After creating a few directories and hidden files and running the following commands
ls -al | wc -l
ls -a1 | wc -l
I get a difference in the total returned by the word count program. The
ls -al | wc -l
command returns one more count. Why is this?
$ ls -al | head -n 1
total 57600
This line is not shown with -1.
| is the pipe that connect the command, the output of left command ls -al is the input of right command wc -l.
output of command ls -al is string then wc -l will count the string as a file content,The file names in the string content isn't the argument for command wc -l.
the command xargs is useful,you can use it.
like:
ls -a | xargs wc -l
# find command to find files
find ./* | xargs wc -l
I have a directory with a large number of files. I am attempting to search for text located in at least one of the files. The text is likely located in one of the more recent files. What is the command to do this? I thought it would look something like ls -t | head -5 | grep abaaba.
For example, if I have 5 files returned from ls -t | head -5:
- file1, file2, file3, file4, file5, I need to know which of those files contains abaaba.
It's not really clear what you are trying to do. But I assume the efficiency is your main goal. I would use something like:
ls -t | while read -r f; do grep -lF abaaba "$f" && break;done
This will print only first file containing the string and stops the search. If you want to see actual lines use -H instead of -l. And if you have regex instead of mere string drop -F which will make grep run slower however.
ls -t | while read -r f; do grep -H abaaba "$f" && break;done
Of course if you want to continue the search I'd suggest dropping "&& break".
ls -t | while read -r f; do grep -HF abaaba "$f";done
If you have some ideas about the time frame, it's good idea to try find.
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -mtime -2 -exec grep -HF abaaba {} \;
You can raise the number after -mtime to cover more than last 2 days.
If you're just doing this interactively, and you know you don't have spaces in your filenames, then you can do:
grep abaaba $(ls -t | head -5) # DO NOT USE THIS IN A SCRIPT
If writing this in an alias or for repeat future use, do it the "proper" way that takes more typing, but that doesn't break on spaces and other things in filenames.
If you have spaces but not newlines, you can also do
(IFS=$'\n' grep abaaba $(ls -t | head -5) )
How can I recursively count files in a Linux directory?
I found this:
find DIR_NAME -type f ¦ wc -l
But when I run this it returns the following error.
find: paths must precede expression: ¦
This should work:
find DIR_NAME -type f | wc -l
Explanation:
-type f to include only files.
| (and not ¦) redirects find command's standard output to wc command's standard input.
wc (short for word count) counts newlines, words and bytes on its input (docs).
-l to count just newlines.
Notes:
Replace DIR_NAME with . to execute the command in the current folder.
You can also remove the -type f to include directories (and symlinks) in the count.
It's possible this command will overcount if filenames can contain newline characters.
Explanation of why your example does not work:
In the command you showed, you do not use the "Pipe" (|) to kind-of connect two commands, but the broken bar (¦) which the shell does not recognize as a command or something similar. That's why you get that error message.
For the current directory:
find -type f | wc -l
If you want a breakdown of how many files are in each dir under your current dir:
for i in */ .*/ ; do
echo -n $i": " ;
(find "$i" -type f | wc -l) ;
done
That can go all on one line, of course. The parenthesis clarify whose output wc -l is supposed to be watching (find $i -type f in this case).
On my computer, rsync is a little bit faster than find | wc -l in the accepted answer:
$ rsync --stats --dry-run -ax /path/to/dir /tmp
Number of files: 173076
Number of files transferred: 150481
Total file size: 8414946241 bytes
Total transferred file size: 8414932602 bytes
The second line has the number of files, 150,481 in the above example. As a bonus you get the total size as well (in bytes).
Remarks:
the first line is a count of files, directories, symlinks, etc all together, that's why it is bigger than the second line.
the --dry-run (or -n for short) option is important to not actually transfer the files!
I used the -x option to "don't cross filesystem boundaries", which means if you execute it for / and you have external hard disks attached, it will only count the files on the root partition.
You can use
$ tree
after installing the tree package with
$ sudo apt-get install tree
(on a Debian / Mint / Ubuntu Linux machine).
The command shows not only the count of the files, but also the count of the directories, separately. The option -L can be used to specify the maximum display level (which, by default, is the maximum depth of the directory tree).
Hidden files can be included too by supplying the -a option .
