The file structure for a module im creating goes as follows:
PIV
| __init__.py
| base.py
| core.py
| exceptions.py
.gitignore
LICENSE
requirements.txt
But whenever I run a file like core.py, I get the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:/Users/ghub4/OneDrive/Desktop/Python-Image-and-Video-tools/PIV/core.py", line 33, in <module>
from . import base
ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package
The same thing happens when I run the __init__.py file. I'm not sure on what went wrong because all of the python files are in the same folder. Can someone clarify what's the problem and explain how I should fix it?
Import code for core.py file:
from __future__ import absolute_import
import sys
import os
from PIL import Image
import io
from . import base
from . import exceptions
(The __init__.py folder has the same relative imports as in the core file but also including: from . import core)
Based upon the two links you will given below, here is what needed for the problem to solve:
Relative Imports error rectified
No module named base
You need to import the package as this
from mymodule import some_useful_method
Sometimes, we get the no module error, in this case, we can import like this
from module_name.classname import some_useful_method
Related
I want to load a custom python module from another directory. This question also has been asked many times and I have followed lot of links, and I have a solution. However, it is not working for me. I am fairly new to Python and looks like I am making a simple mistake which I am not able to find.
Below is the hierarchy. I want to import 'extollo_keyvault.py' inside 'testCode.py'. I can see the path for 'extollo_keyvault.py' when I print 'sys.path', however, the script execution fails saying that unable to find that module
Code:
import os
import sys
path_to_extolloKeyvault_module = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'extollo_instance', 'hardened', 'extollo_keyvault.py')
sys.path.insert(0, path_to_extolloKeyvault_module)
import extollo_keyvault
Error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:/Users/manjug/source/repos/extollo-instance-march-31/extollo_instance/Instance/testCode.py", line 6, in <module>
import extollo_keyvault
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'extollo_keyvault'
Your current code includes /Instance.
Try this code:
import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path
path = Path(os.getcwd())
path_to_extolloKeyvault_module = os.path.join(path.parent.absolute(), 'extollo-instance-march-31', 'extollo_instance', 'hardened'
sys.path.insert(0, path_to_extolloKeyvault_module)
import extollo_keyvault
Image of the code I have created init.py file in every folder
import Pages.login_page.LoginPage
>error:
>Traceback (most recent call last):
> File "D:\work\testAutomation\pythonEvaly\Tests\base_test.py", line 5, in ><module>
> import Pages.login_page.LoginPage
>ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Pages'
The import would look like:
from ..Pages.login_page import LoginPage
The double dots mean that it will look for a module named Pages in the parent directory of the script.
Note:
This will only work if you have a __init__.py in the Pages folder
Edit
This should work...
import sys
sys.path.append('../Pages')
import login_page.LoginPage
import home_page.HomePage
Before importing we should append the parent directory
import os, sys
sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), ".."))
#should import after above lines
from some_folder.some_file import some_module
I am developing a Django project and I am trying to run a test file but an error in the import occurre.
My folder hierarchy to be like the image:
see the image of function process_data inside of core.py
I am in the test directory trying to run my test file.
My import to be like the code:
from coordenadas.core import process_data
but, when I run my code an error is showed:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "tests_class_moviment.py", line 1, in <module>
from coordenadas.core import process_data
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'coordenadas'
I am tryed use relative import
from .coordenadas.core import process_data
from .core import process_data
from ..coordenadas.core import process_data
from ..core import process_data
but the only way that no error is showed in pycharm is the
from coordenadas.core import process_data
Some idea how can I solve it?
On a partially unrelated note, absolute imports are definitely recommended over relative imports. PEP8:
Relative imports for intra-package imports are highly discouraged. Always use the absolute package path for all imports. Even now that PEP 328 [7] is fully implemented in Python 2.5, its style of explicit relative imports is actively discouraged; absolute imports are more portable and usually more readable.
As for the module error itself, adding an __init__.py file to the "coordenadas" directory will turn it into a module, which is exactly what you need.
I have following package stricture:
foo:
__init__.py
soft:
__init__.py
access.py
init.py has following line
from . import access
when I'm running the package foo.soft, it is giving an error:
ImportError: cannot import name access
But it works if I remove . and make the second init as following:
import access
But py3 requires the relative import to have ".". How to resolve this
py2 and py3 compatibility issue?
It has resolved by adding:
from __future__ import absolute_import
I'm a bit new to the Python world. I'm using Python3 and having hard times with imports.
I was using PyCharm on Windows to write an application. Everything was working through the project until I switched to Linux and VS Code.
Now I can't use absolute imports for importing modules from other packages in the same project.
For example, I'd like to import from module cards all available card types.
I tested the classes and everything is ok. I'm only getting this issue with the import stuff.
The project structure:
/
|-cards
|-__init__.py
|-card.py
|-monster_card.py
|-spell_card.py
|-trap_card.py
|-ritual_card.py
|-deck
|-__init__py
|-deck.py
|-system
# This is the code in __init__.py in cads package
from . trap_card import TrapCard
from . spell_card import SpellCard
from . ritual_card import RitualCard
from . monster_card import MonsterCard
__all__ = [TrapCard, SpellCard, RitualCard, MonsterCard]
# The following line, for example, does not work from inside another package
# I'm trying to import the modules in cards from deck
from cards import TrapCard, MonsterCard, SpellCard, RitualCard
When I try to import packages from another folders I get this error message:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/root/git-repos/Yu-Gi-Oh/decks/deck.py", line 3, in
from cards import TrapCard, MonsterCard, SpellCard, RitualCard
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cards'
When you call import *, python search the module from sys.path. You need to add your root dir into sys.path before call import stmt.
For your case, your root dir is /.
like:
import os
import sys
sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
from cards import *
other way
Add file __init__.py into your root dir for make it become a module. Then change from cards import * to from .cards import *.