--headless is not an option in Chrome WebDriver for Selenium - python-3.x

I would like to have Selenium run a headless instance of Google Chrome to mine data from certain websites without the UI overhead. I downloaded the ChromeDriver executable from here and copied it to my current scripting directory.
The driver appears to work fine with Selenium and is able to browse automatically, however I cannot seem to find the headless option. Most online examples of using Selenium with headless Chrome go something along the lines of:
import os
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
chrome_options.binary_location = '/Applications/Google Chrome Canary.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome Canary'`
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=os.path.abspath(“chromedriver"), chrome_options=chrome_options)
driver.get("http://www.duo.com")`
However when I inspect the possible arguments for the Selenium WebDriver using the command chromedriver -h this is what I get:
D:\Jobs\scripts>chromedriver -h
Usage: chromedriver [OPTIONS]
Options
--port=PORT port to listen on
--adb-port=PORT adb server port
--log-path=FILE write server log to file instead of stderr, increases log level to INFO
--log-level=LEVEL set log level: ALL, DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, SEVERE, OFF
--verbose log verbosely (equivalent to --log-level=ALL)
--silent log nothing (equivalent to --log-level=OFF)
--append-log append log file instead of rewriting
--replayable (experimental) log verbosely and don't truncate long strings so that the log can be replayed.
--version print the version number and exit
--url-base base URL path prefix for commands, e.g. wd/url
--whitelisted-ips comma-separated whitelist of remote IP addresses which are allowed to connect to ChromeDriver
No --headless option is available.
Does the ChromeDriver obtained from the link above allow for headless browsing?

--headless is not argument for chromedriver but for Chrome. --headless Run chrome in headless mode, i.e., without a UI or display server dependencies. ChromeDriver is a separate executable that WebDriver uses to control Chrome and Webdriver is a a collection of language specific bindings to drive a browser.
I am able to run in headless mode with this set of options. I hope this will help:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, NavigableString
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium import webdriver
import requests
import re
options = Options()
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options) # see edit for recent code change.
browser.implicitly_wait(20)
Update 12 Aug 2019:
old : browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
new : browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

Try
options.headless=True
The following is how I set up my headless chrome
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.headless=True
options.add_argument('window-size=1920x1080')
prefs = {
"download.default_directory": r"C:\FilePath\Download",
"download.prompt_for_download": False,
"download.directory_upgrade": True}
options.add_experimental_option('prefs', prefs)
chromedriver = (r"C:\Filepath\chromedriver.exe")

--headless is not argument for chromedriver but Chrome, you can see more arguments or Command Line Switches for chrome here

Related

Why does opt.add_argument('--user-data-dir='+r'path') work but opt.add_argument('--user-data-dir='+fr'"{path}"') doesn't as an option to Selenium?

I have realized of something very weird when trying to deploy a chrome driver using --user-data-dir and --profile-directory from the user on Python 3.9.7, see below:
If you compile the following code:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
opt = Options() #the variable that will store the selenium options
opt.add_argument('--user-data-dir='+r'C:\Users\ResetStoreX\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data') #Add the user data path as an argument in selenium Options
opt.add_argument('--profile-directory=Default') #Add the profile directory as an argument in selenium Options
s = Service('C:/Users/ResetStoreX/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python39/Scripts/chromedriver.exe')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=s, options=opt)
driver.get('https://opensea.io/login?referrer=%2Faccount')
You get successfully a chrome driver instance using the corresponding --user-data-dir and --profile-directory:
Now, after killing all chrome driver instances using the following code on cmd:
taskkill /F /IM chromedriver.exe
And then compiling this other code:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
opt = Options() #the variable that will store the selenium options
path = input('Introduce YOUR profile path:')
opt.add_argument('--user-data-dir='+fr'"{path}"') #Add the user data path as an argument in selenium Options
opt.add_argument('--profile-directory=Default') #Add the profile directory as an argument in selenium Options
s = Service('C:/Users/ResetStoreX/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python39/Scripts/chromedriver.exe')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=s, options=opt)
driver.get('https://opensea.io/login?referrer=%2Faccount')
For finally typing: C:\Users\ResetStoreX\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data as input
You get this error:
WebDriverException: unknown error: Could not remove old devtools port
file. Perhaps the given user-data-dir at
"C:\Users\ResetStoreX\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data"
is still attached to a running Chrome or Chromium process
Why does that happen?
Isn't opt.add_argument('--user-data-dir='+fr'"{path}"') a valid way of passing this user data path:
path = C:\Users\ResetStoreX\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data ?
I figured it out, I was creating a syntax error with opt.add_argument('--user-data-dir='+fr'"{path}"'), so I changed it for opt.add_argument('--user-data-dir='+fr'{path}'), the improved code would be the following:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
opt = Options() #the variable that will store the selenium options
path = input('Introduce YOUR profile path:')
opt.add_argument('--user-data-dir='+fr'{path}') #Add the user data path as an argument in selenium Options
opt.add_argument('--profile-directory=Default') #Add the profile directory as an argument in selenium Options
s = Service('C:/Users/ResetStoreX/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python39/Scripts/chromedriver.exe')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=s, options=opt)
driver.get('https://opensea.io/login?referrer=%2Faccount')
After compiling this code, the program will run without throwing any errors and get the same result as the first code shown in this post.