Since filenames in UNIX may contain newlines (yes, newlines), wc -l might count too many files. I would print a dot for every file and then count the dots:
find DIR_NAME -type f -printf "." | wc -c
Note: The -printf option does only work with find from GNU findutils. You may need to install it, on a Mac for example.
Combining several of the answers here together, the most useful solution seems to be:
find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -print0 |
xargs -0 -I {} sh -c 'echo -e $(find "{}" -printf "\n" | wc -l) "{}"' |
sort -n
It can handle odd things like file names that include spaces parenthesis and even new lines. It also sorts the output by the number of files.
You can increase the number after -maxdepth to get sub directories counted too. Keep in mind that this can potentially take a long time, particularly if you have a highly nested directory structure in combination with a high -maxdepth number.
If you want to know how many files and sub-directories exist from the present working directory you can use this one-liner
find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} sh -c 'echo -e $(find {} | wc -l) {}' | sort -n
This will work in GNU flavour, and just omit the -e from the echo command for BSD linux (e.g. OSX).
You can use the command ncdu. It will recursively count how many files a Linux directory contains. Here is an example of output:
It has a progress bar, which is convenient if you have many files:
To install it on Ubuntu:
sudo apt-get install -y ncdu
Benchmark: I used https://archive.org/details/cv_corpus_v1.tar (380390 files, 11 GB) as the folder where one has to count the number of files.
find . -type f | wc -l: around 1m20s to complete
ncdu: around 1m20s to complete
If what you need is to count a specific file type recursively, you can do:
find YOUR_PATH -name '*.html' -type f | wc -l
-l is just to display the number of lines in the output.
If you need to exclude certain folders, use -not -path
find . -not -path './node_modules/*' -name '*.js' -type f | wc -l
tree $DIR_PATH | tail -1
Sample Output:
5309 directories, 2122 files
If you want to avoid error cases, don't allow wc -l to see files with newlines (which it will count as 2+ files)
e.g. Consider a case where we have a single file with a single EOL character in it
> mkdir emptydir && cd emptydir
> touch $'file with EOL(\n) character in it'
> find -type f
./file with EOL(?) character in it
> find -type f | wc -l
2
Since at least gnu wc does not appear to have an option to read/count a null terminated list (except from a file), the easiest solution would just be to not pass it filenames, but a static output each time a file is found, e.g. in the same directory as above
> find -type f -exec printf '\n' \; | wc -l
1
Or if your find supports it
> find -type f -printf '\n' | wc -l
1
To determine how many files there are in the current directory, put in ls -1 | wc -l. This uses wc to do a count of the number of lines (-l) in the output of ls -1. It doesn't count dotfiles. Please note that ls -l (that's an "L" rather than a "1" as in the previous examples) which I used in previous versions of this HOWTO will actually give you a file count one greater than the actual count. Thanks to Kam Nejad for this point.
If you want to count only files and NOT include symbolic links (just an example of what else you could do), you could use ls -l | grep -v ^l | wc -l (that's an "L" not a "1" this time, we want a "long" listing here). grep checks for any line beginning with "l" (indicating a link), and discards that line (-v).
Relative speed: "ls -1 /usr/bin/ | wc -l" takes about 1.03 seconds on an unloaded 486SX25 (/usr/bin/ on this machine has 355 files). "ls -l /usr/bin/ | grep -v ^l | wc -l" takes about 1.19 seconds.
Source: http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO/x700.html
With bash:
Create an array of entries with ( ) and get the count with #.
FILES=(./*); echo ${#FILES[#]}
Ok that doesn't recursively count files but I wanted to show the simple option first. A common use case might be for creating rollover backups of a file. This will create logfile.1, logfile.2, logfile.3 etc.
CNT=(./logfile*); mv logfile logfile.${#CNT[#]}
Recursive count with bash 4+ globstar enabled (as mentioned by #tripleee)
FILES=(**/*); echo ${#FILES[#]}
To get the count of files recursively we can still use find in the same way.
