I am using gcc10 for my code. My system installed the official libraries compiled by gcc11.
OS：archlinux
compiler: gcc-10
Archlinux updated their official compiler to gcc-11.
When I use gcc10 to compile my code and link to the libraries compiled by gcc11, it shows the following error message:
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libQt5Core.so.5.15.2: undefined reference to `std::__exception_ptr::exception_ptr::_M_release()#CXXABI_1.3.13'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libQt5Widgets.so.5.15.2: undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_array_new_length()#GLIBCXX_3.4.29'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libQt5Core.so.5.15.2: undefined reference to `std::__exception_ptr::exception_ptr::_M_addref()#CXXABI_1.3.13'
It seems related to stdc++ libraries. What should I do?
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I tried to use gcc11 to compile everything including the libraries. It is fine to compile the libraries that I need.
When I compile my code, it shows the error messages:
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/depth_camera_slam.dir/main.cpp.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<double*>::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)':
/usr/include/c++/11.1.0/ext/new_allocator.h:110: undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_array_new_length()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/depth_camera_slam.dir/main.cpp.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<ceres::Grid2D<double, 1, true, true> >::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)':
/usr/include/c++/11.1.0/ext/new_allocator.h:110: undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_array_new_length()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/depth_camera_slam.dir/main.cpp.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<ceres::BiCubicInterpolator<ceres::Grid2D<double, 1, true, true> > >::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)':
/usr/include/c++/11.1.0/ext/new_allocator.h:110: undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_array_new_length()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/depth_camera_slam.dir/main.cpp.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<std::shared_ptr<Keyframe> >::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)':
/usr/include/c++/11.1.0/ext/new_allocator.h:110: undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_array_new_length()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/depth_camera_slam.dir/main.cpp.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<unsigned long>::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)':
/usr/include/c++/11.1.0/ext/new_allocator.h:110: undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_array_new_length()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/depth_camera_slam.dir/main.cpp.o:/usr/include/c++/11.1.0/ext/new_allocator.h:110: more undefined references to `std::__throw_bad_array_new_length()' follow
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libopencv_core.so.3.4.15: undefined reference to `std::__exception_ptr::exception_ptr::_M_release()#CXXABI_1.3.13'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore.so.1: undefined reference to `std::__istream_extract(std::istream&, char*, long)#GLIBCXX_3.4.29'
/usr/bin/ld: ../lib/libdataset_inputstream.so: undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_array_new_length()#GLIBCXX_3.4.29'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libopencv_core.so.3.4.15: undefined reference to `std::__exception_ptr::exception_ptr::_M_addref()#CXXABI_1.3.13'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/depth_camera_slam.dir/build.make:351: ../bin/depth_camera_slam] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:804: CMakeFiles/depth_camera_slam.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:91: all] Error 2
Is it related to stdc++ lib? or my compiler? I think my code is fine because I can compile it on my old machine (archlinux but the compiler is gcc10).
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I can't uninstall gcc10 because I am using CUDA11 which depends on gcc10.
I encounter the following linking error when attempting to use in Cygwin64. My PATH accounts for the location of libbz2.a and libbz2.dll.
$ gcc -lbz2 bzlibExample.c -o bzlibExample
/tmp/ccz9P7fm.o:bzlibExample.c:(.text+0x18b): undefined reference to `BZ2_bzWriteOpen'
/tmp/ccz9P7fm.o:bzlibExample.c:(.text+0x18b): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `BZ2_bzWriteOpen'
/tmp/ccz9P7fm.o:bzlibExample.c:(.text+0x1ef): undefined reference to `BZ2_bzWrite'
/tmp/ccz9P7fm.o:bzlibExample.c:(.text+0x1ef): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `BZ2_bzWrite'
/tmp/ccz9P7fm.o:bzlibExample.c:(.text+0x233): undefined reference to `BZ2_bzWriteClose'
/tmp/ccz9P7fm.o:bzlibExample.c:(.text+0x233): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `BZ2_bzWriteClose'
/tmp/ccz9P7fm.o:bzlibExample.c:(.text+0x2bb): undefined reference to `BZ2_bzWriteClose'
/tmp/ccz9P7fm.o:bzlibExample.c:(.text+0x2bb): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `BZ2_bzWriteClose'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Any assistance is appreciated.
I'm using Windows 7 64x and in my next semester, I'll have OCaml as main language in one of my lectures and I am more of a "Windows" person (I have windows version and cygwin-based version). So I decided to go over this tutorial.
