Using a one-line bash command with GitBash on windows, using find and cp, I am backing up a bunch of script files that exist in multiple sub-directories. I am currently backing them up to a single directory. As you can imagine, naming conflicts arise. This is easy enough to avoid with the --backup=numbered option which creates a copy of the file. However, the problem with this is that it puts the number AFTER the file extension, naming the file like this: example.js.~2~. What I want is to preserve the file extension and name the file like this: example2.js rather than putting the number after the file extension. Is there any way to do this?
Another option would be to prepend the directory name (from the directory that it is being copied from) to the file that is being copied instead of adding a number. I would accept either of these as a solution.
Here is what I have so far:
find . -path "*node_modules*" -prune -o -type f \( -name '*.js' -or -name '*.js.map' -or -name '*.ts' -or -name '*.json' \) -printf "%h\n" -exec cp {} --backup=numbered "/c/test/" \;
Any help would be appreciated! Thank you!
what about :
#!/bin/bash
# your find command here
FILES=$(find . -type f .....)
# loop through files and create a new filename with the path within ( slashes replaced by underscores
for FILE in $FILES; do
NEW_FILENAME=$(printf "%s" "$FILE" | sed s/\\//_/g)
cp "$FILE" "/c/test/${NEW_FILENAME}"
done
from your question, I am unsure if a one liner is mandatory...
Related
Lets say I have 28k files in a folder with different random file name extensions....
See example:
br.AQ5702419254531904.GD14700006
br.CT7465737800862080.MV94400009
etc
etc
br.RH5816804080109504.BE59800003
etc
ect
etc
28k later...
How would i change them all to
br.AQ5702419254531904.GD14700006.txt or *.json
br.CT7465737800862080.MV94400009.txt or *.json
br.RH5816804080109504.BE59800003.txt or *.json
You could use a script like this:
while read -r path; do
mv -v "${path}" "${path}.txt"
done < <(find . -type f -not '(' -name '*.txt' -or -name '*.json' ')' )
This invoke find (and also work on file in directories), ignoring txt/sjon, and renaming file with *.txt.
You may also do that directly on the command line:
find . -type f -not '(' -name '*.txt' -or -name '*.json' ')' | while read -r path; do mv -v "${path}" "${path}.txt"; done
However, still will create a subprocess.
You can also use the rename command (which can accept regex):
rename 's/(br[.][A-Z0-9]{18}[.][A-Z0-9]{10})/\1.txt/g' *
If you wanted your regex to be broken down into multiple sets to make it more dynamic, you could do something like this:
rename 's/(br[.])([A-Z0-9]{18}[.])([A-Z0-9]{10})/\1\2\3.txt/g' *
This is a contrived example, but if you needed to do something like make br.AQ5702419254531904.GD14700006 into br.GD14700006.AQ5702419254531904.txt, you can do:
rename 's/(br[.])([A-Z0-9]{18}[.])([A-Z0-9]{10})/\1\3\2.txt/g' *
You'll notice that I flipped the remembered patterns, so that it was \1\3\2 to make that change. Everything contained in it's own set of parenthesis constitutes a group for the remembered pattern.
You just have to put 'em in a loop, you can use 'for':
#!/bin/bash
DIR="<your_directory_path>"
cd $DIR
for FILE in `ls $DIR`
do
mv $FILE $FILE.txt
done
I'm writing a shell script on a Linux machine to be run via a crontab which is meant to move all files older than the current day to a new folder, and then tar and zip the entire folder. Seems like a simple task but for some reason, I'm running into all kinds of roadblocks. I'm new to this and self-taught so any help or redirection would be greatly appreciated.
Specific criteria for which files to archive:
All log files are in /home/tech/logs/ and all pdfs are in /home/tech/logs/pdf
All files are over a day old as indicated by the file name (file name does not include $CURRENT_DATE)
All files must be *.log or *.pdf (i.e. don't archive files that don't include $CURRENT_DATE if it isn't a log or pdf file.
Filename formatting specifics:
All the log file names are in home/tech/logs in the format NAME 00_20180510.log, and all the pdf files are in a "pdf" subdirectory (home/tech/logs/pdf) with the format NAME 00_20180510_00000000.pdf ("20180510" would be whenever the file was created and the 0's would be any number). I need to use the name rather than the file metadata for the creation date, and all files (pdf/log) whose name does not include the current date are "old". I also can't just move all files that don't contain $CURRENT_DATE in the name because it would take any non-*.pdf or *.log files with it.
Right now the script creates a new folder with a new pdf subdir for the old files (mkdir -p /home/tech/logs/$ARCHIVE_NAME/pdf). I then want to move the old logs into $ARCHIVE_NAME, and move all old pdfs from the original pdf subdirectory into $ARCHIVE_NAME/pdf.