save document.cookie output in a file

skillshare-downloader says:
grab your cookie by typing:
document.cookie
Then it says:
Copy-paste cookie from developer console (without " if present) into example script.
Example:
from downloader import Downloader
cookie = """
ADD YOUR COOKIE HERE
"""
It adds an extra step.
Is there any way we can save document.cookie output to a file so that we can just read the cookie from the file instead of going to the console and type document.cookie and copy-paste the output?
I checked How to write console.log to a file instead. I also checked Python open browser and run javascript function. It suggests using Selenium or webbroser module. However, I am not sure how to approach this problem.
What can I do?
Assuming that you are using chrome:
Install selenium by running in a terminal pip install selenium
Install a chromedriver via a manager (It allows you to control chrome) by running in a terminal pip install webdriver-manager
Create a file example.py and paste this inside
#import the selenium webdriver and the chromedriver
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from time import sleep
#trying to stop skillshare from detecting we a are a bot
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled')
#create the instance of chrome
driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install(),options=options)
#get command used to open an url
driver.get('https://www.skillshare.com/')
#login part
#press on sign in
driver.find_element_by_css_selector("a.button.alt-white-ghost.transparent.initialized").click()
#change email here
driver.find_element_by_name("email").send_keys("testmail#mail.com")
#change password here
driver.find_element_by_name("password").send_keys("fakepassword")
#wait a second
sleep(1)
#click on sign in
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//span[text()='Sign In']/parent::button").click()
#wait 3 seconds for the login
sleep(3)
#execute_script is used to execute the command in the browser console, using return here to store it in a variable
cookie = driver.execute_script('return document.cookie')
#python way of creating a file on the given path and write the cookie inside it
f = open("D:\cookie.txt", "w")
f.write(cookie)
f.close()
#closing the chrome instance
driver.close()
open a terminal and type python example.py and it will run the script

proxy server refusing connections when trying to run tor browser with selenium (using TorBrowserDriver not profile and binary) [duplicate]

