I am new to Debian 8, and still very much a Linux beginner. I am currently running Debian 8 Oracle VM Virtualbox in Windows 10, for reference.
For a project I am working on, my task is installing Debian 8 packages from the source package to a specified rootfs folder. After getting the source files (.tar.gz, .diff.gz, .dsc) and extracting them, I run:
dpkg-source -x <package>.dsc
Which extracts the source to the working directory.
The issue I'm having is generating the .deb files from the extracted. The standard way to do it is to let apt handle the installation of the dependencies from the online repository via:
apt-get build-dep <package>
then generate the .deb files via:
dpkg-buildpackage -b
But this will install the dependencies to my rootfs. In addition, since I downloaded the majority of the packages to my local machine, I'd like to be able to manually install each dependency from my local source packages rather than online.
From my understanding, I was tasked this to avoid polluting the specified fs with documentation and non-essential files, since the number of Debian 8 packages that will be added to this fs is >700.
If there are any mistakes / misunderstandings with my knowledge of Linux & Debian 8, please let me know.
You can create a docker container and install your dependencies in there and do all your work in there. You can configure docker to put the docker containers on any filesystem you like.
Any approach that does not use containers is unlikely to work because AFAIK most Linux distributions, including Debian, do not support dependency relocation. Nix is an exception. So containers are a way around that.
I want to port my installed packages on a SLES SP1 System to another SLES System without an internet connection. So I got the idea to use
rpmrebuild packagename
to pack all installed packages back into rpms and then copy those to the other machine.
So I am searching for a way to loop through the names of all installed packages.
If I understood your question correctly, you can always loop through the list of installed packages on any system having RPM package manager by using below shell script -
#!/bin/bash
while read -r package; do echo "This package is $package"; done < <(rpm -qa)
Output -
This package is ethtool-3.15-2.27.amzn1.x86_64
This package is libXau-1.0.6-4.9.amzn1.x86_64
This package is libXcomposite-0.4.3-4.6.amzn1.x86_64
This package is libblkid-2.23.2-33.28.amzn1.x86_64
....................................................
Is it possible to use RPM or YUM or any other package manager in Linux, specifically CentOS, to install a package either already downloaded or from repo to a custom location without admin/root access?
I tried building from sources, using cmake, configure, make, make install etc, but, it ended up having so many dependencies one after other.
Or are there any better alternatives?
It is possible to use yum and rpm to install any package in the repository of the distribution. Here is the recipe:
Find the package name
Use yum search.
Download
Download the package and all of its dependencies using yumdownloader (which is available on CentOS by default). You'll need to pass it --resolve to get dependency resolution. yumdownloader downloads to the current directory unless you specify a --destdir.
mkdir -p ~/rpm
yumdownloader --destdir ~/rpm --resolve vim-common
Choose a prefix location
It might be ~, ~/centos, or ~/y. If your home is slow because it is on a network file system, you can put it in /var/tmp/....
mkdir ~/centos
Extract all .rpm packages
Extract all .rpm packages to your chosen prefix location.
cd ~/centos && rpm2cpio ~/rpm/x.rpm | cpio -id
rpm2cpio outputs the .rpm file as a .cpio archive on stdout.
cpio reads it from from stdin
-i means extract (to the current directory)
-d means create missing directory
You can optionally use -v: verbose
Configure the environment
You will need to configure the environment variable PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH for the installed packages to work correctly. Here is the corresponding sample from my ~/.bashrc:
export PATH="$HOME/centos/usr/sbin:$HOME/centos/usr/bin:$HOME/centos/bin:$PATH"
export MANPATH="$HOME/centos/usr/share/man:$MANPATH"
L='/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64'
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$HOME/centos/usr/lib:$HOME/centos/usr/lib64:$L"
Edited note (thanks to #AmitNaidu for pointing out my mistake):
According to bash documentation about startup files, when connecting to a server via ssh, only .bashrc is sourced:
Invoked by remote shell daemon
Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell daemon, usually rshd, or the secure shell daemon sshd. If Bash determines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists and is readable.
Now if you want to install a lot of packages that way, you might want to automate the process. If so, have a look at this repository.
Extra note: if you are trying to install any of gcc, zlib, make, cmake, git, fish, zsh or tmux , you should really consider using conda, see my other answer.
TL;DR Use Miniconda, conda-forge is amazing.
curl "https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh" | sh
Or, alternatively:
curl https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh > Miniconda.sh
bash Miniconda.sh -b -p ~/conda
# -b is used to specify that this is done "in batch", so skip the EULA prompt
# -p lets you specify where you want conda installed
Commonly wanted packages:
gcc conda install gcc
zlib conda install zlib
make conda install make
cmake conda install cmake
git conda install git
fish conda install -c conda-forge fish
zsh conda install -c ActivisionGameScience zsh
tmux conda install -c conda-forge tmux
This tmux has a bug with the name of the ncurse library it uses. You can work around it by going to your da/lib folder and symlinking ln -sT libtinfow.so.6.1 libtinfo.so.6
For the rest, you can try https://anaconda.org/search?q=.
