How can I change the format of a string so that ImageGrab accepts it?
My task is to get the coordinates for the container from the file and paste their values into the box.
There is only one line in the file and it has the format: 335,50,467,70.
If I substitute these values directly, and not through a variable, the script works perfectly. But he refuses to take values from the file.
What do i do?
from PIL import ImageGrab
with open(r"C:\Users\admin\Desktop\area.txt", "r") as file:
lines = file.readline()
print(lines)
box = (lines)
#box = (335,50,467,70) # If so, then everything works perfectly
print(box)
img = ImageGrab.grab(box)
#img.show()
To expand on my comment a little, you have a string: lines = "335,50,467,70"
You can split the string by separating across the commas to give a list of strings, like so:
box = lines.split(',')
box
>>> ["335", "50", "467", "70"]
Then, you can iterate over the list and cast each item to an int like so:
box = tuple(int(item) for item in lines.split(','))
box
>>> (335, 50, 467, 70)
Related
I want my data like <Prags>87654321</Prags>,
<Cookie>2476157</Cookie> <Guddu>98765</Guddu>
My data is like <Prags>87654321;
Replace the semicolon with the first word of the sentence.
Given your information, I suppose you have either a file or multiline string with information that you want to process. If your multiline string looks like this:
data = """
<Prags>87654321;
<Cookie>87654321;
<Guddu>87654321;
<Prags>87654321;
<Prags>87654321;"""
I would split this string into individual lines and extract the tag using re as follows:
# extracting lines
lines = data.splitlines()
# this function looks for tags
# if there are no tags, it returns empty string
def find_tag(line):
try:
return re.match("<[^>]*>", line).group()
except AttributeError:
return ""
# we then iterate over lines and process them
for line in lines:
line = line.replace(";", find_tag(line))
print(line)
Do not forget to import re package with import re.
For school, I need to create a spell checker, using python. I decided to do it using a GUI created with tkinter. I need to be able to input a text (.txt) file that will be checked, and a dictionary file, also a text file. The program needs to open both files, check the check file against the dictionary file, and then display any words that are misspelled.
Here's my code:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
def checkFile():
# get the sequence of words from a file
text = open(file_ent.get())
dictDoc = open(dict_ent.get())
for ch in '!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?#[\\]^_`{|}~':
text = text.replace(ch, ' ')
words = text.split()
# make a dictionary of the word counts
wordDict = {}
for w in words:
wordDict[w] = wordDict.get(w,0) + 1
for k in dictDict:
dictDoc.pop(k, None)
misspell_lbl["text"] = dictDoc
# Set-up the window
window = tk.Tk()
window.title("Temperature Converter")
window.resizable(width=False, height=False)
# Setup Layout
frame_a = tk.Frame(master=window)
file_lbl = tk.Label(master=frame_a, text="File Name")
space_lbl = tk.Label(master=frame_a, width = 6)
dict_lbl =tk.Label(master=frame_a, text="Dictionary File")
file_lbl.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
space_lbl.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
dict_lbl.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
frame_b = tk.Frame(master=window)
file_ent = tk.Entry(master=frame_b, width=20)
dict_ent = tk.Entry(master=frame_b, width=20)
file_ent.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
dict_ent.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
check_btn = tk.Button(master=window, text="Spellcheck", command=checkFile)
frame_c = tk.Frame(master=window)
message_lbl = tk.Label(master=frame_c, text="Misspelled Words:")
misspell_lbl = tk.Label(master=frame_c, text="")
message_lbl.pack()
misspell_lbl.pack()
frame_a.pack()
frame_b.pack()
check_btn.pack()
frame_c.pack()
# Run the application
window.mainloop()
I want the file to check against the dictionary and display the misspelled words in the misspell_lbl.
The test files I'm using to make it work, and to submit with the assignment are here:
check file
dictionary file
I preloaded the files to the site that I'm submitting this on, so it should just be a matter of entering the file name and extension, not the entire path.
I'm pretty sure the problem is with my function to read and check the file, I've been beating my head on a wall trying to solve this, and I'm stuck. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks.
The first problem is with how you try to read the files. open(...) will return a _io.TextIOWrapper object, not a string and this is what causes your error. To get the text from the file, you need to use .read(), like this:
def checkFile():
# get the sequence of words from a file
with open(file_ent.get()) as f:
text = f.read()
with open(dict_ent.get()) as f:
dictDoc = f.read().splitlines()
The with open(...) as f part gives you a file object called f, and automatically closes the file when it's done. This is more concise version of
f = open(...)
text = f.read()
f.close()
f.read() will get the text from the file. For the dictionary I also added .splitlines() to turn the newline separated text into a list.
I couldn't really see where you'd tried to check for misspelled words, but you can do it with a list comprehension.
misspelled = [x for x in words if x not in dictDoc]
This gets every word which is not in the dictionary file and adds it to a list called misspelled. Altogether, the checkFile function now looks like this, and works as expected:
def checkFile():
# get the sequence of words from a file
with open(file_ent.get()) as f:
text = f.read()
with open(dict_ent.get()) as f:
dictDoc = f.read().splitlines()
for ch in '!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?#[\\]^_`{|}~':
text = text.replace(ch, ' ')
words = text.split()
# make a dictionary of the word counts
wordDict = {}
for w in words:
wordDict[w] = wordDict.get(w,0) + 1
misspelled = [x for x in words if x not in dictDoc]
misspell_lbl["text"] = misspelled
I am trying to encode a set of coordinates taken from a csv file using google's polyline.encode funcion. This function takes coordinates in the following format
polyline.encode([(38.5, -120.2), (40.7, -120.9), (43.2, -126.4)], 5)
I read every line of the csv and format and pass it to a variable and then adding brackets so that the polyline.encode can run it. However my code breaks there. Do i need to convert it to a string?
