph 0.02,0.96 Location font ",10" # put label on graph
# set periodic boundaries, i.e. add lines of Dec and Jan again
# independent of the input format $DataIn, column1 of $Data will be the number of month
set datafile separator "\n"
set table $Data
plot $DataIn u (0):(stringcolumn(1)) every ::11::11 with table
plot $DataIn u ($0+1):(stringcolumn(1)) with table
plot $DataIn u (13):(stringcolumn(1)) every ::0::0 with table
unset table
set datafile separator whitespace
# print $Data
# settings for nonlinear scale
ScaleChangeAt = 100.
ScaleChangeFactor = 5.
f1(y) = (y<=ScaleChangeAt) ? y : ((y - ScaleChangeAt)/ScaleChangeFactor + ScaleChangeAt)
f2(y) = (y<=ScaleChangeAt) ? y : ((y - ScaleChangeAt)*ScaleChangeFactor + ScaleChangeAt)
f3(y) = f1(y)/2. # relation between axes y and y2; standard for Walter/Lieth climate diagrams
set nonlinear y2 via f1(y) inverse f2(y)
# settings for x-axis
set xrange[0.5:12.5]
set xtics 1 scale 0,1
set mxtics 2
set grid mxtics
# create months labels from local settings
do for [i=1:12] {
set xtics add (strftime("%b",strptime("%m",sprintf("%g",i))) i)
}
# settings for y- and y2-axes
stats [*:*] $DataIn u ColTemp:ColPrec nooutput
Round(m,n) = int(m/n)*n + sgn(m)*n
Ymin = STATS_min_x > 0 ? 0 : Round(STATS_min_x,10)
Ymax = 50
Y2min = Ymin < 0 ? f1(Ymin)*2 : 0
Y2max = Round(STATS_max_y,10**int(log(STATS_max_y)/log(10))) # round to next 10 or 100
# print Ymin, Ymax, Y2min, Y2max
# y-axis
set ylabel "Temperature / °C" tc rgb "red"
set yrange [Ymin:f3(Y2max)] # h(Y2max)]
set ytics 10 nomirror tc rgb "red"
# "manual" setting of ytics, up to 50°C
set ytics ("0" 0)
do for [i=Ymin:50:10] {
set ytics add (sprintf("%g",i) i)
}
# settings for y2-axis
set y2label "Precipitation / mm" tc rgb "blue"
set y2range [Y2min:Y2max]
# "manual" setting of y2tics
set y2tics nomirror tc rgb "blue"
set y2tics ("0" 0)
set grid y2tics
do for [i=20:ScaleChangeAt:20] {
set y2tics add (sprintf("%g",i) i)
}
do for [i=ScaleChangeAt:Y2max:20*ScaleChangeFactor] {
set y2tics add (sprintf("%g",i) i)
}
plot \
$Data u 1:ColTemp+1:(f3(column(ColPrec+1))) axis x1y1 w filledcurves above lc rgb "yellow" not,\
'' u 1:ColTemp+1:(f3(column(ColPrec+1))) axis x1y1 w filledcurves below fs pattern 4 fc rgb "blue" not,\
'' u 1:(f3(ScaleChangeAt)):(f3(column(ColPrec+1))) axis x1y1 w filledcurves below fs solid 1.0 fc rgb "blue" not,\
'' u 1:ColTemp+1 w l lw 2 lc rgb "red" not,\
'' u 1:ColPrec+1 axes x1y2 w l lw 2 lc rgb "blue" not
### end of code
which results in:
The filledcurves doesn't have an option for choosing different axes for the y-values in column two and three. But you are in the lucky situation, that you have fixed y-ranges. So you can define a scaling function for one of the columns:
set y2tics textcolor rgb "black"
set ytics nomirror
set yrange [0:80]
set y2range [0:180]
scale = 80.0/180.0
set key off
set grid dashtype 5 # auch dt ".-." möglich
plot "klima_flach.txt" using 1:3:(scale*$4) with filledcurves,\
"" using 1:4 with lines axis x1y2,\
"" using 1:3:xtic(2) with lines axis x1y1
Given this file of data:
#date foo bar
2018-10-12_11-54-52 12 1
2018-10-12_11-55-09 14 7
2018-10-12_11-55-16 13 10
2018-10-12_13-00-01 15 8
2018-10-12_14-00-01 12 9
and this set of plot commands:
set timefmt "%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S"
set xrange ["2018-10-12_11-54-52" : "2018-10-12_14-00-01"]
plot 'datafile.txt' using 1:2 with linespoints linestyle 1
plot 'datafile.txt' using 1:3 with linespoints linestyle 1
when I run gnuplot with gnuplot -p cmd_file.txt it errors with
line 3: Can't plot with an empty x range!