Now here's the problem:
I've created files amodule.ml and bmodule.ml as specified in the link. However, when I'm trying to execute following lines on the commandline:
ocamlopt -c amodule.ml
I get following error:
'i686-w64-mingw32-as' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.
File "amodule.ml", line 1:
Error: Assembler error, input left in file C:\Users\Devate\AppData\Local\Temp\camlasm0d9121.s
And almost the same error comes with bmodule.ml and using the last line:
ocamlopt -o hello amodule.cmx bmodule.cmx
After doing that - I get two new files named amodule.cmi and bmodule.cmi.
However, if I try doing compiling using cygwin version, I get no errors (I get both amodule.cmi and amodule.cmx - same with bmodule).
However with last line in cygwin I get tons of errors:
ocamlopt -o hello amodule.cmx bmodule.cmx
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/std_exit.o' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o)' is incompatible with
i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(i386.o)' is incompatible with
i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o)' is incompatible with
i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(str.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(minor_gc.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(intern.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(compare.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(floats.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(sys.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(extern.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(memory.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(callback.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(startup.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(alloc.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(custom.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(roots.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(signals_asm.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(backtrace.o)' is incompatible
with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(printexc.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(signals.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(weak.o)' is incompatible with
i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(gc_ctrl.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(major_gc.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(misc.o)' is incompatible with
i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(finalise.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(md5.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(freelist.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(globroots.o)' is incompatible
with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(parsing.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(debugger.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(compact.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x5): undefined reference to `camlPervasives__entry'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x5): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `camlPervasives__entry'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0xc): undefined reference to `caml_globals_inited'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0xc): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `caml_globals_inited'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `caml_globals_inited'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x1c): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `caml_globals_inited'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x2c): undefined reference to `caml_globals_inited'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x2c): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `caml_globals_inited'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x35): undefined reference to `camlStd_exit__entry'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x35): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `camlStd_exit__entry'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `caml_globals_inited'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x3c): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `caml_globals_inited'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x5e): undefined reference to `caml_young_limit'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x5e): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `caml_young_limit'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x9e): undefined reference to `caml_call_gc'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x9e): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `caml_call_gc'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0xee): undefined reference to `caml_young_limit'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0xee): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `caml_young_limit'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x12e): undefined reference to `caml_call_gc'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x12e): relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against undefined symbol `caml_call_gc'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x16e): undefined reference to `caml_young_limit'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x16e): additional relocation overflows omitted from the output
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x1a3): undefined reference to `caml_call_gc'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x1ee): undefined reference to `caml_young_limit'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x22e): undefined reference to `caml_call_gc'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x26e): undefined reference to `caml_young_limit'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x2a3): undefined reference to `caml_call_gc'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x2de): undefined reference to `caml_young_limit'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.text+0x313): undefined reference to `caml_call_gc'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x2b8): undefined reference to `camlPervasives'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x2d0): undefined reference to `camlStd_exit'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x3d8): undefined reference to `camlPervasives__data_begin'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x3e0): undefined reference to `camlPervasives__data_end'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x408): undefined reference to `camlStd_exit__data_begin'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x410): undefined reference to `camlStd_exit__data_end'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x430): undefined reference to `camlPervasives__code_begin'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x438): undefined reference to `camlPervasives__code_end'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x460): undefined reference to `camlStd_exit__code_begin'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x468): undefined reference to `camlStd_exit__code_end'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x480): undefined reference to `caml_system__frametable'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x488): undefined reference to `camlPervasives__frametable'
/tmp/camlstartup942177.o:fake:(.data+0x4a0): undefined reference to `camlStd_exit__frametable'
bmodule.o:fake:(.text+0xc): undefined reference to `camlPervasives__print_endline_1257'
