I have set up 3 Google Cloud Storge buckets and 3 functions (one for each bucket) that will trigger when a PDF file is uploaded to a bucket. Functions convert PDF to png image and do further processing.
When I am trying to create a 4th bucket and similar function, strangely it is not working. Even if I copy one of the existing 3 functions, it is still not working and I am getting this error:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/env/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/google/cloud/functions_v1beta2/worker.py", line 333, in run_background_function _function_handler.invoke_user_function(event_object) File "/env/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/google/cloud/functions_v1beta2/worker.py", line 199, in invoke_user_function return call_user_function(request_or_event) File "/env/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/google/cloud/functions_v1beta2/worker.py", line 196, in call_user_function event_context.Context(**request_or_event.context)) File "/user_code/main.py", line 27, in pdf_to_img with Image(filename=tmp_pdf, resolution=300) as image: File "/env/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/wand/image.py", line 2874, in __init__ self.read(filename=filename, resolution=resolution) File "/env/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/wand/image.py", line 2952, in read self.raise_exception() File "/env/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/wand/resource.py", line 222, in raise_exception raise e wand.exceptions.PolicyError: not authorized/tmp/tmphm3hiezy' # error/constitute.c/ReadImage/412`
It is baffling me why same functions are working on existing buckets but not on new one.
UPDATE:
Even this is not working (getting "cache resources exhausted" error):
In requirements.txt:
google-cloud-storage
wand
In main.py:
import tempfile
from google.cloud import storage
from wand.image import Image
storage_client = storage.Client()
def pdf_to_img(data, context):
file_data = data
pdf = file_data['name']
if pdf.startswith('v-'):
return
bucket_name = file_data['bucket']
blob = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name).get_blob(pdf)
_, tmp_pdf = tempfile.mkstemp()
_, tmp_png = tempfile.mkstemp()
tmp_png = tmp_png+".png"
blob.download_to_filename(tmp_pdf)
with Image(filename=tmp_pdf) as image:
image.save(filename=tmp_png)
print("Image created")
new_file_name = "v-"+pdf.split('.')[0]+".png"
blob.bucket.blob(new_file_name).upload_from_filename(tmp_png)
Above code is supposed to just create a copy of image file which is uploaded to bucket.
Because the vulnerability has been fixed in Ghostscript but not updated in ImageMagick, the workaround for converting PDFs to images in Google Cloud Functions is to use this ghostscript wrapper and directly request the PDF conversion to png from Ghostscript (bypassing ImageMagick).
requirements.txt
google-cloud-storage
ghostscript==0.6
main.py
import locale
import tempfile
import ghostscript
from google.cloud import storage
storage_client = storage.Client()
def pdf_to_img(data, context):
file_data = data
pdf = file_data['name']
if pdf.startswith('v-'):
return
bucket_name = file_data['bucket']
blob = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name).get_blob(pdf)
_, tmp_pdf = tempfile.mkstemp()
_, tmp_png = tempfile.mkstemp()
tmp_png = tmp_png+".png"
blob.download_to_filename(tmp_pdf)
# create a temp folder based on temp_local_filename
# use ghostscript to export the pdf into pages as pngs in the temp dir
args = [
"pdf2png", # actual value doesn't matter
"-dSAFER",
"-sDEVICE=pngalpha",
"-o", tmp_png,
"-r300", tmp_pdf
]
# the above arguments have to be bytes, encode them
encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()
args = [a.encode(encoding) for a in args]
#run the request through ghostscript
ghostscript.Ghostscript(*args)
print("Image created")
new_file_name = "v-"+pdf.split('.')[0]+".png"
blob.bucket.blob(new_file_name).upload_from_filename(tmp_png)
Anyway, this gets you around the issue and keeps all the processing in GCF for you. Hope it helps. Your code works for single page PDFs though. My use-case was for multipage pdf conversion, ghostscript code & solution in this question.
This actually seems to be a show stopper for ImageMagick related functionalities using PDF format. Similar code deployed by us on Google App engine via custom docker is failing with the same error on missing authorizations.