I've tried for a long time to get a package manager to work well on CentOS/RedHat but without success. The best I could do was to install a Gentoo Prefix at the correct location on another CentOS with root access, then scp a .tar.xz of the whole installation to the target server (only way to get a proper gcc for Gentoo Prefix). I could emerge (build & install) packages on the target server but kept hitting problems with locals and permissions.
I recently achieved a user installation of some interesting packages using conda. Here is how to install it from the command line:
curl "https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh" | sh
If like me, your home folder is hosted on a remote drive (a network file system), you might not want to install it in your home folder, so you might want to use something like mkdir /var/tmp/lo then specify an installation folder like /var/tmp/lo/da during the installation.
You'll then be able to install quite a lot of packages, though maybe not all those you wanted. Most of the time, if it is not in the default channel, it will be in conda-forge. You can check for existing packages at https://anaconda.org/search?q=
Other package managers I've tried to use after conda:
Linuxbrew
I thought that with that it would be easy to install homebrew (linuxbrew) but their sources are messy and use hard-coded absolute path to ruby interpreter, which fails because it isn't the last version and so on and so on and I gave up.
Nix
Nix still requires you to use the /nix folder. They hard-coded it too and it's hard to sed it correctly from every download it has to do during the installation (let alone updates).
Gentoo Prefix
I expect Gentoo Prefix to be easier to install directly now that we gcc can be used on the target server. -- Ok, I tried but met permissions bugs during installation (2018-09-28):
portage.exception.OperationNotPermitted: chown(b'~/gentoo/tmp/var/tmp/portage/sys-apps/gentoo-functions-0.12/image/var', 2000, 2000)
PkgSrc
I'm going to try pkgsrc now. -- Use (older) version 64-bit EL 6.x if on CentOS 6 or if encountering (G)LibC version issues with the 7.x one. -- No luck, pkgsrc hard codes /usr/pkg/sbin and /usr/pkg/bin. So it can't be used as user, unless maybe setting up a fakechroot environment. But I've never done that and I expect usability issues.
Please comment/answer if you succeed in installing any other package manager.
Download the packages, and indicate to include dependencies with the --resolve flag.
yumdownloader --resolve openslide-tools
Iterate over all downloaded rpm files.
for i in *.rpm; do rpm2cpio $i | cpio -idv; done
the output will be stored in your present working directory $PWD/usr/*
This answer by goldilocks sounds like what you are looking for.
https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/61295
It's still not a pretty process, but seems easier than building from source.
Otherwise you might want to look into non-root package managers as an alternative to yum.
Yes it is. If the software is packaged in repos. And admin installed
PackageKit-command-not-found package.
See:
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/PackageKitCommandNotFound
I was install a package by rpm command in redhat, but the package is failure now.
I want create a new package from installed package.
what can I do?
This command would help you in that,
rpm -Fvh –repackage rpm-file-name.rpm
Here rpm-file-name.rpm is an existing package in Linux which will be repackage by using above option.
From man page of rpm;
–repackage Re-package the files before erasing.
–replacefiles Install the packages even if they replace files from
other, already installed, packages.
–replacepkgs Install the packages even if some of them are already
installed on this system.
rpmrebuild is built for re-creating RPM package files from already installed packages. There are options which allow you to tailor the packaging, but the most simple invocation just produces an RPM file from an installed package. Example: rpmrebuild coreutils
I have created rpm for my software which works fine for fedora. But this fails whenever I want to install the same in linux mint. because linux mint supprts .deb file for installation. So I want to create installer package for my software which will be compatible in linux mint.
Check out the program alien, which allows you to manipulate foreign packages on a linux distro. Note that this is fine for installing simple packages, but you should build the package from source if you intend to distribute to a large audience.
Another great tool at your disposal for this would be fpm. It allows to create several different package types from many different things, like rpm's. It currently works with the following:
Sources:
gem (even autodownloaded for you)
python modules (autodownload for you)
pear (also downloads for you)
directories
tar(.gz) archives
rpm
deb
node packages (npm)
Targets:
deb
rpm
solaris
tar
directories
Mac OS X .pkg files (osxpkg)
You can find it here: https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm
you can use alien if you want and that's the recommended way to do it actually, but you can install it with rpm too. just install rpm:sudo apt-get install rpm then run sudo rpm -i package_name