Current code:
find /home/tech/logs -maxdepth 1 -name ( "*[^$CURRENT_DATE].log" "*.log" ) -exec mv -t "$ARCHIVE_NAME" '{}' ';'
find /home/tech/logs/pdf -maxdepth 1 -name ( "*[^$CURRENT_DATE]*.pdf" "*.pdf" ) -exec mv -t "$ARCHIVE_NAME/pdf" '{}' ';'
This hasn't been working because it treats the numbers in $CURRENT_DATE as a list of numbers to exclude rather than a literal string.
I've considered just using tar's exclude options like this:
tar -cvzPf "$ARCHIVE_NAME.tgz" --directory /home/tech/logs --exclude="$CURRENT_DATE" --no-unquote --recursion --remove-files --files-from="/home/tech/logs/"
But a) it doesn't work, and b) it would theoretically include all files that weren't *.pdf or *.log files, which would be a problem.
Am I overcomplicating this? Is there a better way to go about this?
I would go about this using bash's extended glob features, which allow you to negate a pattern:
#!/bin/bash
shopt -s extglob
mv /home/tech/logs/*!("$CURRENT_DATE")*.log "$ARCHIVE_NAME"
mv /home/tech/logs/pdf/*!("$CURRENT_DATE")*.pdf "$ARCHIVE_NAME"/pdf
With extglob enabled, !(pattern) expands to everything that doesn't match the pattern (or list of pipe-separated patterns).
Using find it should also be possible:
find /home/tech/logs -name '*.log' -not -name "*$CURRENT_DATE*" -exec mv -t "$ARCHIVE_NAME" {} +
Building on #tom-fenech answer, optimized to avoid many mv invocations:
find /home/tech/logs -maxdepth 1 -name '*.log' -not -name "*_${CURRENT_DATE?}.log" | \
xargs mv -t "${ARCHIVE_NAME?}"
An interesting feature, from processing the file thru pipes, is the ability to filter them with extra tools (aka grep :), which can (arguably) become more readable i.e. ->
find /home/tech/logs -maxdepth 1 -name '*.log' | fgrep -v "_${CURRENT_DATE?}" | \
xargs mv -t "${ARCHIVE_NAME?}"
Then similarly for the pdf ones, BTW you can "dry-run" above by just replacing mv by echo mv.
--jjo
I would like to recursively find all files contained into a directory that has name “name1” or name “name2”
for instance:
structure/of/dir/name1/file1.a
structure/of/dir/name1/file2.b
structure/of/dir/name1/file3.c
structure/of/dir/name1/subfolder/file1s.a
structure/of/dir/name1/subfolder/file2s.b
structure/of/dir/name2/file1.a
structure/of/dir/name2/file2.b
structure/of/dir/name2/file3.c
structure/of/dir/name2/subfolder/file1s.a
structure/of/dir/name2/subfolder/file2s.b
structure/of/dir/name3/name1.a ←this should not show up in the result
structure/of/dir/name3/name2.a ←this should not show up in the result
so when I start my magic command the expected output should be this and only this:
structure/of/dir/name1/file1.a
structure/of/dir/name1/file2.b
structure/of/dir/name1/file3.c
structure/of/dir/name2/file1.a
structure/of/dir/name2/file2.b
structure/of/dir/name2/file3.c
I scripted something but it does not work because it search within the files and not only folder names:
for entry in $(find $SEARCH_DIR -type f | grep 'name1\|name2');
do
echo "FileName: $(basename $entry)"
done
If you can use the -regex option, avoiding subfolders with [^/]:
~$ find . -type f -regex ".*name1/[^/]*" -o -regex ".*name2/[^/]*"
./structure/of/dir/name2/file1.a
./structure/of/dir/name2/file3.c
./structure/of/dir/name2/subfolder
./structure/of/dir/name2/file2.b
./structure/of/dir/name1/file1.a
./structure/of/dir/name1/file3.c
./structure/of/dir/name1/file2.b
I'd use -path and -prune for this, since it's standard (unlike -regex which is GNU specific).
find . \( -path "*/name1/*" -o -path "*/name2/*" \) -prune -type f -print
But more importantly, never do for file in $(find...). Use finds -exec or a while read loop instead, depending on what you really need to with the matching files. See UsingFind and BashFAQ 20 for more on how to handle find safely.
Currently using this command to get all my "fanart" from my TV folder, and dump it into a single folder.
find /volume1/tv/ -type f \( -name '*fanart.jpg'* -o -path '*/fanart/*.jpg' -o -path '*/extrafanart/*.jpg' \) -exec cp {} /volume1/tv/_FANART \;
Here's the issue: a lot of these files have the same name, and can't be dumped into the same folder. Example:
Folder A
fanart.jpg
Folder B
fanart.jpg
Is there a way to copy these files from their respective folders and give them a unique name in the destination folder? Name needn't be anything descriptive, random is just fine.
Thanks!
find /volume1/tv/ -type f \( -name '*fanart.jpg'* -o -path '*/fanart/*.jpg' -o -path '*/extrafanart/*.jpg' \) -exec cp --backup=numbered {} /volume1/tv/_FANART \;
..
cp --backup=numbered {}
If the file exists, this will not overwrite but make a backup with a number assigned.
The files will be hidden. Ctrl+H to view hidden files
You could copy the files while giving them names according to their locations in the original directory tree. For instance (":" is legal but
unusual in filenames), your "find" command could call a shell script (rather than "cp" directly), which might look like this:
#!/bin/sh
case "x$1" in
x/volume1/tv/_FANART/*)
;;
*)
target=`echo "$1" | sed -e 's,^/volume1/tv/,,' -e s,/,:,g`
cp "$1" "$2/$target"
;;
esac
and the corresponding "-exec" would be
-exec myscript "{}" /volume1/tv/_FANART \;
By the way, the source/destination on the original example are in the same directory tree "/volume1/tv", which is why the sample script uses a case statement - to exclude files already copied to the _FANART folder.
If you want to use the md5sum as the new name:
find /volume1/tv/ -type d -path '/volume1/tv/_FANART' -prune -o -type f \( -name '*fanart.jpg'* -o -path '*/fanart/*.jpg' -o -path '*/extrafanart/*.jpg' \) -exec sh -c 'md5=$(md5sum < "$0") && md5=${md5%% *}.jpg && echo cp "$0" "/volume1/tv/_FANART/$md5"' {} \;
Every thing happens in the sh command (all commands are separated by && but I omitted the && for clarity):
md5=$(md5sum < "$0")
md5=${md5%% *}.jpg
cp "$0" "/volume1/tv/_FANART/$md5"'
the $0 expands to the filename processed. We first compute the md5sum of the file, then only keep the md5sum (md5sum puts a hyphen next to the hash) and append .jpg to that, and finally we copy the file into the target folder, with the computed name.
Notes.
I added
-type d -path '/volume1/tv/_FANART` -prune -o
to your command to omit this folder, since you very likely don't want to process it; it would actually be weird to process it, as its content is changed throughout find's traversal.
I left an echo in the command, so that absolutely nothing is copied (as is, it's 100% safe, you can just copy and paste it in your terminal): it only shows what commands are going to be performed (and you'll also see how fast/slow it is).
The command is 100% safe regarding funny filenames with spaces, newlines, globs, etc.
I used md5sum < fileand not md5sum file, because if the filename file contains special characters (like backslashes, newlines, etc.), md5sum (at least my version) prepends the hash with a backslash. Weird. By not giving a filename, we're safe, this won't happen.
If I have a list of filenames in a text file that I want to exclude when I run find, how can I do that? For example, I want to do something like:
find /dir -name "*.gz" -exclude_from skip_files
and get all the .gz files in /dir except for the files listed in skip_files. But find has no -exclude_from flag. How can I skip all the files in skip_files?
I don't think find has an option like this, you could build a command using printf and your exclude list:
find /dir -name "*.gz" $(printf "! -name %s " $(cat skip_files))
Which is the same as doing:
find /dir -name "*.gz" ! -name first_skip ! -name second_skip .... etc
Alternatively you can pipe from find into grep:
find /dir -name "*.gz" | grep -vFf skip_files
This is what i usually do to remove some files from the result (In this case i looked for all text files but wasn't interested in a bunch of valgrind memcheck reports we have here and there):
find . -type f -name '*.txt' ! -name '*mem*.txt'
It seems to be working.
I think you can try like
find /dir \( -name "*.gz" ! -name skip_file1 ! -name skip_file2 ...so on \)
find /var/www/test/ -type f \( -iname "*.*" ! -iname "*.php" ! -iname "*.jpg" ! -iname "*.png" \)
The above command gives list of all files excluding files with .php, .jpg ang .png extension. This command works for me in putty.
Josh Jolly's grep solution works, but has O(N**2) complexity, making it too slow for long lists. If the lists are sorted first (O(N*log(N)) complexity), you can use comm, which has O(N) complexity:
find /dir -name '*.gz' |sort >everything_sorted
sort skip_files >skip_files_sorted
comm -23 everything_sorted skip_files_sorted | xargs . . . etc
man your computer's comm for details.
This solution will go through all files (not exactly excluding from the find command), but will produce an output skipping files from a list of exclusions.
I found that useful while running a time-consuming command (file /dir -exec md5sum {} \;).
You can create a shell script to handle the skipping logic and run commands on the files found (make it executable with chmod, replace echo with other commands):
$ cat skip_file.sh
#!/bin/bash
found=$(grep "^$1$" files_to_skip.txt)
if [ -z "$found" ]; then
# run your command
echo $1
fi
Create a file with the list of files to skip named files_to_skip.txt (on the dir you are running from).
Then use find using it:
find /dir -name "*.gz" -exec ./skip_file.sh {} \;
This should work:
find * -name "*.gz" $(printf "! -path %s " $(<skip_files.txt))
Working out
Assuming skip_files has a filename on each line, you can get the list of filenames via $(<skip_files.txt). E.g. echo $(<skip_files.txt) should print them all out.
For each filename you want to have a ! -path filename expression. To build this, use $(printf "! -path %s " $(<skip_files.txt))
Then, put it together with a filter on -name "*.gz"