The xrange should be over 125 minutes long. Why does gnuplot think it is empty?
I'm programming a graph with axes (y "%" and x "date") and when less than 7 records have not shown well
These are the files
data.csv:
20-04-2016 96.8 95.8 100
21-04-2016 97.07 97.99 100
22-04-2016 98.05 99.5 100
23-04-2016 98.64 97.88 100
24-04-2016 98.96 98.99 100
25-04-2016 98.68 98.11 100
graph
reset
set terminal png size 1200,500
#set xlabel "Time (days)"
set xdata time
set timefmt "%d-%m-%Y"
set ylabel "Total Petitions (%)"
set yrange [95:100]
set title "Akamai"
set key reverse Left outside
set grid
set style data linespoints
plot "datos.csv" using 1:2 title "One (%)", \
"" using 1:3 title "Two (%)", \
"" using 1:4 title "Ideal (%)"
He shows me this
As shown, the dates are repeated, and I want one date per record appears.
I also like to put the date
%d-%m\n%Y
This is solved if I put 7 or more records
And this happens if I put the full date but the description of the axis x
It could put the date vertically?
Thank you very much for your help
Use set format x;
set terminal pngcairo enhanced color dashed \
rounded size 1200,500
set title "Akamai"
set xlabel "date"
set xdata time
set timefmt "%d-%m-%Y"
set format x "%d/%m\n%Y"
set xtics 86400
set nomxtics
set ylabel "Total Petitions (%)"
set yrange [95:100]
set style data linespoints
set grid
set key right bottom
set output 'user1847844.png'
plot "datos.csv" using 1:2 title "One (%)", \
"" using 1:3 title "Two (%)", \
"" using 1:4 title "Ideal (%)"
Internally, gnuplot converts datetimes to seconds. So the line set xtics 86400 basically says to make one tick per day since one day has 24*60*60 = 86400 seconds. The set nomxtics tells gnuplot to not show minor tick marks on the x-axis.
This gives:
If you want to rotate the label, use:
set format x "%d/%m/%Y"
set xtics rotate 86400
That should format the dates as a single line and rotate the labels by 90 degrees.
Update:
Note that I'm using the pngcairo terminal. This is based on the cairo graphics library. This is designed to give consistent output on all output media. But gnuplot must be compiled with cairo support for this to work.
In general, I prefer the pdfcairo terminal. This produces PDF output which can be scaled without giving pixellation effects.
Update 2:
To get consistency in my graphs, I've defined certain styles in my gnuplotrc, which I use in my graphs. The contents of my gnuplotrc are shown below.
set encoding utf8
# See https://github.com/Gnuplotting/gnuplot-palettes
# Line styles (colorbrewer Set1)
set style line 1 lc rgb '#E41A1C' pt 1 ps 1 lt 1 lw 2 # red
set style line 2 lc rgb '#377EB8' pt 6 ps 1 lt 1 lw 2 # blue
set style line 3 lc rgb '#4DAF4A' pt 2 ps 1 lt 1 lw 2 # green
set style line 4 lc rgb '#984EA3' pt 3 ps 1 lt 1 lw 2 # purple
set style line 5 lc rgb '#FF7F00' pt 4 ps 1 lt 1 lw 2 # orange
set style line 6 lc rgb '#FFFF33' pt 5 ps 1 lt 1 lw 2 # yellow
set style line 7 lc rgb '#A65628' pt 7 ps 1 lt 1 lw 2 # brown
set style line 8 lc rgb '#F781BF' pt 8 ps 1 lt 1 lw 2 # pink
# Palette
set palette maxcolors 8
set palette defined ( 0 '#E41A1C', 1 '#377EB8', 2 '#4DAF4A', 3 '#984EA3',\
4 '#FF7F00', 5 '#FFFF33', 6 '#A65628', 7 '#F781BF' )
# Standard border
set style line 11 lc rgb '#808080' lt 1 lw 3
set border 0 back ls 11
set tics out nomirror
# Standard grid
set style line 12 lc rgb '#808080' lt 0 lw 1
set grid back ls 12
unset grid
And I use a pdfcairo terminal as standard, like this.
set terminal pdfcairo enhanced color dashed font "Alegreya, 14" \
rounded size 16 cm, 9.6 cm
The font used is an example. For graphs in reports I tend to use the same font as the body text.
The plot command uses the defined styles.
plot "user1847844.d" using 1:2 ls 1 title "One (%)", \
"" using 1:3 ls 2 title "Two (%)", \
"" using 1:4 ls 3 title "Ideal (%)"
This produces a figure looking like this.