I am not sure how to edit the policy.xml file on GAE or GCF but a line there has to be changed to:
<policy domain="coder" rights="read|write" pattern="PDF" />
#Dustin: Do you have a bug link where we can see the progress ?
Update:
I fixed it on my Google app engine container by adding a line in docker image. This directly changes the policy.xml file content after imagemagick gets installed.
RUN sed -i 's/rights="none"/rights="read|write"/g' /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml
This is an upstream bug in Ubuntu, we are working on a workaround for App Engine and Cloud Functions.
While we wait for the issue to be resolved in Ubuntu, I followed #DustinIngram's suggestion and created a virtual machine in Compute Engine with an ImageMagick installation. The downside is that I now have a second API that my API in App Engine has to call, just to generate the images. Having said that, it's working fine for me. This is my setup:
Main API:
When a pdf file is uploaded to Cloud Storage, I call the following:
response = requests.post('http://xx.xxx.xxx.xxx:5000/makeimages', data=data)
Where data is a JSON string with the format {"file_name": file_name}
On the API that is running on the VM, the POST request gets processed as follows:
#app.route('/makeimages', methods=['POST'])
def pdf_to_jpg():
file_name = request.form['file_name']
blob = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name).get_blob(file_name)
_, temp_local_filename = tempfile.mkstemp()
temp_local_filename_jpeg = temp_local_filename + '.jpg'
# Download file from bucket.
blob.download_to_filename(temp_local_filename)
print('Image ' + file_name + ' was downloaded to ' + temp_local_filename)
with Image(filename=temp_local_filename, resolution=300) as img:
pg_num = 0
image_files = {}
image_files['pages'] = []
for img_page in img.sequence:
img_page_2 = Image(image=img_page)
img_page_2.format = 'jpeg'
img_page_2.compression_quality = 70
img_page_2.save(filename=temp_local_filename_jpeg)
new_file_name = file_name.replace('.pdf', 'p') + str(pg_num) + '.jpg'
new_blob = blob.bucket.blob(new_file_name)
new_blob.upload_from_filename(temp_local_filename_jpeg)
print('Page ' + str(pg_num) + ' was saved as ' + new_file_name)
image_files['pages'].append({'page': pg_num, 'file_name': new_file_name})
pg_num += 1
try:
os.remove(temp_local_filename)
except (ValueError, PermissionError):
print('Could not delete the temp file!')
return jsonify(image_files)
This will download the pdf from Cloud Storage, create an image for each page, and save them back to cloud storage. The API will then return a JSON file with the list of image files created.
So, not the most elegant solution, but at least I don't need to convert the files manually.
Related
I am following this link and getting some error:
How to upload folder on Google Cloud Storage using Python API
I have saved model in container environment and from there I want to copy to GCP bucket.
Here is my code:
storage_client = storage.Client(project='*****')
def upload_local_directory_to_gcs(local_path, bucket, gcs_path):
bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket)
assert os.path.isdir(local_path)
for local_file in glob.glob(local_path + '/**'):
print(local_file)
print("this is bucket",bucket)
blob = bucket.blob(gcs_path)
print("here")
blob.upload_from_filename(local_file)
print("done")
path="/pythonPackage/trainer/model_mlm_demo" #this is local absolute path where my folder is. Folder name is **model_mlm_demo**
buc="py*****" #this is my GCP bucket address
gcs="model_mlm_demo2/" #this is the new folder that I want to store files in GCP
upload_local_directory_to_gcs(local_path=path, bucket=buc, gcs_path=gcs)
/pythonPackage/trainer/model_mlm_demo has 3 files in it config, model.bin and arguments.bin`
ERROR
The codes doesn't throw any error, but there is no files uploaded in GCP bucket. It just creates empty folder.
What I can see the error is, you don't need to pass the gs:// as the bucket parameter. Actually, here is an example you may need to check out,
https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/uploading-objects#storage-upload-object-python
def upload_blob(bucket_name, source_file_name, destination_blob_name):
"""Uploads a file to the bucket."""
