How do I use URL-Rewrite with Windows Authentication - iis

I have inherited a series of web apps, which all sit below the single default site of the iis server. These are accessed using an internal DNS server, then URLrewrite to access each application.
One of the applications uses windows authentication, and whilst this is fine to access the landing page of the application, it then fails to pass the authentication to subsequent pages.
I have looked around and found references to ARR, but I don't really understand how this works, and I want to do as little rearchitecture as possible.
Is there a simple way to pass the authentication from the landing page to subsequent pages?
I've looked around on google and only really seen references to ARR, which I'm not really sure about

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Disabling authentication for a single page (ColdFusion)

Let me start by saying I am not really a full-stack developer and this is out of my scope of understanding. I have tried searching for an answer but I can't find anything relevant. If you have any reasons to share they would be much appreciated!
I am working on a website running on coldfusion and framework one. I've been instructed to make a single specific page accessible without authentication. I know this might seem like a bad idea, security wise I have no idea how dangerous this really is but it doesn't seem great. Regardless, those are my instructions.
Where would I even do something like this? Is there some sort of "authenticator" action that I can disable? When visiting a page on the domain while logged out the user is just redirected to the initial login page. Perhaps I can disable this redirect? I've looked in the relevant controller and view pages for the area of the site I'm working on but I can't find anything and it's hard for me to google without much knowledge on the topic to begin with. Any help is greatly appreciated.
Since you state that you don't have experience with ColdFusion this answer is kept simple and does not try to explain how ColdFusion applications work or what an Application scope is in ColdFusion.
create a sub-folder within your original application folder
create your non-secure page within this new sub-folder
create another page under the same sub-folder named Application.cfm with the following code (it's just a comment, it's an empty page but it will prevent the code that re-directs to login to execute)
code for Application.cfm
<!--- // this folder is not secure --->
If this does not work for you because you need access to stuff that is part of the secured application, let me know and I'll update my answer but will get a bit more complex like you'll need to find out where the redirection to login takes place and you'll need to understand what you're doing in ColdFusion.

SiteMinder on IIS7.5 Authentication on app by app basis?

I inherited a mess of servers which host multiple applications on IIS6, protected by R6 SiteMinder. The environment is soon going to R12, and we have also received some new servers with IIS7.5. (Lots of change, all within the next 60days.)
I am not an expert, and so am having trouble with some of the more detailed steps of configuration. Thus far, on the new server I am able to create and apply SiteMinder to the DefaultWebSite (and everything contained within), and any custom Sites that I create. Unfortunately in our environment, it is already set up with a handful of applications that live underneath DefaultWebSite, only some of which we desire SiteMinder protection.
In IIS6 I was able to simply add a site to SiteMinder authentication by applying the ISAPI6WebAgent.dll in the wildcard mappings. In IIS7.5, this does not seem to work. I follow the specific details in the installation manual and it seems like it is either an all-or-nothing situation: everything under DefaultWebSite is protected, or nothing is.
This will cause a SIGNIFICANT amount of additional work in my environment (and it also means upgrading in place is not possible, so all applications that require SiteMinder authentication will need to be migrated in the next 60 days.) Is there ANY workaround for this? Google has not provided me with any solutions, and my SiteMinder team is claiming "it is no longer possible with IIS7.5" to keep the environment the way it is currently set up.
Any and all help appreciated.
For those that care, if you are running under an Integrated App Pool, you can simply add and remove the SiteMinder modules to control which sites are protected by SiteMinder. This DOES work on apps below a virtual directory - and using the config files you can both inherit protection by default, or have it unprotected and add it later by simply "Configure Native Module" and adding it back.

Simple auth proxy using Windows Auth

I need to write a very simple authentication proxy service - the user must login via a web browser, then the page redirects the user to another URL if the login was correct.
The server is IIS7; auth is via Active Directory. While I have heaps of experience in Linux, Apache, Python, etc, I have virtually no programming experience in the Windows environment. I understand that IIS can handle the authentication part, but I'm a bit unsure where to start for the generating the URL. What language, environment and resources would be a good starting point?
While one part of me wants to break out the python, another wants to do it 'The Windows Way (TM)'.
Even better would be to use the Windows Domain SSO so the user wouldn't even need to log in, but that can come later.
In the WISA world (Windows, IIS, SQL, ASP.Net), you can accomplish the above in ASP.Net Forms Authentication (an option is to use Active Directory)
If this is a private site (corporate Active Directory intranet) an easy way to get no login prompt at all (SSO from user AD login on PC) is if you have IE in your network (NTLM/integrated authentication). You can do the security restrictions in IIS for files, folders, etc. without any development - nor would you need ASP.net involved..the files could simply be html, etc. Access is granted in AD in your users/groups to some resource. Although I have never done it, if IIS can run Python, then you can bust out the python :). IE may not be the only choice, it seems you can config Firefox - I have not tired this...if its internal/corporate, IE is pretty much the no brainer for it (no sweating/nothing to figure out or tweak).

How do you make a CMS and existing asp.net applications live together peacefully in IIS?

Note: I originally posted this on ServerFault, but I haven't gotten any responses at all. Since it looks like I'm on track to get the Tumbleweed badge over there, I figured I would try here also.
Our existing public website consists of a mish-mash of asp.net pages with mostly static content and some real web applications that are set up as virtual directories. We're now looking at installing Umbraco, which requires that you install it at the root of the website.
Since the CMS would be at the root of the website, I'm assuming it's a bad idea to run our existing pages and web applications underneath Umbraco (due to the URL rewriting it performs and inheriting web.config settings, etc.) So how do we make everything co-exist peacefully both while we transition to the CMS and after we're finished?
My only idea so far was to set up the CMS and the applications as separate websites and then use some sort of URL rewriting/reverse proxy to make everything resolve correctly:
* www.example.com would keep resolving to our old homepage
* www.example.com/dept1 would keep resolving to the old dept1 page
* www.example.com/dept2 would resolve to the new dept2 page on the CMS
* www.example.com/app would resolve to an existing web application
We ending up setting up Umbraco as it's own website in IIS and then we bought ISAPI Rewrite so that we could seamlessly pass through CMS content for certain URLs.

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