I am very new to programming and im trying to call a method from one class to another class. I keep getting the error, "name 'quad' is not defined.
class problem(object):
def ask(problem):
problem = input("What type of problem are you trying to solve?
Quadratic, ").capitalize() #add more
if problem == "Quadratic":
quad.equation()
class quadratic(object):
def equation():
a = float(input('Enter a: '))
b = float(input('Enter b: '))
c = float(input('Enter c: '))
e = problem()
e.ask()
quad = quadratic()
The code isn't completely done as I am doing things one at a time, so anything helps.
I guess my question is, is there an easier way to call the method to the other class? Or am I just doing something wrong?
EDIT:
I have since fixed my code. Thanks for helping.
Related
I am learning how to program in python 3 and today i was praticing until i start to struggle with this.
I was trying to make a function to get to know the total square meters of wood that i'll use in one project, but i keep get the none result and i don't know why, even reading almost every post about it that i found here.
Anyway, here's the code:
from math import pi
def acirc(r):
pi*r**2
def madeiratotal(r1,r2,r3,r4,r5):
a = acirc(r1)
b = acirc(r2)
c = acirc(r3)
d = acirc(r4)
e = acirc(r5)
print (a+b+c+d+e)
madeiratotal(0.15,0.09,0.175,0.1,0.115)
I already try defining the "acirc" function inside the "madeiratotal" function, try to print all numbers separated and them suming then... I just don't know what else to do please help
You need to return value from acirc function otherwise return type is None
def acirc(r):
return pi*r**2
I was making some code to practice, but I keep getting this error:
File "...", line 12, in give_raise
self.increase = increase
AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'increase'
This is my code:
class Employee:
"""Sort of simulates an employee."""
def __init__(self, first, last, salary):
"""Initialize attributes."""
self.first = first
self.last = last
self.salary = salary
def give_raise(self, increase = 5000):
"""gives raise"""
self.increase = increase
self.salary = self.salary + self.increase
Employee("first", "last", 30000)
Employee.give_raise(890)
print(Employee.salary)
Keep in mind that I am just a beginner.
Thank you for reading this. I hope you can figure out what is wrong.
You probably meant this:
some_dude = Employee("first", "last", 30000)
some_dude.give_raise(890)
print(some_dude.salary)
What your code is doing instead is it's calling give_raise as if it was an ordinary function, like this:
Employee.give_raise(self=890)
So, if your tear this function out of the class and just call it like give_raise(890), it would have the exact same effect. Now self is an integer...
You can learn how classes work using the official Python tutorial.
Here I created a module.
class Employee:
def __init__(self):
self.name = input("Enter your name: ")
self.account_number = int(input("Enter your account number: "))
def withdraw(self): # it receives values from for
if withdraw1 > current_balance:
print ("You have entered a wrong number: ")
else:
print ("The current balance is: ", current_balance - withdraw1)
import TASK2 # I am importing the module I created
c = TASK2.Employee()
def for(self):
c.withdraw1 = int(input("enter number: "))
c.current_balance = int(input("Enter the current balance: "))
d = method(c.withdraw) # here I am trying to pass the values to withdraw
print (d)
The problem I get is that although it asks for the values instead of giving me an answer it gives me None.
Here's my take on your code.
# TASK2.py
class Employee:
def __init__(self):
self.name = input("Enter your name: ")
self.account_number = int(input("Enter your account number: "))
# make sure you initialise your member variables!
self.withdraw_val = 0 # withdraw1 is ambiguous, so I use withdraw_val instead
self.current_balance = 0
# receives values from for ### no it doesn't, right now, it GIVES values TO your "for" function
def withdraw(self):
if self.withdraw_val > self.current_balance: # remember to use "self." to
# access members within the class
print ("You have entered a wrong number: ")
else:
# again, remember "self."
print ("The current balance is: ", self.current_balance - self.withdraw_val)
# TASK2sub.py
import TASK2
c = TASK2.Employee()
def for_employee(employee): # (1) don't use "self" outside a class
# it's contextually unconventional
# (2) "for" is a keyword in Python, don't use it for naming
# variables/functions, it'll mess things up
employee.withdraw_val = int(input("Enter value to withdraw: "))
employee.current_balance = int(input("Enter the current balance: "))
return employee.withdraw_val # not entirely sure what you want to return
# but you should definitely return something
# if you're going to assign it to some variable
d = for_employee(c.withdraw()) # "for_employee" function needs a return statement
# ".withdraw()" method should also require a return statement
print(d)
Note: I'll be referring to your original for function as for_employee from now on. Also note that I'm still hazy about what you're trying to accomplish and that there is most probably a more suitable name for it.
Since your original for_employee function didn't return anything, it returns None by default. (This explains the output you saw.)
I think you're misunderstanding how functions work in general. For example,
d = for_employee(c.withdraw())
print(d)
Your comment for the .withdraw() method is inaccurate.
"it receives values from for"
More accurately, c.withdraw() will first be computed, then whatever it returns is passed into the for_employee function as a parameter. Instead of "receiving values from", the withdraw method "gives values to" the for_employee function.
Something more reasonable would be
c.withdraw() # on a line by itself, since it doesn't return anything
d = for_employee(c) # pass the entire object, since you'll be using self.withdraw_val and whatnot
print(d)
Another issue is with conventional naming. This is what I get from the IDLE (with Python 3.7) when defining a function named for
>>> def for(a): return a
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Again, for is a keyword in Python, don't use it for naming your variables, functions, or classes.