I am trying to connect to a Tor browser but get an error stating "proxyConnectFailure" any ideas I have tried multiple attempts to get into the basics of Tor browser to get it connected but all in vain if any could help life could be saved big time:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
binary = FirefoxBinary(r"C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\Tor Browser\Browser\firefox.exe")
profile = FirefoxProfile(r"C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\Tor Browser\Browser\TorBrowser\Data\Browser\profile.default")
# Configured profile settings.
proxyIP = "127.0.0.1"
proxyPort = 9150
proxy_settings = {"network.proxy.type":1,
"network.proxy.socks": proxyIP,
"network.proxy.socks_port": proxyPort,
"network.proxy.socks_remote_dns": True,
}
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary,proxy=proxy_settings)
def interactWithSite(driver):
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
driver.save_screenshot("screenshot.png")
interactWithSite(driver)
To connect to a Tor Browser through a FirefoxProfile you can use the following solution:
Code Block:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile
import os
torexe = os.popen(r'C:\Users\AtechM_03\Desktop\Tor Browser\Browser\TorBrowser\Tor\tor.exe')
profile = FirefoxProfile(r'C:\Users\AtechM_03\Desktop\Tor Browser\Browser\TorBrowser\Data\Browser\profile.default')
profile.set_preference('network.proxy.type', 1)
profile.set_preference('network.proxy.socks', '127.0.0.1')
profile.set_preference('network.proxy.socks_port', 9050)
profile.set_preference("network.proxy.socks_remote_dns", False)
profile.update_preferences()
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile= profile, executable_path=r'C:\Utility\BrowserDrivers\geckodriver.exe')
driver.get("http://check.torproject.org")
Browser Snapshot:
You can find a relevant discussion in How to use Tor with Chrome browser through Selenium
I would like to expand on #DebanjanB answer by adding the Linux counterpart:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile
import os
torexe = os.popen('some/path/tor-browser_en-US/Browser/start-tor-browser')
# in my case, I installed it under a folder tor-browser_en-US after
# downloading and extracting it from
# https://www.torproject.org/download/ for linux
profile = FirefoxProfile(
'some/path/tor-browser_en-US/Browser/TorBrowser/Data/Browser/profile.default')
profile.set_preference('network.proxy.type', 1)
profile.set_preference('network.proxy.socks', '127.0.0.1')
profile.set_preference('network.proxy.socks_port', 9050)
profile.set_preference("network.proxy.socks_remote_dns", False)
profile.update_preferences()
firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
firefox_options.binary_location = '/usr/bin/firefox'
# /usr/bin/firefox is default location of firefox - for me anyway
driver = webdriver.Firefox(
firefox_profile=profile, options=firefox_options,
executable_path='wherever/you/installed/geckodriver')
# I keep my geckodriver(s) in a special folder sorted by versions.
# Geckodriver downloadable here:
# https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/
driver.get("http://check.torproject.org")
The verified answer does not work in case of opening dot onion sites(I believe that's something to do with tor network which is not allowing access to normal firefox).
As for the latest tor browser (from the tor browser bundle), starting it using selenium causes some error due to which the browser cannot start tor proxy itself causing proxy and timeout errors(doesn't matter if tor proxy is started by python or manually or not started at all). This could also be due to port 9050 or 9150 being used by tor proxy and not being available to browser's tor instance but this does not explain the error caused when no instance of tor proxy is running.
The solution i have found is to start the tor proxy as normal, manually or using os.popen("tor.exe") and configure tor browser to not start tor proxy.
here's the code:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
os.popen(r'e:\\bla\\bla\\bla\\tor\\Tor\\tor.exe')
binary=FirefoxBinary(r'e:\\bla\\bla\\bla\\Tor Browser\\Browser\\firefox.exe')
fp=FirefoxProfile(r'e:\\foo\\bar\\bla\\Tor Browser\\Browser\\TorBrowser\\Data\\Browser\\profile.default')
fp.set_preference('extensions.torlauncher.start_tor',False)#note this
fp.set_preference('network.proxy.type',1)
fp.set_preference('network.proxy.socks', '127.0.0.1')
fp.set_preference('network.proxy.socks_port', 9050)
fp.set_preference("network.proxy.socks_remote_dns", True)
fp.update_preferences()
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=fp,firefox_binary=binary)
driver.get("http://check.torproject.org")
driver.get('https://www.bbcnewsv2vjtpsuy.onion/')
*note fp.set_preference('extensions.torlauncher.start_tor',False) on line 10 is being used to configure tor to not start its own tor instance so that it uses the proxy config and tor instance started above.
lo and behold as the tbb starts working like normal firefox bot browser

Python 3.X Selenium Headless Chrome Error 1016

I want to run headless Chrome but it keeps crashing with the following error:
[0814/155351.062:ERROR:gpu_process_transport_factory.cc(1016)] Lost UI shared context.
I have no idea what is going on here. My code is simple and works with the GUI.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument('--headless') # Enable headless
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') # Required as I am on Windows
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chromepath,chrome_options=options) #chromepath is a raw string to the driver
driver.get('https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki')
driver.quit()
print('Successfully opened and closed headless Chrome')
All dependencies are current:
Chrome version: 68.0.3440.106(Official Build)(64-bit)
Selenium: 3.14.0
Chromedriver: 2.41

Set Accepted-Lang for Chrome Headless with Selenium (Python)

Setting the Accepted-Lang header works fine with regular Chrome via ChromeOptions
options.add_experimental_option('prefs', {'intl.accept_languages': 'en,en_US'})
I'm trying to switch to new headless Chrome, but apparently this option has no effect when checking headers on validator.w3.org. Can I change them in another way? Anybody knows if support for this feature is coming?
Using Chrome 60, Chromedriver 2.30, Selenium 3.4.3, Python 3.6.1 on MacOS
Using this code:
from selenium import webdriver
print('Start')
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('headless')
options.add_experimental_option('prefs', {'intl.accept_languages':'en,en_US'})
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
driver.get('http://validator.w3.org/i18n-checker/check?uri=google.com#validate-by-uri+')
print('Loaded')
# Check headers in output.html file. Search for 'Request headers'
html_source = driver.page_source
file = open('output.html', 'w')
file.write(html_source)
file.close
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
# Or check headers with select
# WARNING: This fails with 'headless' chrome option!
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//code[#class='headers_accept_language_0']").get_attribute('textContent')
print('Element:', element)
driver.close()
print('Finish')
Thanks!
That should be possible using the Chrome-developer-protocoll (cdp).
You can execute cdp commands using driver.execute_cdp_cmd().
Implemented it to Selenium-Profiles

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