I'm aware of the fact that pygame's screen.blit is not meant to support multiple lines, however I can't figure out a work around. All of the other threads that ask this question just don't work with my code. How do I make this work?
I've tried to split response into two by using splitline() on DisplayRoom.prompt and then having the game just load two lines separately, but DisplayRoom.prompt.splitline() does not turn `DisplayRoom.prompt from a tuple to a list and only returns the value for it.
screen.fill(background_colour)
txt_surface = userfont.render(text, True, color)
screen.blit(txt_surface, (100, 800))
response = promptfont.render(DisplayRoom.prompt, True, color)
screen.blit(response, (80, 300))
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick_busy_loop(60) # limit FPS
When I defined DisplayRoom.prompt, I expected \n to linebreak it but it doesn't work which is why I'm here.
It is not Surface.blit which doesn't support multiple lines. blit simply draw a Surface on another Surface, it doesn't care what the Surface contains.
It's pygame.Font.render which doesn't support multilines. The docs clearly say:
The text can only be a single line: newline characters are not rendered.
So I don't know what DisplayRoom.prompt is in your code, but if is not a string, is bound to fail: render raises a TypeError: text must be a unicode or bytes.
And if is a string with newlines, newlines are just not rendered.
You have to split the text and render each line separately.
In the following example I create a simple function blitlines which illustrates how you could do.
import sys
import pygame
def blitlines(surf, text, renderer, color, x, y):
h = renderer.get_height()
lines = text.split('\n')
for i, ll in enumerate(lines):
txt_surface = renderer.render(ll, True, color)
surf.blit(txt_surface, (x, y+(i*h)))
background_colour = (0, 0, 0)
textcolor = (255, 255, 255)
multitext = "Hello World!\nGoodbye World!\nI'm back World!"
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 500))
userfont = pygame.font.Font(None, 40)
screen.fill(background_colour)
blitlines(screen, multitext, userfont, textcolor, 100, 100)
pygame.display.flip()
#main loop
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
This is the result on the screen.
Related
I'm in my early days of pygame coding, but here is the piece I am trying to figure out right now, which is to draw the dialogue box, then the text on top of it. When ran, I see the displayed dialogue box, but no text.
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import os
pygame.init()
SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode([SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT])
class Text(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, text):
# Call the parent class (Sprite) constructor
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
os.chdir(r"<my directory to the dialogue box>.png")
self.surf = pygame.image.load("spikey_box.png").convert()
os.chdir(r"<my directory to my font>")
self.font = pygame.font.Font("final_fantasy_36_font.ttf", 12)
# set up dialogue box sprite
self.rect = self.surf.get_rect()
self.rect.center = (400, 500)
screen.blit(self.surf, self.rect)
# for text
self.textSurf = self.font.render(text, True, (255, 255, 255))
self.textRect = self.textSurf.get_rect()
self.textRect.center = (400, 500)
screen.blit(self.textSurf, self.textRect)
test_message = Text("Hello, world!")
running = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
running = False
elif event.type == QUIT:
running = False
pressed_keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(test_message.surf, test_message.rect)
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(30)
pygame.quit()
I have some sample code that I was able to adapt a little and make work for another piece I'm working on that I tried to use for inspiration to build the class:
def text_objects(text, font):
textSurface = font.render(text, True, (0, 0, 0))
return textSurface, textSurface.get_rect()
def message_display(text):
largeText = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 20)
TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects(text, largeText)
TextRect.center = ((SCREEN_WIDTH//2), (SCREEN_HEIGHT//2))
screen.blit(TextSurf, TextRect)
The set of two functions were defined outside of the game loop, and worked fine when called from within the game loop as {message_display(f-string)}. I respectfully request guidance to learn how to ask the right question to figure out how to make the class implementation work. I want to build on it to the point that I can call the dialogue window and allow the player to scroll back over dialogue already given in that instanced conversation.
Thank you in advance!
When you make a PyGame Sprite based on pygame.sprite.Sprite, you must define two variables as a minimum:
sprite.image - used to hold the sprite bitmap
sprite.rect - defines the location and size of the .image
Your Text Sprite does not appear to be creating the .image so it wont work as a normal sprite. But since you directly blit() the Text.surf to the display, you've dodged this issue for now.
The code is not writing the text image on top of the background dialogue. It's writing it directly to the screen in the sprite __init__(). Once the sprite is constructed, this screen update is lost.