# The ID of your GCS bucket
# bucket_name = "your-bucket-name"
# The path to your file to upload
# source_file_name = "local/path/to/file"
# The ID of your GCS object
# destination_blob_name = "storage-object-name"
storage_client = storage.Client()
bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name)
blob = bucket.blob(destination_blob_name)
blob.upload_from_filename(source_file_name)
print(
"File {} uploaded to {}.".format(
source_file_name, destination_blob_name
)
)
I have reproduced your issue and the below code snippet works fine. I have updated the code based on folders and names you have mentioned in the question. Let me know if you have any issues.
import os
import glob
from google.cloud import storage
storage_client = storage.Client(project='')
def upload_local_directory_to_gcs(local_path, bucket, gcs_path):
bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket)
assert os.path.isdir(local_path)
for local_file in glob.glob(local_path + '/**'):
print(local_file)
print("this is bucket", bucket)
filename=local_file.split('/')[-1]
blob = bucket.blob(gcs_path+filename)
print("here")
blob.upload_from_filename(local_file)
print("done")
# this is local absolute path where my folder is. Folder name is **model_mlm_demo**
path = "/pythonPackage/trainer/model_mlm_demo"
buc = "py*****" # this is my GCP bucket address
gcs = "model_mlm_demo2/" # this is the new folder that I want to store files in GCP
upload_local_directory_to_gcs(local_path=path, bucket=buc, gcs_path=gcs)
I just came across the gcsfs library which seems to be also about better interfaces
You could copy an entire directory into a gcs location like this:
def upload_to_gcs(src_dir: str, gcs_dst: str):
fs = gcsfs.GCSFileSystem()
fs.put(src_dir, gcs_dst, recursive=True)
I figured out a way using subprocess to upload model artefacts in GCP bucket.
import subprocess
subprocess.call('gsutil cp -r source_folder_in_local gs://*****/folder_name', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
If gsutil is not installed. You can install using this link:
https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil_install
I have files in azure file storage, so I listed the files by the date upload and then I want to select the most recent file uploaded.
So to do this, I created a function that should have returned me, the list of the files. However when I see the output, it return only one file and the other are missing.
Here is my code:
file_service = FileService(account_name='', account_key='')
generator = list(file_service.list_directories_and_files(''))
def list_files_in(generator,file_service):
list_files=[]
for file_or_dir in generator:
file_in = file_service.get_file_properties(share_name='', directory_name="", file_name=file_or_dir.name)
file_date= file_in.properties.last_modified.date()
list_tuple = (file_date,file_or_dir.name)
list_files.append(list_tuple)
return list_files
To get the latest files in azure blob you need to write the logic to get that, below are the code which will give you the same :
For Files
result = file_service.list_directories_and_files(share_name, directory_name)
for file_or_dir in result:
if isinstance(file_or_dir, File):
file = file_service.get_file_properties(share_name, directory_name, file_name, timeout=None, snapshot=None)
print(file_or_dir.name, file.properties.last_modified)
For Blob
from azure.storage.blob import ContainerClient
container = ContainerClient.from_connection_string(conn_str={your_connection_string}, container_name = {your_container_name})
for blob in container.list_blobs():
print(f'{blob.name} : {blob.last_modified}')
You can get the key's and account details from the azure portal for the account access. In this blob.last_modified will give you latest blob item.
I am using jupyterhub and hosting the .ipynb file and hosted on server. I have usecase to upload a CSV from localdrive file and read the same for other dataframe tasks.
uploader = widgets.FileUpload(
accept='*.csv', # Accepted file extension e.g. '.txt', '.pdf', 'image/*', 'image/*,.pdf'
multiple=False # True to accept multiple files upload else False
)
display(uploader)
[input_file] = uploader.value
print(input_file)
pd.read_csv(input_file)
print(input_file) - is printing Test.csv which is CSV file name
I am able to print [input_file] but `pd.read_csv(input_file)' is throwing below error
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'Test.csv'
Not sure were the CSV is uploaded, how can i read that data. Please help.