FILES=(`find . -type f`); echo ${#FILES[#]}
For directories with spaces in the name ... (based on various answers above) -- recursively print directory name with number of files within:
find . -mindepth 1 -type d -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' i ; do echo -n $i": " ; ls -p "$i" | grep -v / | wc -l ; done
Example (formatted for readability):
pwd
/mnt/Vancouver/Programming/scripts/claws/corpus
ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 victoria victoria 4096 Mar 28 15:02 'Catabolism - Autophagy; Phagosomes; Mitophagy'
drwxr-xr-x 3 victoria victoria 4096 Mar 29 16:04 'Catabolism - Lysosomes'
ls 'Catabolism - Autophagy; Phagosomes; Mitophagy'/ | wc -l
138
## 2 dir (one with 28 files; other with 1 file):
ls 'Catabolism - Lysosomes'/ | wc -l
29
The directory structure is better visualized using tree:
tree -L 3 -F .
.
├── Catabolism - Autophagy; Phagosomes; Mitophagy/
│ ├── 1
│ ├── 10
│ ├── [ ... SNIP! (138 files, total) ... ]
│ ├── 98
│ └── 99
└── Catabolism - Lysosomes/
├── 1
├── 10
├── [ ... SNIP! (28 files, total) ... ]
├── 8
├── 9
└── aaa/
└── bbb
3 directories, 167 files
man find | grep mindep
-mindepth levels
Do not apply any tests or actions at levels less than levels
(a non-negative integer). -mindepth 1 means process all files
except the starting-points.
ls -p | grep -v / (used below) is from answer 2 at https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/48492/list-only-regular-files-but-not-directories-in-current-directory
find . -mindepth 1 -type d -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' i ; do echo -n $i": " ; ls -p "$i" | grep -v / | wc -l ; done
./Catabolism - Autophagy; Phagosomes; Mitophagy: 138
./Catabolism - Lysosomes: 28
./Catabolism - Lysosomes/aaa: 1
Applcation: I want to find the max number of files among several hundred directories (all depth = 1) [output below again formatted for readability]:
date; pwd
Fri Mar 29 20:08:08 PDT 2019
/home/victoria/Mail/2_RESEARCH - NEWS
time find . -mindepth 1 -type d -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' i ; do echo -n $i": " ; ls -p "$i" | grep -v / | wc -l ; done > ../../aaa
0:00.03
[victoria#victoria 2_RESEARCH - NEWS]$ head -n5 ../../aaa
./RNA - Exosomes: 26
./Cellular Signaling - Receptors: 213
./Catabolism - Autophagy; Phagosomes; Mitophagy: 138
./Stress - Physiological, Cellular - General: 261
./Ancient DNA; Ancient Protein: 34
[victoria#victoria 2_RESEARCH - NEWS]$ sed -r 's/(^.*): ([0-9]{1,8}$)/\2: \1/g' ../../aaa | sort -V | (head; echo ''; tail)
0: ./Genomics - Gene Drive
1: ./Causality; Causal Relationships
1: ./Cloning
1: ./GenMAPP 2
1: ./Pathway Interaction Database
1: ./Wasps
2: ./Cellular Signaling - Ras-MAPK Pathway
2: ./Cell Death - Ferroptosis
2: ./Diet - Apples
2: ./Environment - Waste Management
988: ./Genomics - PPM (Personalized & Precision Medicine)
1113: ./Microbes - Pathogens, Parasites
1418: ./Health - Female
1420: ./Immunity, Inflammation - General
1522: ./Science, Research - Miscellaneous
1797: ./Genomics
1910: ./Neuroscience, Neurobiology
2740: ./Genomics - Functional
3943: ./Cancer
4375: ./Health - Disease
sort -V is a natural sort. ... So, my max number of files in any of those (Claws Mail) directories is 4375 files. If I left-pad (https://stackoverflow.com/a/55409116/1904943) those filenames -- they are all named numerically, starting with 1, in each directory -- and pad to 5 total digits, I should be ok.
Addendum
Find the total number of files, subdirectories in a directory.
$ date; pwd
Tue 14 May 2019 04:08:31 PM PDT
/home/victoria/Mail/2_RESEARCH - NEWS
$ ls | head; echo; ls | tail
Acoustics
Ageing
Ageing - Calorie (Dietary) Restriction
Ageing - Senescence
Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries
Ancient DNA; Ancient Protein
Anthropology, Archaeology
Ants
Archaeology
ARO-Relevant Literature, News
Transcriptome - CAGE
Transcriptome - FISSEQ
Transcriptome - RNA-seq
Translational Science, Medicine
Transposons
USACEHR-Relevant Literature
Vaccines
Vision, Eyes, Sight
Wasps
Women in Science, Medicine
$ find . -type f | wc -l
70214 ## files
$ find . -type d | wc -l
417 ## subdirectories
There are many correct answers here. Here's another!
find . -type f | sort | uniq -w 10 -c
where . is the folder to look in and 10 is the number of characters by which to group the directory.