Note: Since StackOverflow doesn't accept PDF images, I converted it to a PNG using ImageMagick.
convert -density 300 <input.pdf> -quality 100 -sharpen 0x1.0 <output.png>
I have x,y values for points in the first 2 colums and a number that indicates the point type (symbol) in the 3. column, in one data file. How do I plot data points with different symbols?
Unfortunately, there isn't a way (AFAIK) to automatically set the point of the plot from a column value using vanilla GNUPLOT.
However, there is a way to get around that by setting a linestyle for each data series, and then plotting the values based on that defined style:
set style line 1 lc rgb 'red' pt 7 #Circle
set style line 2 lc rgb 'blue' pt 5 #Square
Remember that the number after pt is the point-type.
Then, all you have to do is plot (assuming that the data in "data.txt" is ordered ColX ColY Col3):
plot "data.txt" using 1:2 title 'Y Axis' with points ls 1, \
"data.txt" using 1:3 title 'Y Axis' with points ls 2
Try it here using this data (in the section titled "Data" - also note that column 3 "Symbol" is noted used, it's mainly there for illustrative purposes):
# This file is called force.dat
# Force-Deflection data for a beam and a bar
# Deflection Col-Force Symbol
0.000 0 5
0.001 104 5
0.002 202 7
0.003 298 7
And in the Plot Script Heading:
set key inside bottom right
set xlabel 'Deflection (m)'
set ylabel 'Force (kN)'
set title 'Some Data'
set style line 1 lc rgb 'red' pt 7
set style line 2 lc rgb 'blue' pt 5
plot "data.txt" using 1:2 title 'Col-Force' with points ls 1, \
"data.txt" using 1:3 title 'Beam-Force' with points ls 2
The one caveat is of course that you have have to reconfigure your data input source.
REFERENCES:
http://www.gnuplotting.org/plotting-single-points/
http://www.gnuplotting.org/plotting-data/
Here is a possible solution (which is a simple extrapolation from gnuplot conditional plotting with if), that works as long as you don't have tens of different symbols to handle.
Suppose I want to plot 2D points in a coordinate system. I have only two symbols, that I arbitrarily represented with a 0 and a 1 in the last column of my data file :
0 -0.29450470209121704 1.2279523611068726 1
1 -0.4006965458393097 1.0025811195373535 0
2 -0.7109975814819336 0.9022682905197144 1
3 -0.8540692329406738 1.0190201997756958 1
4 -0.5559651851654053 0.7677079439163208 0
5 -1.1831613779067993 1.5692367553710938 0
6 -0.24254602193832397 0.8055955171585083 0
7 -0.3412654995918274 0.6301406025886536 0
8 -0.25005266070365906 0.7788659334182739 1
9 -0.16853423416614532 0.09659398347139359 1
10 0.169997438788414 0.3473801910877228 0
11 -0.5252010226249695 -0.1398928463459015 0
12 -0.17566296458244324 0.09505800902843475 1
To achieve what I want, I just plot my file using conditionals. Using an undefined value like 1/0 results in no plotting of the given point:
# Set styles
REG_PTS = 'pointtype 7 pointsize 1.5 linecolor rgb "purple"'
NET_PTS = 'pointtype 4 pointsize 1.5 linecolor rgb "blue"'
set grid
# Plot each category with its own style
plot "data_file" u 2:($4 == 0 ? $3 : 1/0) title "regular" #REG_PTS, \
"data_file" u 2:($4 == 1 ? $3 : 1/0) title "network" #NET_PTS
Here is the result :
Hope this helps
Variable pointype (pt variable) was introduced (I guess) not until gnuplot 5.2.0 (Sept 2017) (check help points).
Just in retrospective, another (awkward) solution would be the following for those who are still using such early versions.
Data:
1 1.0 4 # empty square
2 2.0 5 # filled square
3 3.0 6 # empty circle
4 4.0 7 # filled circle
5 5.0 8 # empty triangle up
6 6.0 9 # filled triangle down
7 7.0 15 # filled pentagon (cross in gnuplot 4.6 to 5.0)
Script: (works from gnuplot>=4.6.0, March 2012; but not necessary since 5.2.0)
### variable pointtype for gnuplot>=4.6
reset
FILE = 'SO23707979.dat'
set key noautotitle
set offsets 1,1,1,1
set pointsize 4
stats FILE u 0 nooutput
N = STATS_records # get the number of rows
p0=x1=y1=NaN
plot for [n=0:N-1 ] FILE u (x0=x1, x1=$1, x0):(y0=y1, y1=$2, y0):(p0=$3) \
every ::n::n w p pt p0 lc rgb "red", \
FILE u 1:2 every ::N-1::N-1 w p pt p0 lc rgb "red"
### end of script
Result: