I cannot connect to pushbullet from ESP8266 - security

I have followed several instructions to connect from ESP8266 to Pushbullet
Here is a code snippet
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
const char* ssid = ".......";
const char* password = ".......";
const char* host = "api.pushbullet.com";
const int httpsPort = 443;
const char* PushBulletAPIKEY = "..............."; //get it from your pushbullet account
// Use web browser to view and copy
// SHA1 fingerprint of the certificate
const char* fingerprint = "2C BC 06 10 0A E0 6E B0 9E 60 E5 96 BA 72 C5 63 93 23 54 B3"; //got it using https://www.grc.com/fingerprints.htm
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
Serial.print("connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
// Use WiFiClientSecure class to create TLS connection
WiFiClientSecure client;
Serial.print("connecting to ");
Serial.println(host);
if (!client.connect(host, httpsPort)) {
Serial.println("connection failed");
return;
}
It fails on !client.connect(host, httpsPort).
Using a browser api.pushbullet.com:443 fails
https://api.pushbullet.com returns a nice JSON code
Is it possible to connect using https://api.pushbullet.com ?
Is there a port issue?
Help appreciated.
PS From RPI
curl --header 'Access-Token: o.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' \ https://api.pushbullet.com/v2/users/me
works like a charm.

Solution found.
// Use WiFiClientSecure class to create TLS connection
WiFiClientSecure client;
Serial.print("connecting to ");
Serial.println(host);
if (!client.connect(host, httpsPort)) {
Serial.println("connection failed");
return;
}
Add: <client.setInsecure();>
just below: WiFiClientSecure client;
Found it somewhere on GitHub, just sharing to help other find the solution.

Related

MH-z19 giving -1 value after some time

I'm trying make an mqtt co2 sensor for home assistant. And I got it to work, but only for a couple of hours. At some point it starts giving me -1 values instead of the proper co2 value. What could this be?
Below my code:
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Mhz19.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial softwareSerial(D3, D4);
Mhz19 sensor;
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
const char* ssid = "ID";
const char* password = "pw";
const char* MQTT_BROKER = "192.168.1.25";//"test.mosquitto.org";
int mqttPort = 1883;
const char* mqttUser ="mqtt-user";
const char* mqttPassword ="pw";
WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);
void setup_wifi() {
delay(100);
// Connect to Wi-Fi network
Serial.println();
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
randomSeed(micros());
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("Connected to Wi-Fi");
}
void reconnect() {
// Loop until connected
while (!client.connected()) {
Serial.print("Connecting to MQTT...");
if (client.connect("Test1", mqttUser, mqttPassword )) {
Serial.println("Connected to MQTT");
} else {
Serial.print("Failed MQTT connection with state: ");
Serial.println(client.state());
// Re-try in 3 seconds
delay(3000);
}
}
// Once connected, publish an announcement, and subscribe
client.publish("sensor/test", "Hello from ...");
client.subscribe("sensor/test");
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
setup_wifi(); // Connect to Wi-Fi network
client.setServer(MQTT_BROKER, mqttPort);
//client.setCallback(callback);
reconnect(); // Connect to MQTT broker
softwareSerial.begin(9600);
sensor.begin(&softwareSerial);
sensor.setMeasuringRange(Mhz19MeasuringRange::Ppm_5000);
sensor.enableAutoBaseCalibration();
Serial.println("Preheating..."); // Preheating, 3 minutes
while (!sensor.isReady()) {
delay(50);
}
Serial.println("Sensor Ready...");
}
void loop() {
if (!client.connected()) { reconnect(); }
//client.publish("Time", ctime(&now));
auto carbonDioxide = sensor.getCarbonDioxide();
if (carbonDioxide >= 0) {
Serial.println(String(carbonDioxide) + " ppm");
}
char co2String[8];
dtostrf(carbonDioxide, 1,0, co2String);
//Serial.println(co2String);
client.publish("Floating/climate/CO2", co2String);
delay(2000);
}
I also tried flashing it via ESPHome, but then I run into issues from UART. The chip doesn't work propperly as long as the sensor is connected to it.
The sensor may not be receiving enough current. Try connecting the sensor directly to a separate breadboard power supply. The sensor seems to have a warm up time. Try waiting for longer with the independent power supply connected. I hope this will solve your issue.
Thank You,
Naveen PS

ESP8266 not connected in Azure Iot Hub, return state -2

I'm trying to connect my ESP8266 to Azure Hub IoT, but I'm not getting it. I've already followed examples and I get the return rc = -2.
I use https://github.com/knolleary/pubsubclient libary.
I used the library example and other examples and nothing being able to connect to Azure Hub IoT.
Error this line
client.connect(dispositivo, usuario_mqtt, senha_mqtt)
My code
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
const char* nome_wifi = "M11";
const char* senha_wifi = "035954159";
const char* broker = "tiedt-tech-iot-hub.azure-devices.net";
const char* dispositivo = "esp-quarto";
const char* usuario_mqtt = "tiedt-tech-iot-hub.azure-devices.net/esp-quarto";
const char* senha_mqtt = "SharedAccessSignature sr=tiedt-tech-iot-hub.azure-devices.net%2Fdevices%2Fesp-quarto&sig=uM6iZTBylAcNHa4%2F4GYxPcAwMUfMAljCx5zvHyx3m%2BE%3D&se=1647197049";
const char* topico = "devices/esp-quarto/messages/events/";
WiFiClientSecure espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
conectarWifi();
}
void conectarWifi(){
Serial.print("Conectando na rede");
WiFi.begin(nome_wifi, senha_wifi);
while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.print(".");
delay(500);
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi Conectado");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}
void conectarMQTT() {
Serial.println("Conectando no broker");
client.setServer(broker, 8883);
while(!client.connected()) {
if (client.connect(dispositivo, usuario_mqtt, senha_mqtt)){
Serial.println("Conectado no broker");
}
else {
Serial.print("Falha na conexão com o broker, rc= ");
Serial.print(client.state());
Serial.println("");
delay(5000);
}
}
}
void loop(){
if (!client.connected()){
conectarMQTT();
}
}
Since late last year, there is an official Arduino SDK for ESP8266 boards. You can find it here, it comes with an example that I can confirm works.
It takes care of some of the heavy lifting, and uses the same WifiClientSecure and PubSubClient classes of your implementation.

Unable to subscribe to Azure Device Twins using MQTT and ESP8266

I have been working on the Azure Device Twins for the past month. The main goal is to subscribe to three device twin paths so that any change of the desired property results in a notification shown on the serial monitor and the desired property is parsed and given as a reported property. I am running the code on a NodeMCU and the issue I am facing is that the device connects to the IoTHub and publishes data but any changes in the device twin are not shown or parsed. The Device Twin works when api-version=2016-11-14 is added to the MQTT Username, as soon as I add the api-version in the username it gives the error failed rc=-1. The code I am using is given below
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
const char mqtt_client[] = "test-device1";
const char mqtt_server[] = "HyperNet-IoTHub-Azure-Sphere.azure-devices.net";
const int mqtt_port = 8883;
const char mqtt_user[] = "HyperNet-IoTHub-Azure-Sphere.azure-devices.net/test-device1/api-version=2016-11-14";
void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length);
WiFiClientSecure WiFiclient;
PubSubClient client(WiFiclient);
void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length);
void parseDesiredProperties(byte* payload);
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
long interval = 5000;
void reconnect();
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
delay(250);
client.setServer(mqtt_server, 8883);
client.setCallback(callback);
WiFi.disconnect();
delay(100);
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
Serial.println("Connecting To Wi-Fi: " + String(ssid));
WiFi.begin(ssid,pass);
while(WiFi.status() !=WL_CONNECTED){
delay(500);
Serial.print("..");
}
Serial.println(" ");
Serial.println("Wi-Fi Connected");
}
void loop(){
if(!client.connected()){
reconnect();
}
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
if(currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval){
previousMillis = currentMillis;
float value1 = 12.3;
float value2 = 13.6;
String postData = "{\"testvalue1\":" + String(value1) + ",\"testvalue2\":" + String(value2) +"}";
char postBuffer[postData.length()+1];
postData.toCharArray(postBuffer, postData.length()+1);
Serial.println(postBuffer);
client.publish("devices/test-device1/messages/events/", postBuffer);
}
client.loop();
}
void reconnect(){
WiFiclient.setInsecure();
while(!client.connected()){
Serial.println("Attempting MQTT Connection");
if (client.connect(mqtt_client, mqtt_user, mqtt_pass)) {
Serial.println("connected");
client.subscribe("devices/test-device1/messages/devicebound/#");
// subscribe to operation responses
client.subscribe("$iothub/twin/res/#");
// subscribe to desired property updates
client.subscribe("$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/desired/#");
}
else {
Serial.print("failed, rc=");
Serial.print(client.state());
Serial.println(" try again in 5 seconds");
delay(5000);
}
}
}
void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
Serial.print("MQTT message arrived on topic: ");
Serial.println(topic);
if (String(topic).startsWith("$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/desired")) {
parseDesiredProperties(payload);
}
}
void parseDesiredProperties(byte* payload) {
JsonObject& root = jsonDesiredProperties.parseObject(payload);
if(root.success()) {
Serial.println("Parsed desired properties");
int newMillis=root["reportInterval"];
if(newMillis > 2999 && newMillis < 120001) {
interval = newMillis;
String postProperty = "{\"reportInterval\":" + String(newMillis) + "}";
char postBuffer[postProperty.length()+1];
postProperty.toCharArray(postBuffer, postProperty.length()+1);
client.publish("$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/reported/?$rid=1", postBuffer);
Serial.print("Set new interval to: ");
Serial.println(newMillis);
}
}
else {
Serial.println("Could not parse desired properties");
}
}
the code snippet you posted seems to be incomplete. It was missing the jsonDesiredProperties for instance. You might have left some other things out, but one important thing missing is the certificate fingerprint. IoT Hub only accepts secure MQTT connections, and to do that, you need to include the SHA1 fingerprint of Microsoft's CA cert.
You can download the certificate and put it in a file and retrieve the fingerprint with openssl:
openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha1 -inform pem -in [certificate-file.crt]
Your setup method can then include the fingerprint:
static const char *fingerprint PROGMEM = "D4 DE 20 D0 5E 66 FC 53 FE 1A 50 88 2C 78 DB 28 52 CA E4 74";
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
delay(250);
WiFiclient.setFingerprint(fingerprint);
client.setServer(mqtt_server, 8883);
client.setCallback(callback);
WiFi.disconnect();
delay(100);
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
Serial.println("Connecting To Wi-Fi");
WiFi.begin("<REDACTED>","<REDACTED>");
while(WiFi.status() !=WL_CONNECTED){
delay(500);
Serial.print("..");
}
Serial.println(" ");
Serial.println("Wi-Fi Connected");
}
Another change I made is the API version you included in your MQTT username. You can use ?api-version=2018-06-30 rather than api-version=2016-11-14.
I tested these changes on my NodeMCU, and updating the reported twin properties is working just fine! Let me know if this works for you!
DynamicJsonBuffer jsonDesiredProperties;
char ssid[] = "Imran's Phone";
char pass[] = "1234567890";
int status = WL_IDLE_STATUS;
const char mqtt_client[] = "test-device1";
const char mqtt_server[] = "Hypernet-IOF.azure-devices.net";
const int mqtt_port = 8883;
const char mqtt_user[] = "HyperNet-IoF.azure-devices.net/test-device1/2018-06-30";
static const char *fingerprint PROGMEM = "D4 DE 20 D0 5E 66 FC 53 FE 1A 50 88 2C 78 DB
28 52 CA E4 74";
void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length);
WiFiClientSecure WiFiclient;
PubSubClient client(WiFiclient);
void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length);
void parseDesiredProperties(byte* payload);
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
long interval = 5000;
void reconnect();
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
delay(250);
WiFiclient.setFingerprint(fingerprint);
client.setServer(mqtt_server, 8883);
client.setCallback(callback);
WiFi.disconnect();
delay(100);
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
Serial.println("Connecting To Wi-Fi: " + String(ssid));
WiFi.begin(ssid,pass);
while(WiFi.status() !=WL_CONNECTED){
delay(500);
Serial.print("..");
}
Serial.println(" ");
Serial.println("Wi-Fi Connected");
}
void loop(){
if(!client.connected()){
reconnect();
}
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
if(currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval){
previousMillis = currentMillis;
float value1 = 12.3;
float value2 = 13.6;
String postData = "{\"testvalue1\":" + String(value1) + ",\"testvalue2\":" +
String(value2) +"}";
char postBuffer[postData.length()+1];
postData.toCharArray(postBuffer, postData.length()+1);
Serial.println(postBuffer);
client.publish("devices/test-device1/messages/events/", postBuffer);
}
client.loop();
}
void reconnect(){
WiFiclient.setInsecure();
while(!client.connected()){
Serial.println("Attempting MQTT Connection");
if (client.connect(mqtt_client, mqtt_user, mqtt_pass)) {
Serial.println("connected");
client.subscribe("devices/test-device1/messages/devicebound/#");
// subscribe to operation responses
client.subscribe("$iothub/twin/res/#");
// subscribe to desired property updates
client.subscribe("$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/desired/#");
}
else {
Serial.print("failed, rc=");
Serial.print(client.state());
Serial.println(" try again in 5 seconds");
delay(5000);
}
}
}
void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
Serial.print("MQTT message arrived on topic: ");
Serial.println(topic);
if (String(topic).startsWith("$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/desired")) {
parseDesiredProperties(payload);
}
}
void parseDesiredProperties(byte* payload) {
JsonObject& root = jsonDesiredProperties.parseObject(payload);
if(root.success()) {
Serial.println("Parsed desired properties");
int newMillis=root["reportInterval"];
if(newMillis > 2999 && newMillis < 120001) {
interval = newMillis;
String postProperty = "{\"reportInterval\":" + String(newMillis) + "}";
char postBuffer[postProperty.length()+1];
postProperty.toCharArray(postBuffer, postProperty.length()+1);
client.publish("$iothub/twin/PATCH/properties/reported/?$rid=1", postBuffer);
Serial.print("Set new interval to: ");
Serial.println(newMillis);
}
}
else {
Serial.println("Could not parse desired properties");
}
}

ESP8266 is not getting connected to my deployed websocket on heroku

I have deployed a nodejs websocket on heroku. But my ESP8266 cannot get connected to that websocket. Before deploying that websocket on heroku, i tried it out locally and it worked pretty well. ESP8266 also got connected to it without any error. Then I made some changes in nodejs socket (before deploying) in order to run it on heroku. i just don't understand what's wrong with this esp8266 code
ESP8266's Code
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WebSocketClient.h>
boolean handshakeFailed = 0;
String data = "";
char path[] = "/"; //identifier of this device
const char *ssid = ""; //<-------------------this was entered correctly. Wifi connection was successful. websocket connection got failed
const char *password = ""; // <-------------------this was entered correctly. Wifi connection was successful. websocket connection got failed
char *host = "example.herokuapp.com"; //replace this ip address with the ip address of your Node.Js server
const int espport = 3000;
WebSocketClient webSocketClient;
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
unsigned long currentMillis;
unsigned long interval = 300; //interval for sending data to the websocket server in ms
// Use WiFiClient class to create TCP connections
WiFiClient client;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); // Initialize the LED_BUILTIN pin as an output
delay(10);
// We start by connecting to a WiFi network
Serial.println();
Serial.println();
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
delay(1000);
wsconnect();
// wifi_set_sleep_type(LIGHT_SLEEP_T);
}
void loop()
{
if (client.connected())
{
currentMillis = millis();
webSocketClient.getData(data);
if (data.length() > 0)
{
Serial.println(data);
//*************send log data to server in certain interval************************************
//currentMillis=millis();
if (abs(currentMillis - previousMillis) >= interval)
{
previousMillis = currentMillis;
data = (String)analogRead(A0); //read adc values, this will give random value, since no sensor is connected.
//For this project we are pretending that these random values are sensor values
webSocketClient.sendData(data); //send sensor data to websocket server
}
}
else
{
}
delay(5);
}
}
void wsconnect()
{
// Connect to the websocket server
if (client.connect(host, espport))
{
Serial.println("WebSocket Connected");
}
else
{
Serial.println("Connection failed.");
delay(1000);
if (handshakeFailed)
{
handshakeFailed = 0;
ESP.restart();
}
handshakeFailed = 1;
}
// Handshake with the server
webSocketClient.path = path;
webSocketClient.host = host;
if (webSocketClient.handshake(client))
{
Serial.println("Handshake successful");
}
else
{
Serial.println("Handshake failed.");
delay(4000);
if (handshakeFailed)
{
handshakeFailed = 0;
ESP.restart();
}
handshakeFailed = 1;
}
}

Cannot set hostname for ESP8266

I am facing a problem, as setting host name for my ESP8266 is not working. Even though when I'm trying to connect through default host name "ESP_xxxx", it's not working.
Actually when I upload my code with my mobile hotspot SSID and password then it's working fine, but as soon as I gave the SSID and password of my router then it's not working.
Here's my code (setup part):
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
const char* ssid = "xxxxxx";
const char* password = "xxxxxx";
int ledPin = 13; // GPIO13
WiFiServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(10);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
// Connect to WiFi network
Serial.println();
Serial.println();
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.hostname("xyz");
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
// Start the server
server.begin();
Serial.println("Server started");
// Print the IP address
Serial.print("Use this URL to connect: ");
Serial.print("http://");
Serial.print(WiFi.localIP());
Serial.println("/");
Serial.println(WiFi.hostname());
}
Try this:
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> //https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino
//
#include <DNSServer.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include "WiFiManager.h" //https://github.com/tzapu/WiFiManager
void configModeCallback (WiFiManager *myWiFiManager)
{
Serial.println("Entered config mode");
Serial.println(WiFi.softAPIP());
Serial.println(myWiFiManager->getConfigPortalSSID());
}
//
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
//
WiFiManager wifiManager;
WiFi.hostname("myhostname");
//
//wifiManager.resetSettings();
//
//
wifiManager.setAPCallback(configModeCallback);
if (!wifiManager.autoConnect("myhostname"))
{
Serial.println("failed to connect and hit timeout");
// reset
ESP.reset();
delay(1000);
}
//
Serial.println("connected...yeey :)");
}
void loop()
{
//
}
Stumbled upon this issue and below is the code which works for me.
WiFi.disconnect(true);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
WiFi.setHostname(device);`
Also came across below code, with this line the module is not receiving any IP. Hence deleted it.
WiFi.config(INADDR_NONE, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_NONE);
Running on Arduino 1.8.15 and esp8266 board version 3.0.1
Try using mDNS instead.
Include the mDNS library
#include <ESP8266mDNS.h>
Then in the setup after you connected to WiFi, start mDNS like this.
if (!MDNS.begin("your-desired-hostname")) {
Serial.println("Error setting up MDNS responder!");
}

Resources