With self, it's less severe (but I could see that it's confusing you). self is more of a convention used in class methods. But for_employee isn't a class method. So conventionally speaking, the parameter shouldn't be named self.
(I find the code spaghetti-ish, it might benefit if you refactor the code by moving the for_employee method into the class itself. Then it would completely make sense to use self.)
I am somewhat new to coding. I have been self teaching myself for the past year or so. I am trying to build a more solid foundation and am trying to create very simple programs. I created a class and am trying to add 'pets' to a dictionary that can hold multiple 'pets'. I have tried changing up the code so many different ways, but nothing is working. Here is what I have so far.
# Created class
class Animal:
# Class Attribute
classes = 'mammal'
breed = 'breed'
# Initializer/Instance Attribrutes
def __init__ (self, species, name, breed):
self.species = species
self.name = name
self.breed = breed
# To get different/multiple user input
#classmethod
def from_input(cls):
return cls(
input('Species: '),
input('Name: '),
input('Breed: ')
)
# Dictionary
pets = {}
# Function to add pet to dictionary
def createpet():
for _ in range(10):
pets.update = Animal.from_input()
if pets.name in pets:
raise ValueError('duplicate ID')
# Calling the function
createpet()
I have tried to change it to a list and use the 'append' tool and that didn't work. I am sure there is a lot wrong with this code, but I am not even sure what to do anymore. I have looked into the 'collections' module, but couldn't understand it well enough to know if that would help or not. What I am looking for is where I can run the 'createpet()' function and each time add in a new pet with the species, name, and breed. I have looked into the sqlite3 and wonder if that might be a better option. If it would be, where would I go to learn and better understand the module (aka good beginner tutorials). Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!
(First of all, you have to check for a duplicate before you add it to the dictionary.)
The way you add items to a dictionary x is
x[y] = z
This sets the value with the key y equal to z or, if there is no key with that name, creates a new key y with the value z.
Updated code:
(I defined this as a classmethod because the from_input method is one as well and from what I understand of this, this will keep things working when it comes to inheriting classes, for further information you might want to look at this)
#classmethod
def createpet(cls):
pet = cls.from_input()
if pet.name in cls.pets:
raise ValueError("duplicate ID")
else:
cls.pets[pet.name] = pet
So i am making a text adventure game, and currently i am making the enemies. My class random_enemies makes trash mobs for your character to fight and i have a function in it called weak, normal, strong, etc... that scales with your character depending on which one it is. When i call random_enemies.weak it says (Name Error: global variable "p" is not defined) even though it should be.
import random
from character import *
from player import *
class random_enemies(character):
def __init__(self,name,hp,maxhp,attack_damage,ability_power,exp):
super(random_enemies,self).__init__(name,hp,maxhp)
self.attack_damage = attack_damage
self.ability_power = ability_power
self.exp = exp
def weak():
self.hp = random.randint(p.maxhp/10, p.maxhp/5)
self.attack_damage = None
self.ability_power = None
self.exp = None
from character import*
class player(character):
def __init__(self,name,hp,maxhp,attack_damage,ability_power):
super(player,self).__init__(name, hp, maxhp)
self.attack_damage = attack_damage
self.ability_power = ability_power
This is my player class and below is the class that player gets "maxhp" from.
class character(object):
def __init__(self,name,hp,maxhp):
self.name = name
self.hp = hp
self.maxhp = maxhp
def attack(self,other):
pass
p=player(Players_name, 100, 100, 10, 5,)
while (p.hp>0):
a=input("What do you want to do?")
if a=="Instructions":
Instructions()
elif a=="Commands":
Commands()
elif a=="Fight":
print("Level",wave,"Wave Begins")
if wave < 6:
b = random_enemies.weak()
print("A",b,"Appeared!")
print("Stats of",b, ": \n Health=", b.hp,"Attack Damage=",b.attack_damage)
continue
I just made this really quickly just to test if everything I had was working until I got the error. This is also the place where random_enemies.weak() was called. Also in this is where I defined what "p" was.
So, first of all, follow a naming convention. For python code I recommend that you use pep8 as a convention.
You have a problem with classes vs. instances in your code. First, you need an instance of a class before you can use it:
enemy = random_enemy() # a better name would be RandomEnemy
In Python, all methods start with self, and you need to pass to the method the arguments that it needs to do its work. weak is a method, so it should be more like this:
def weak(self, player):
# the method for weak ... weak attack ?
# remember to change p to player, which is more meaningful
...
Now that you have your instance and it has a method weak which receives a player as argument, you can use it as follows:
# you can't use random_enemy here as you tried because it is a class
# you need a random_enemy instance, the enemy that I talked about earlier
b = enemy.weak(player) # renamed p to player because it is more meaningful
For this all to work, you will need one more thing. weak() needs to return something. Right now you are using what it returns, nothing! The code that you posted is b = random_enemies.weak(). Because weak() does not have a return clause, b will always be None.
Some notes: Avoid one-letter variables unless there is a long standing convention (like using i for loop counter). It is easier to understand what you are trying to do if you define player instead of just p.
Python has a really great tutorial for all this stuff.