amodule.o:fake:(.text+0x8): undefined reference to `camlPervasives__print_endline_1257'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.text+0x1b5): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_End_of_file'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.text+0x493): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Failure'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.text+0x4d3): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Invalid_argument'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.text+0xa76): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_End_of_file'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.text+0xb18): undefined reference to `_caml_curry2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x184): undefined reference to `_caml_curry2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x194): undefined reference to `_caml_curry2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x1bc): undefined reference to `_caml_curry2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x2b0): undefined reference to `_caml_curry4'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x2c0): undefined reference to `_caml_curry4'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x2d0): undefined reference to `_caml_curry4'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x2f8): undefined reference to `_caml_curry3'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x320): undefined reference to `_caml_curry2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x330): undefined reference to `_caml_curry4'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x340): undefined reference to `_caml_curry2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x374): undefined reference to `_caml_curry3'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x384): undefined reference to `_caml_curry2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x3dc): undefined reference to `_caml_curry2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x404): undefined reference to `_caml_curry2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x414): undefined reference to `_caml_curry2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x448): undefined reference to `_caml_curry2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x458): more undefined references to `_caml_curry2' follow
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x524): undefined reference to `_caml_curry3'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7c4): undefined reference to `_fmod'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7cc): undefined reference to `_floor'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7d0): undefined reference to `_ceil'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7d4): undefined reference to `_tanh'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7d8): undefined reference to `_tan'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7dc): undefined reference to `_sqrt'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7e0): undefined reference to `_sinh'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7e4): undefined reference to `_sin'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7ec): undefined reference to `_log10'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7f0): undefined reference to `_log'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7f4): undefined reference to `_cosh'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x7f8): undefined reference to `_cos'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x800): undefined reference to `_atan2'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x804): undefined reference to `_atan'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x808): undefined reference to `_asin'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x80c): undefined reference to `_acos'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x814): undefined reference to `_exp'
C:\OCaml\lib/stdlib.a(pervasives.o):fake:(.data+0x818): undefined reference to `_pow'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o):ints.c:(.text+0x3f9): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o):ints.c:(.text+0x429): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o):ints.c:(.text+0x457): undefined reference to `_atoi'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o):ints.c:(.text+0x560): undefined reference to `_sprintf'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o):ints.c:(.text+0x57c): undefined reference to `_sprintf'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o):ints.c:(.text+0x86c): undefined reference to `_sprintf'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o):ints.c:(.text+0xa29): undefined reference to `___divdi3'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o):ints.c:(.text+0xaa6): undefined reference to `___moddi3'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o):ints.c:(.text+0xde3): undefined reference to `_sprintf'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o):ints.c:(.text+0xe56): undefined reference to `___udivdi3'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(ints.o):ints.c:(.text+0x131a): undefined reference to `_sprintf'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(i386.o):fake:(.text+0x119): undefined reference to `_caml_program'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(i386.o):fake:(.text+0x211): undefined reference to `_caml_apply2'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(i386.o):fake:(.text+0x231): undefined reference to `_caml_apply3'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x219): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Failure'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x230): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Invalid_argument'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x23f): undefined reference to `_caml_bucket_Out_of_memory'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x24e): undefined reference to `_caml_bucket_Stack_overflow'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x265): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Sys_error'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x274): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_End_of_file'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x283): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Division_by_zero'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x292): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Not_found'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x2a1): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Sys_blocked_io'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x2d7): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Invalid_argument'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x326): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Match_failure'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x32d): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Assert_failure'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(fail.o):fail.c:(.text+0x334): undefined reference to `_caml_exn_Undefined_recursive_module'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0xbc): undefined reference to `_write'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x149): undefined reference to `__lseeki64'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x1d9): undefined reference to `_close'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x249): undefined reference to `__lseeki64'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x270): undefined reference to `__lseeki64'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x351): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x464): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x47b): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x4b4): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x554): undefined reference to `__lseeki64'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x5c8): undefined reference to `_read'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x5f8): undefined reference to `_read'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x71d): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x73a): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x786): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x882): undefined reference to `__lseeki64'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x90c): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0xafd): undefined reference to `_close'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x1284): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x12aa): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(io.o):io.c:(.text+0x1308): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(str.o):str.c:(.text+0x41d): undefined reference to `_memcmp'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(str.o):str.c:(.text+0x52e): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(str.o):str.c:(.text+0x560): undefined reference to `_memset'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(str.o):str.c:(.text+0x589): undefined reference to `_setlocale'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(str.o):str.c:(.text+0x5a2): undefined reference to `__imp__isprint'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(minor_gc.o):minor_gc.c:(.text+0x56d): undefined reference to `_free'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(minor_gc.o):minor_gc.c:(.text+0x6b7): undefined reference to `_realloc'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(intern.o):intern.c:(.text+0x13): undefined reference to `_free'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(intern.o):intern.c:(.text+0x241): undefined reference to `_sprintf'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(intern.o):intern.c:(.text+0x2ce): undefined reference to `_malloc'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(intern.o):intern.c:(.text+0x2f9): undefined reference to `_realloc'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(intern.o):intern.c:(.text+0x5c3): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(intern.o):intern.c:(.text+0x7b7): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(intern.o):intern.c:(.text+0x89d): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(intern.o):intern.c:(.text+0x9f2): undefined reference to `_memcmp'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(intern.o):intern.c:(.text+0x1227): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(intern.o):intern.c:(.text+0x13d7): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(compare.o):compare.c:(.text+0x13): undefined reference to `_free'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(compare.o):compare.c:(.text+0x2a5): undefined reference to `_memcmp'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(compare.o):compare.c:(.text+0x430): undefined reference to `_strcmp'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(compare.o):compare.c:(.text+0x519): undefined reference to `_malloc'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(compare.o):compare.c:(.text+0x548): undefined reference to `_realloc'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(floats.o):floats.c:(.text+0x9f): undefined reference to `_atoi'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(floats.o):floats.c:(.text+0xe1): undefined reference to `_atoi'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(floats.o):floats.c:(.text+0x121): undefined reference to `_sprintf'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(floats.o):floats.c:(.text+0x1a6): undefined reference to `_sprintf'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(floats.o):floats.c:(.text+0x267): undefined reference to `___strtod'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(floats.o):floats.c:(.text+0x314): undefined reference to `___strtod'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(weak.o):weak.c:(.text+0x41d): undefined reference to `_memmove'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(major_gc.o):major_gc.c:(.text+0xb8): undefined reference to `_realloc'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(major_gc.o):major_gc.c:(.text+0xb39): undefined reference to `_malloc'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x16f): undefined reference to `_fwrite'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x1bb): undefined reference to `_realloc'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x204): undefined reference to `__imp___findfirst'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x287): undefined reference to `_malloc'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x2a2): undefined reference to `_memcpy'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x2b9): undefined reference to `_strcpy'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x2d1): undefined reference to `__imp___findnext'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x2e3): undefined reference to `__imp___findclose'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x5ae): undefined reference to `_strcpy'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x616): undefined reference to `_strcpy'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x68c): undefined reference to `_flexdll_dlopen'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x6a3): undefined reference to `_flexdll_dump_exports'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x6a8): undefined reference to `__imp___iob'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x6b3): undefined reference to `_fflush'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x6c9): undefined reference to `_flexdll_dlclose'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x73b): undefined reference to `_signal'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x75b): undefined reference to `__imp__SetConsoleCtrlHandler#8'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x7a9): undefined reference to `_malloc'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x863): undefined reference to `_strcpy'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x8bd): undefined reference to `__imp___findfirst'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x93d): undefined reference to `_strcpy'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x961): undefined reference to `__imp___findnext'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x96e): undefined reference to `__imp___findclose'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x98e): undefined reference to `__imp__SetUnhandledExceptionFilter#4'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x9aa): undefined reference to `__imp__GetSystemTimeAsFileTime#4'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x9ba): undefined reference to `__imp__QueryPerformanceCounter#4'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(win32.o):win32.c:(.text+0x9d0): undefined reference to `__imp__GetCurrentProcessId#0'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(parsing.o):parsing.c:(.text+0x4a2): undefined reference to `_fprintf'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(parsing.o):parsing.c:(.text+0x570): undefined reference to `__imp___iob'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(parsing.o):parsing.c:(.text+0x57b): undefined reference to `_fprintf'
C:\OCaml\lib/libasmrun.a(compact.o):compact.c:(.text+0x50d): undefined reference to `_memmove'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../lib/libcygwin.a(libcmain.o): In function `main':
/usr/src/debug/cygwin-1.7.31-2/winsup/cygwin/lib/libcmain.c:39: undefined reference to `WinMain'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
File "caml_startup", line 1:
Error: Error during linking
And I have no idea what to do.
If you want to learn OCaml, do not use Windows. No matter whether you are a Windows person or not. Period.
With that said, i686-w64-mingw32-as is an assembler and it is missing. You must read OCaml's instruction README.win32 carefully and install required softwares.
For the trouble of Cygwin version, I guess you are trying to link your Cygwin object files with MinGW OCaml installation. This wont work at all. Maybe your Cygwin OCaml is totally confused by the env var for MinGW OCaml.
I repeat. OCaml in Windows has so many pit falls for new leaners. Just avoid it.
I'm trying to compile the DumpFile example on Raspbian using the arduino-core and arduino-mk packages.
It usually worked well for other projects, but when it comes to using the SD library I have errors at compilation time, I don't know if it's something I do wrong or if it's an issue in the SD library itself.