I don't have your exact ipywidgets version, but can you try this:
input_file = list(uploader.value.values())[0]
content = input_file['content']
content = io.StringIO(content.decode('utf-8'))
df = pd.read_csv(content)
i am trying to upload files to S3 before that i am trying to Gzip files, if you see the code below, the files uploaded to the S3 have no change in the size, so i am trying to figure out if i have missed something.
import gzip
import shutil
from io import BytesIO
def upload_gzipped(bucket, key, fp, compressed_fp=None, content_type='text/plain'):
"""Compress and upload the contents from fp to S3.
If compressed_fp is None, the compression is performed in memory.
"""
if not compressed_fp:
compressed_fp = BytesIO()
with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=compressed_fp, mode='wb') as gz:
shutil.copyfileobj(fp, gz)
compressed_fp.seek(0)
bucket.upload_fileobj(
compressed_fp,
key,
{'ContentType': content_type, 'ContentEncoding': 'gzip'})
Courtesy Link for the source
And this is how i am using this fucntion, so basically reading files as stream from SFTP and then trying to Gzip them and then write them to S3.
with pysftp.Connection(host_name, username=user, password=password, cnopts=cnopts, port=int(port)) as sftp:
list_of_files = sftp.listdir('{}{}'.format(base_path, file_path))
is_file_found = False
for file_name in list_of_files:
if entity_name in str(file_name.lower()):
is_file_found = True
flo = BytesIO()
# Step 1: Read File Using SFTP as input Stream
sftp.getfo('{}{}/{}'.format(base_path, file_path, file_name), flo)
s3_destination_key = '{}/{}'.format(s3_path, file_name)
# Step 2: Write files to desitination S3
logger.info('Moving file to S3 {} '.format(s3_destination_key))
# Creating a bucket resource to use bucket object for file upload
input_bucket_object = S3.Bucket(environment_config['S3_INBOX_BUCKET'])
flo.seek(0)
upload_gzipped(input_bucket_object, s3_destination_key, flo)
It seems like the upload_gzipped function uses shutil.copyfileobj incorrectly.
Looking at https://docs.python.org/3/library/shutil.html#shutil.copyfileobj shows that you put the source first, and destination second.
Also, you're just writing your object to a gzipped object without ever actually compressing it.
You need to compress fp into a Gzip object, then upload that specific object to S3.
I'd recommend not using that gist from github as it seems wrong.
I have this code Which is trying to retrieve file from Git Hub Repositories.
import os
import tarfile
from six.moves import urllib
import urllib.request
DOWNLOAD_ROOT = "https://github.com/ageron/handson-ml/tree/master/"
HOUSING_PATH = os.path.join("datasets", "housing").replace("\\","/")
print(HOUSING_PATH)
HOUSING_URL = DOWNLOAD_ROOT + HOUSING_PATH
print(HOUSING_URL)
print(os.getcwd())
def fetch_housing_data(housing_url=HOUSING_URL, housing_path=HOUSING_PATH):
if not os.path.isdir(housing_path):
os.makedirs(housing_path)
tgz_path = os.path.join(housing_path, "housing.tgz").replace("\\","/")
print(tgz_path)
urllib.request.urlretrieve(housing_url, tgz_path)
housing_tgz = tarfile.open(tgz_path)
housing_tgz.extractall(path=housing_path)
housing_tgz.close()
fetch_housing_data()
After Executing the code I got this Error ReadError: file could not be opened successfully. I did checked the actual file size and the file which is download after executing this code and I came to know that file is downloaded partially.
So is their any way to download the whole file ? Thanks in Advance
Finally I got the problem. It was with the link that I was using to retrieve the file. I didn't knew that RAW link should be used along with the file name (Not using file name will give you 404 Error) in Git Hub Repositories.
So I little bit of modification is needs to be done in actual code posted in my question.
That is :
Change the link from
DOWNLOAD_ROOT = "https://github.com/ageron/handson-ml/tree/master/"
To this :
DOWNLOAD_ROOT = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ageron/handson-ml/master/"
And this
HOUSING_URL = DOWNLOAD_ROOT + HOUSING_PATH
to
HOUSING_URL = DOWNLOAD_ROOT + "datasets/housing/housing.tgz" \\**( Actual File name is needed)**
Thank you !