Probably you need something like:
class Text(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, text):
# Call the parent class (Sprite) constructor
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
os.chdir(r"<my directory to the dialogue box>.png")
self.image = pygame.image.load("spikey_box.png").convert()
os.chdir(r"<my directory to my font>")
# Draw the text, centred on the background
self.font = pygame.font.Font("final_fantasy_36_font.ttf", 12)
text = self.font.render(text, True, (255, 255, 255))
centre_x = ( self.rect.width - text.get_width() ) // 2
centre_y = ( self.rect.height - text.get_height() ) // 2
self.image.blit( text, ( centre_x, centre_y ) )
# Set the rect
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.center = (400, 500)
Which loads the dialogue background image, and then rendered the text centred into that box so there is just a single image.
Since surf has been renamed to image, the main loop needs a tweak:
...
screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(test_message.image, test_message.rect)
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(30)
pygame.quit()
But really the code should use the PyGame Sprite functions for drawing, rather than accessing the internal Surface directly.
Thank you #Kingsley for your input, and you're definitely right, and helped point me in the right direction. I found that the issue was how I was instantiating the class object, and performing an odd call in the game loop that didn't really make sense. I was trying to blit a blit. I restructured my class object, and it now works perfectly!
class Text(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
# Call the parent class (Sprite) constructor
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
os.chdir(r"C:\Users\mcbri\Documents\Python\master\Resources\pv1\pv1_objects")
self.surf = pygame.image.load("spikey_box.png").convert() #for box
os.chdir(r"C:\Users\mcbri\Documents\Python\master\Resources\fonts")
self.font = pygame.font.Font("final_fantasy_36_font.ttf", 12)
self.rect = self.surf.get_rect()
self.rect.center = (400, 500)
def pop_message(self, text):
screen.blit(self.surf, self.rect)
self.textSurf = self.font.render(text, True, (255, 255, 255))
self.textRect = self.textSurf.get_rect()
self.textRect.center = (400, 500)
screen.blit(self.textSurf, self.textRect)
...in loop:
elif event.type == QUIT:
running = False
pressed_keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
test_message.pop_message("Hello, world!")
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(30)
Thank you so much for the fast input!
The Problem: I cannot display the diacritics ('Umlaut points') in German text when they're upper case.
I would like to display a word like 'Übung' (Practice/Exercise in Engl.) But the tops gets cut off resulting in the the two dots not being displayed but comes out as 'Ubung'.
It cannot be the encoding since lower caser 'ü' does get displayed property. Trying to display 'Üü' results in 'Uü'.
I have this MWE from 'Invent your own Computer Games with Python', Chapter 17.
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
# Set up pygame.
pygame.init()
# Set up the window.
windowSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 400), 0, 32)
pygame.display.set_caption('Hello world!')
# Set up the colors.
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
# Set up the fonts.
basicFont = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
# Set up the text.
text = basicFont.render('Hello Übungswörld!', True, GREEN, BLUE)
textRect = text.get_rect()
textRect.centerx = windowSurface.get_rect().centerx
textRect.centery = windowSurface.get_rect().centery
# Draw the white background onto the surface.
windowSurface.fill(WHITE)
# Get a pixel array of the surface.
pixArray = pygame.PixelArray(windowSurface)
pixArray[480][380] = BLACK
del pixArray
# Draw the text onto the surface.
windowSurface.blit(text, textRect)
# Draw the window onto the screen.
pygame.display.update()
# Run the game loop.
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
OS: MacOS 10.14.4
Fonts tried: System font (None), 'Palatino', 'helveticattc', 'comicsansmsttf'.
The odd thing is when I run this code in PyCharm, ComicSans ('comicsansmsttf') will render Ü but Helvetica and Palatino won't display the dots.
The problem is not the rect of the text. pygame.font.Font.render() automatically set the surface size, no way it cuts part of the letters.
It's likely that the default pygame font (the one used when you pass None to SysFont) does not support dieresis on capital letters.
Try to pass a different font, such as Arial or Times New Roman.
basicFont = pygame.font.SysFont("Arial", 48)
I tried with Arial and Times New Roman. Both show the dieresis on the capital letter, but you can choose a different one of course, as long as it is installed on your system.
For more info:
pygame.font.get_default_font() tells you which is the default pygame font.
pygame.font.get_fonts() returns a list of fonts available for pygame.
I have built a game that logs and saves the users score, using pickle, to a text file. When their lives are used up, they enter their name and their name and score are saved to a text file. Currently, if the "High Scores" section is selected on the main menu the high scores are simply printed in the python shell (or CMD if they're using that). I would like to create a separate window for just displaying the high scores. The window would simply display the scores and would refresh every time it is opened.
Currently I have the code to load the pickled file and create a new window. If I enter static text it works fine but when I try to display the text file contents I get the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\LearnArabic\Program\Test1.py", line 22, in
textsurface = myfont.render(high_scores, False, (0, 0, 0))
TypeError: text must be a unicode or bytes
Here is my code:
import pygame
from operator import itemgetter
import pickle
pygame.font.init()
high_scores = []
with open("C:\\LearnArabic\\HighScores\\HighScores.txt", 'rb') as f:
high_scores = pickle.load(f)
#Background color
background_color = (255,255,255)
(width, height) = (400, 500)
HighScoreScreen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
pygame.display.set_caption('High Scores')
HighScoreScreen.fill(background_color)
#Displaying text on window
myfont = pygame.font.SysFont('Comic Sans MS', 30)
textsurface = myfont.render(high_scores, False, (0, 0, 0))
HighScoreScreen.blit(textsurface,(0,0))
pygame.display.flip()
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type ==pygame.QUIT:
running = False
Is there a different function from render that would allow me to display the results in a tabular form?
I'm relatively new to programming and am using python 3. Thanks for the help!
You could blit the highscores onto another surface and then blit this surf onto the screen. To blit the highscore list, use a for loop and enumerate the list, so that you can multiply the y-offset by i. To toggle the highscore surface, you can just add a variable highscores_visible = False and then do highscores_visible = not highscores_visible, and in the main loop check if highscores_visible: # blit the surf (press 'h' to update and toggle the highscore table in the example below). Of course you need to make sure that the names and highscores fit onto the surface.
import pygame
pygame.font.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 500))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
high_scores = [
('Carrie', 350),
('Arthur', 200),
('Doug', 100),
]
background_color = (255, 255, 255)
highscore_surface = pygame.Surface((300, 400))
highscore_surface.fill((90, 100, 120))
myfont = pygame.font.SysFont('Comic Sans MS', 30)
highscores_visible = False
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_h:
highscores_visible = not highscores_visible
if highscores_visible:
highscore_surface.fill((90, 100, 120))
for i, (name, score) in enumerate(high_scores):
text = myfont.render('{} {}'.format(name, score), True, (0, 0, 0))
highscore_surface.blit(text, (50, 30*i+5))
screen.fill(background_color)
if highscores_visible:
screen.blit(highscore_surface, (50, 50))
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(60)
pygame.quit()
Regarding the TypeError, you can't pass a list to myfont.render only a string or byte string, so you have to convert the list, e.g. str(high_scores). However, if you just convert the high_scores list into a string before you pass it, pygame will render the whole list as one line. You need to use a for loop if you want several lines of text.
I am trying do end credits like animation the code above for Title crawl, I am trying to make the following changes to it:- 1) The text should begin at the bottom of screen at certain location, such that no other text from the string should be displayed below that location on the screen. 2) The text should stop at certain location on top of screen such that the line at the top should be deleted as soon as it reaches that location making room for other lines in the string.
I am a python newbie, I am just experimenting with things, the following code doesn't belong to me either.
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('Title Crawl')
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1000, 800))
screen_r = screen.get_rect()
font = pygame.font.SysFont("franklingothicdemibold", 40)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
def main():
crawl = ["Star Wars - The Wilds"," ","It is a dark time for the Galaxy. The evil Dark","Lord, Vitiate is rising to power. Alone, a single", "spec is on a trip, a trip that will ultimately", "rectify the wrongs of the galaxy. The keepers ", "of peace are dying out and the DARK SIDE is", "lurking, a conniving force determined to", "become the omniarch."]
texts = []
# we render the text once, since it's easier to work with surfaces
# also, font rendering is a performance killer
for i, line in enumerate(crawl):
s = font.render(line, 1, (229, 177, 58))
# we also create a Rect for each Surface.
# whenever you use rects with surfaces, it may be a good idea to use sprites instead
# we give each rect the correct starting position
r = s.get_rect(centerx=screen_r.centerx, y=screen_r.bottom + i * 45)
texts.append((r, s))
while True:
for e in pygame.event.get():
if e.type == QUIT or e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
return
screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
for r, s in texts:
# now we just move each rect by one pixel each frame
r.move_ip(0, -1)
# and drawing is as simple as this
screen.blit(s, r)
# if all rects have left the screen, we exit
if not screen_r.collidelistall([r for (r, _) in texts]):
return
# only call this once so the screen does not flicker
pygame.display.flip()
# cap framerate at 60 FPS
clock.tick(60)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Use set_clip() to set the clipping region of the display surface.
e.g. Clip 100 rows at the top and the bottom:
# set clipping rectangle
clip_rect = (0, 100, screen.get_width(), screen.get_height()-200)
screen.set_clip(clip_rect)
for r, s in texts:
# now we just move each rect by one pixel each frame
r.move_ip(0, -1)
# and drawing is as simple as this
screen.blit(s, r)
# cancel clipping for further drawing
screen.set_clip(None)
So Ive been having issues with getting a sprite to stay withing the bounds of the screen. I got it to work with a simple rect(0,0,16,16), but i cant seem to get it to work with a sprite being blit onto the screen. What do i need to change in order to keep my sprite clamped within the screen res? I only just started today using classes to orgonize code so any input is appreciated and helpful.
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from pygame import Color
class Game():
""" Lets try to get this going by simple steps
One by one. First step, lets figure how to make a class
that can do the display stuff. Lord have mercy on my soul"""
def __init__(self, wi=256, hi=224, multii=3):
"""Initialization"""
pygame.init()
self.runGame = True
self.width = wi*multii
self.height = hi*multii
self.spritesize = 16*multii
self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
self.fps = self.clock.get_fps()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.width, self.height))
self.kl = []
self.walk = [0, 0]
self.speed = multii*1.5
self.x,self.y = self.width/2, self.height/2
self.playerSpr = pygame.image.load('images/'+'link1.png').convert_alpha()
self.playerRec = Rect(self.playerSpr.get_rect())
def mainLoop(self):
"""Loop through the main game routines
1. Drawing 2. Input handling 3. Updating
Then loop through it until user quits"""
while self.runGame:
self.clock.tick(60)
self.events()
self.draw()
def events(self):
"""Time to handle some events"""
for e in pygame.event.get():
if (e.type == pygame.QUIT) or (e.type == KEYDOWN and e.key == K_ESCAPE):
self.runGame = False
break
if e.type==KEYDOWN:
if e.key==pygame.K_a: self.kl.append(1)
if e.key==pygame.K_d: self.kl.append(2)
if e.key==pygame.K_w: self.kl.append(3)
if e.key==pygame.K_s: self.kl.append(4)
if e.type==pygame.KEYUP:
if e.key==pygame.K_a: self.kl.remove(1)
if e.key==pygame.K_d: self.kl.remove(2)
if e.key==pygame.K_w: self.kl.remove(3)
if e.key==pygame.K_s: self.kl.remove(4)
if self.kl[-1:]==[1]: self.walk=[-self.speed, 0]
elif self.kl[-1:]==[2]: self.walk=[ self.speed, 0]
elif self.kl[-1:]==[3]: self.walk=[0,-self.speed]
elif self.kl[-1:]==[4]: self.walk=[0, self.speed]
else: self.walk=[0, 0]
self.x+=self.walk[0]
self.y+=self.walk[1]
def draw(self):
"""Draw and update the main screen"""
self.fps = self.clock.get_fps()
self.screen.fill(Color('purple'))
#print self.screen.get_rect()
#print player_rect
self.playerSpr.clamp_ip(self.screen.get_rect())
#pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, (255, 255, 255), self.playerrect)
self.screen.blit(self.playerSpr, (self.x,self.y), self.playerRec)
pygame.display.set_caption('Grid2. FPS: '+str(self.fps))
pygame.display.update()
game = Game()
game.mainLoop()
Why not use playerRec to keep track of the position of your player instead of the additional x and y attributes?
I suggest also using the move method (or move_ip):
def events(self):
for e in pygame.event.get():
...
self.playerRec.move_ip(*self.walk) # instead of self.x+=self.walk[0] / self.y+=self.walk[1]
def draw(self):
...
# probably do this right after 'move_ip'
self.playerRec.clamp_ip(self.screen.get_rect())
# note that 'blit' accepts a 'Rect' as second parameter
self.screen.blit(self.playerSpr, self.playerRec)
as a side note: You should consider using a Sprite, since it basically combines an Image and a Rect.
Two things:
You are not stopping movement of the sprite when it comes off the screen.
Make an move functions that will get a direction and will decide if it can move more to the side. That way when the right side of the sprite will be of screen, you will not move more to the right.
Since you put your direction keys in a list that works like a stack, you are only getting 1 direction per keypress. If you also want to move diagonally either make two lists one for both directions or use a easier method such as this:
if KEYDOWN == K_LEFT: direction_x = -1
if KEYUP == K_LEFT AND direction_x == -1: direction_x = 0
do this for every key.