This is my for loop function which formats the coords correctly
filename = 'coords.csv'
file = open(filename, encoding="utf8")
result = ""
for line in file:
currentline = line.split(",")
result += '('+currentline[1]+', '+ currentline[2]+')'+','
coords = f'[{result}]'
print(coords)
which then prints the coordinates
Then i try to call
polyline.encode(coords)
and my script breaks
EDIT: the polyline requires me to give the coordinate sin tuple format
:param coordinates: List of coordinate tuples, e.g. [(0, 0), (1, 0)].
Any help or advice is appreciated.
You need to use the a list composed of the Tuple data type and right now you're just using a string formatted to look like an list of Tuple elements.
Try this:
filename = 'coords.csv'
file = open(filename, encoding="utf8")
coords= []
for line in file:
currentline = line.split(",")
coords.append(( float(currentline[1]), float(currentline[2]) ))
print(coords)
polyline.encode(coords)
My application offers the ability to the user to export its results. My application exports text files with name Exp_Text_1, Exp_Text_2 etc. I want it so that if a file with the same file name pre-exists in Desktop then to start counting from this number upwards. For example if a file with name Exp_Text_3 is already in Desktop, then I want the file to be created to have the name Exp_Text_4.
This is my code:
if len(str(self.Output_Box.get("1.0", "end"))) == 1:
self.User_Line_Text.set("Nothing to export!")
else:
import os.path
self.txt_file_num = self.txt_file_num + 1
file_name = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "Desktop", "Exp_Txt" + "_" + str(self.txt_file_num) + ".txt")
file = open(file_name, "a")
file.write(self.Output_Box.get("1.0", "end"))
file.close()
self.User_Line_Text.set("A text file has been exported to Desktop!")
you likely want os.path.exists:
>>> import os
>>> help(os.path.exists)
Help on function exists in module genericpath:
exists(path)
Test whether a path exists. Returns False for broken symbolic links
a very basic example would be create a file name with a formatting mark to insert the number for multiple checks:
import os
name_to_format = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "Desktop", "Exp_Txt_{}.txt")
#the "{}" is a formatting mark so we can do file_name.format(num)
num = 1
while os.path.exists(name_to_format.format(num)):
num+=1
new_file_name = name_to_format.format(num)
this would check each filename starting with Exp_Txt_1.txt then Exp_Txt_2.txt etc. until it finds one that does not exist.
However the format mark may cause a problem if curly brackets {} are part of the rest of the path, so it may be preferable to do something like this:
import os
def get_file_name(num):
return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "Desktop", "Exp_Txt_" + str(num) + ".txt")
num = 1
while os.path.exists(get_file_name(num)):
num+=1
new_file_name = get_file_name(num)
EDIT: answer to why don't we need get_file_name function in first example?
First off if you are unfamiliar with str.format you may want to look at Python doc - common string operations and/or this simple example:
text = "Hello {}, my name is {}."
x = text.format("Kotropoulos","Tadhg")
print(x)
print(text)
The path string is figured out with this line:
name_to_format = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "Desktop", "Exp_Txt_{}.txt")
But it has {} in the place of the desired number. (since we don't know what the number should be at this point) so if the path was for example:
name_to_format = "/Users/Tadhg/Desktop/Exp_Txt_{}.txt"
then we can insert a number with:
print(name_to_format.format(1))
print(name_to_format.format(2))
and this does not change name_to_format since str objects are Immutable so the .format returns a new string without modifying name_to_format. However we would run into a problem if out path was something like these:
name_to_format = "/Users/Bob{Cat}/Desktop/Exp_Txt_{}.txt"
#or
name_to_format = "/Users/Bobcat{}/Desktop/Exp_Txt_{}.txt"
#or
name_to_format = "/Users/Smiley{:/Desktop/Exp_Txt_{}.txt"
Since the formatting mark we want to use is no longer the only curly brackets and we can get a variety of errors:
KeyError: 'Cat'
IndexError: tuple index out of range
ValueError: unmatched '{' in format spec
So you only want to rely on str.format when you know it is safe to use. Hope this helps, have fun coding!
I have this file that contains something like this:
OOOOOOXOOOO
OOOOOXOOOOO
OOOOXOOOOOO
XXOOXOOOOOO
XXXXOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOO
And I need to read it into a 2D list so it looks like this:
[[O,O,O,O,O,O,X,O,O,O,O],[O,O,O,O,O,X,O,O,O,O,O],[O,O,O,O,X,O,O,O,O,O,O],[X,X,O,O,X,O,O,O,O,O,O],[X,X,X,X,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O],[O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,O]
I have this code:
ins = open(filename, "r" )
data = []
for line in ins:
number_strings = line.split() # Split the line on runs of whitespace
numbers = [(n) for n in number_strings]
data.append(numbers) # Add the "row" to your list.
return data
But it doesn't seem to be working because the O's and X's do not have spaces between them. Any ideas?
Just use data.append(list(line.rstrip())) list accepts a string as argument and just splits them on every character.