From the changelog of the arduino-core package, there are nothing that was fixed in the SD library between my version of the package and the most recent one. So upgrading may not help.
I'm copying the output of running >make
/usr/bin/avr-gcc -c -mmcu=atmega328p -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=100 -I.
-I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/variants/standard -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD -I/home/pi/sketchbook/libraries/SD -g -Os -w -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/File.cpp -o build-cli/libs/SD/File.o
mkdir -p build-cli/libs/SD/
/usr/bin/avr-gcc -c -mmcu=atmega328p -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=100 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/variants/standard -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD -I/home/pi/sketchbook/libraries/SD -g -Os -w -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-exceptions /usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/SD.cpp -o build-cli/libs/SD/SD.o
/usr/bin/avr-ar rcs build-cli/libcore.a build-cli/WInterrupts.o build-cli/wiring_analog.o build-cli/wiring.o build-cli/wiring_digital.o build-cli/wiring_pulse.o build-cli/wiring_shift.o build-cli/CDC.o build-cli/HardwareSerial.o build-cli/HID.o build-cli/IPAddress.o build-cli/main.o build-cli/new.o build-cli/Print.o build-cli/Stream.o build-cli/Tone.o build-cli/USBCore.o build-cli/WMath.o build-cli/WString.o build-cli/libs/SD/File.o build-cli/libs/SD/SD.o
/usr/bin/avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega328p -Wl,--gc-sections -Os -o build-cli/readSd.elf build-cli/readSd.o build-cli/libcore.a -lc -lm
build-cli/libcore.a(File.o): In function `File::operator bool()':
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/File.cpp:146: undefined reference to `SdFile::sync()'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/File.cpp:148: undefined reference to `SdFile::write(void const*, unsigned int)'
build-cli/libcore.a(File.o): In function `File::operator bool()':
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:214: undefined reference to `SdFile::read(void*, unsigned int)'
build-cli/libcore.a(File.o): In function `File::operator bool()':
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/File.cpp:149: undefined reference to `SdFile::seekSet(unsigned long)'
build-cli/libcore.a(File.o): In function `File::operator bool()':
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:214: undefined reference to `SdFile::close()'
build-cli/libcore.a(SD.o): In function `_GLOBAL__sub_I__Z20getNextPathComponentPcPjS_':
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/Sd2Card.h:155: undefined reference to `Sd2Card::init(unsigned char, unsigned char)'
build-cli/libcore.a(SD.o): In function `_GLOBAL__sub_I__Z20getNextPathComponentPcPjS_':
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:430: undefined reference to `SdVolume::init(Sd2Card*, unsigned char)'
build-cli/libcore.a(SD.o): In function `_GLOBAL__sub_I__Z20getNextPathComponentPcPjS_':
/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/Print.h:43: undefined reference to `SdFile::openRoot(SdVolume*)'
build-cli/libcore.a(SD.o): In function `_GLOBAL__sub_I__Z20getNextPathComponentPcPjS_':
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `SdVolume::init(Sd2Card*, unsigned char)'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:430: undefined reference to `vtable for SdFile'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:430: undefined reference to `vtable for SdFile'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `vtable for SdFile'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `vtable for SdFile'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `SdFile::close()'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `SdFile::open(SdFile*, char const*, unsigned char)'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `vtable for SdFile'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `vtable for SdFile'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `SdFile::close()'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `vtable for SdFile'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `vtable for SdFile'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `SdFile::open(SdFile*, char const*, unsigned char)'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `SdFile::open(SdFile*, char const*, unsigned char)'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `SdFile::close()'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `SdFile::seekSet(unsigned long)'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `vtable for SdFile'
/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility/SdFat.h:138: undefined reference to `vtable for SdFile'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [build-cli/readSd.elf] Error 1
Could someone please help me to pinpoint at the issue?