I have written ffcnt to speed up recursive file counting under specific circumstances: rotational disks and filesystems that support extent mapping.
It can be an order of magnitude faster than ls or find based approaches, but YMMV.
suppose you want a per directory total files, try:
for d in `find YOUR_SUBDIR_HERE -type d`; do
printf "$d - files > "
find $d -type f | wc -l
done
for current dir try this:
for d in `find . -type d`; do printf "$d - files > "; find $d -type f | wc -l; done;
if you have long space names you need change IFS, like this:
OIFS=$IFS; IFS=$'\n'
for d in `find . -type d`; do printf "$d - files > "; find $d -type f | wc -l; done
IFS=$OIFS
We can use tree command it displays all the files and folders recursively. As well as it displays count of folders and files in last line of output.
$ tree path/to/folder/
path/to/folder/
├── a-first.html
├── b-second.html
├── subfolder
│ ├── readme.html
│ ├── code.cpp
│ └── code.h
└── z-last-file.html
1 directories, 6 files
For only last line of output in tree command we can use tail command on it's output
$ tree path/to/folder/ | tail -1
1 directories, 6 files
for installing tree we can use below command
$ sudo apt-get install tree
This alternate approach with filtering for format counts all available grub kernel modules:
ls -l /boot/grub/*.mod | wc -l
Based on the responses given above and comments, I've came up with the following file count listing. Especially it's a combination of the solution provided by #Greg Bell, with comments from #Arch Stanton
& #Schneems
Count all files in the current directory & subdirectories
function countit { find . -maxdepth 1000000 -type d -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' i ; do file_count=$(find "$i" -type f | wc -l) ; echo "$file_count: $i" ; done }; countit | sort -n -r >file-count.txt
Count all files of given name in the current directory & subdirectories
function countit { find . -maxdepth 1000000 -type d -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' i ; do file_count=$(find "$i" -type f | grep <enter_filename_here> | wc -l) ; echo "$file_count: $i" ; done }; countit | sort -n -r >file-with-name-count.txt
find -type f | wc -l
OR (If directory is current directory)
find . -type f | wc -l
This will work completely fine. Simple short. If you want to count the number of files present in a folder.
ls | wc -l
ls -l | grep -e -x -e -dr | wc -l
long list
filter files and dirs
count the filtered line no
This question already has answers here:
How to pass command output as multiple arguments to another command
(5 answers)
Closed 6 years ago.
I'm taking a unix/linux class and we have yet to learn variables or functions. We just learned some basic utilities like the flag and pipeline, output and append to file. On the lab assignment he wants us to find the largest files and copy them to a directory.
I can get the 5 largest files but I don't know how to pass them into cp in one command
ls -SF | grep -v / | head -5 | cp ? Directory
It would be:
cp `ls -SF | grep -v / | head -5` Directory
assuming that the pipeline is correct. The backticks substitute in the line the output of the commands inside it.
You can also make your tests:
cp `echo a b c` Directory
will copy all a, b, and c into Directory.
I would do:
cp $(ls -SF | grep -v / | head -5) Directory
xargs would probably be the best answer though.
ls -SF | grep -v / | head -5 | xargs -I{} cp "{}" Directory
Use backticks `like this` or the dollar sign $(like this) to perform command substitution. Basically this pastes each line of standard ouput of the backticked command into the surrounding command and runs it. Find out more in the bash manpage under "Command Substitution."
Also, if you want to read one line at a time you can read individual lines out of a pipe stream using "while read" syntax:
ls | while read varname; do echo $varname; done
If your cp has a "-t" flag (check the man page), that simplifies matters a bit:
ls -SF | grep -v / | head -5 | xargs cp -t DIRECTORY
The find command gives you more fine-grained ability to get what you want, instead of ls | grep that you have. I'd code your question like this:
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf "%p\t%s\n" |
sort -t $'\t' -k2 -nr |
head -n 5 |
cut -f 1 |
xargs echo cp -t DIRECTORY