Thanks
Note the SD library has a sub directory containing the functions that are undefined. Perhaps you need to add -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility to your make
right now I try to use a opensource tool called "GAUL" where some genetic algorithms are implemented. By compiling the example files I figured out that I can only compile these data via using gcc but not g++. E.x.:
1) Using gcc -I /usr/local/include/ -c wildfire_threat.c -o test.o
gcc** -g -O2 -Wall -o test2.out test.o -lgaul -lgaul_util -lm -lpthread -lslang -lm
works also the combination
gcc -I /usr/local/include/ -c wildfire_threat.c -o test.o
g++ -g -O2 -Wall -o test2.out test.o -lgaul -lgaul_util -lm -lpthread -lslang -lm
But 2) Using
g++ -I /usr/local/include/ -c wildfire_threat.c -o test.o
g++ -g -O2 -Wall -o test2.out test.o -lgaul -lgaul_util -lm -lpthread -lslang -lm
I get the following error messages:
test.o: In function `wildfire_simulation(int*, bool)':
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x52): undefined reference to `random_int(unsigned int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x74): undefined reference to `random_int(unsigned int)'
test.o: In function `wildfire_score(population_t*, entity_t*)':
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0xb55): undefined reference to `ga_entity_set_fitness(entity_t*, double)'
test.o: In function `wildfire_seed(population_t*, entity_t*)':
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0xb86): undefined reference to `random_boolean()'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0xbb9): undefined reference to `random_boolean_prob(double)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0xc18): undefined reference to `random_int(unsigned int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0xc25): undefined reference to `random_int(unsigned int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0xc92): undefined reference to `random_int(unsigned int)'
test.o: In function `wildfire_mutate_flip(population_t*, entity_t*, entity_t*)':
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0xd41): undefined reference to `random_int(unsigned int)'
test.o: In function `wildfire_crossover(population_t*, entity_t*, entity_t*, entity_t*, entity_t*)':
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0xe25): undefined reference to `random_boolean()'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0xe37): undefined reference to `random_int(unsigned int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0xff0): undefined reference to `random_int(unsigned int)'
test.o: In function `wildfire_ga_callback(int, population_t*)':
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x11bc): undefined reference to `ga_get_entity_from_rank(population_t*, unsigned int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x11c4): undefined reference to `ga_entity_get_fitness(entity_t*)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x11ef): undefined reference to
`ga_population_score_and_sort(population_t*)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x1206): undefined reference to `ga_fitness_mean_stddev(population_t*, double*, double*)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x122b): undefined reference to `ga_get_entity_from_rank(population_t*, unsigned int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x1233): undefined reference to `ga_entity_get_fitness(entity_t*)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x1268): undefined reference to `ga_get_entity_from_rank(population_t*, unsigned int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x1270): undefined reference to `ga_entity_get_fitness(entity_t*)'
test.o: In function `main':
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x12b0): undefined reference to `random_seed(unsigned int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x12dd): undefined reference to `ga_select_two_roulette_rebased(population_t*, entity_t**, entity_t**)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x12e6): undefined reference to `ga_select_one_roulette_rebased(population_t*, entity_t**)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x132e): undefined reference to `ga_genesis_integer(int, int, int, bool (*)(int, population_t*), bool (*)(int, entity_t*), void (*)(void*), void (*)(void*), bool (*)(population_t*, entity_t*), bool (*)(population_t*, entity_t*), entity_t* (*)(population_t*, entity_t*), bool (*)(population_t*, entity_t**), bool (*)(population_t*, entity_t**, entity_t**), void (*)(population_t*, entity_t*, entity_t*), void (*)(population_t*, entity_t*, entity_t*, entity_t*, entity_t*), void (*)(population_t*, entity_t*), void*)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x135c): undefined reference to `ga_population_set_parameters(population_t*, ga_scheme_type_t, ga_elitism_type_t, double, double, double)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x136d): undefined reference to `ga_evolution_threaded(population_t*, int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x137e): undefined reference to `ga_get_entity_from_rank(population_t*, unsigned int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x1386): undefined reference to `ga_entity_get_fitness(entity_t*)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x13b5): undefined reference to `ga_get_entity_from_rank(population_t*, unsigned int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x1434): undefined reference to `ga_get_entity_from_rank(population_t*, unsigned int)'
wildfire_threat.c:(.text+0x1528): undefined reference to `ga_extinction(population_t*)'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Can anyone explain this to me mystery and how I can avoid to use gcc since this brings problems with remaining source code which I want to embed?
Your third party C library probably lacks extern "C" declarations in its headers. To work around this without modifying the third party headers you can do something like this in your C++ source wherever you #include the relevant third party headers:
extern "C" {
#include "gaul.h" // note: I'm just guessing the names of the
#include "gaul_utils.h" // actual header files here...
}
You should compile C source with a C compiler and C++ source with a C++ compiler. In the particular case, the GAUL library is written in C and its headers are not suitable for inclusion in C++ compilation - they lack extern "C", so when you compile as C++, the function are declared with C++ linkage and, of course, cannot be found in the C-compiled library.