How does the performance relate to the voltage in digital electronics? [closed] - circuit

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I am studying some techniques to reduce power in digital circuits, and one way was to reduce the applied voltage but the trade off is the delay of the circuit will increase, I would appreciate if someone could explain how the delay is related to the voltage applied.

Every transistor has some capacitance at the gate, this is unavoidable. When you apply a voltage to it in order to trigger the transistor, you need to wait for that "capacitor" to charge. The higher the voltage you apply in relation to the trigger voltage, the faster it'll change and so the faster it'll change its state.
TL;DR lower voltage makes transistors change their state slower due to gate capacitance.

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What is the difference between drift and trend in a time series? [closed]

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I am analyzing a time series using the unit root test.
I am stuck in that I do not understand the difference between trend and drift in the time series.
Is it correct to say that trend is a feature of a time series, whose average changes over time and that drift is a feature of a time series, whose variance changes over time?
Drift is an intercept(static) component in a time series.
c being the drift(intercept) component here.
Trend is represented as a time variant component δt, observe the below equation.
Trend being a time variant increase or decreases over time, so your statement of changing average is true.
I hope this clears your doubt between the two!

Monitoring /sys/block/*/device/ioerr_cnt, what are typical error rates? [closed]

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I am attempting to monitor /sys/block/*/device/ioerr_cnt for disks that are about to fail. I am seeing healthy disks reporting some errors, as well.
What are typical thresholds to distinguish between disk drives operating normally, and those about to fail? Are there best practices in this area?
Here's a good discussion on ioerr_cnt
It's not a good indicator of drive failure since it's really an indicator of how the drive is responding to commands, not how the actual drive hardware is doing. SMART capable drives, for example, remap bad blocks internally and this may not show up in ioerr_cnt.
Your best bet would be to query the drive (if it is SMART capable), since it keeps track of actual error rates and remapped blocks.

Understand results from perf on CentOS 7 [closed]

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I am trying to get some profiling results for an MPI application. I used perf report command on CentOS 7. I searched online and found some wiki for perf, but I still couldn't find the meaning of the first three columns.
According to the perf Tutorial first is the overhead and second one is the self overhead:
The column 'Overhead' indicates the percentage of the overall samples collected in the corresponding function.
The 3rd column in your output is the number of occurrences of the event, called period:
The perf tool defaults to the average rate. It is set to 1000Hz, or 1000 samples/sec. That means that the kernel is dynamically adjusting the sampling period to achieve the target average rate. The adjustment in period is reported in the raw profile data. In contrast, with the other mode, the sampling period is set by the user and does not vary between samples. There is currently no support for sampling period randomization.

Stacked Column Graph adding to less than 100% [closed]

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If I have two percentages e.g. 67% and 80%, I know that I can create a stacked column graph. However, it either adds to 100% or >100%. What I would like to know, is if there is a way to have a column graph with two values, where the 67% is inside the 80% as a different colour and the 80% represents the final 13% on top. This means the total would be 80%.
Yes, plot the increment:
However since I see no programming involved seems Q would be better suited to Super User (where it might soon be migrated).

what is simplest way to warm up CPU above 90 % usage [closed]

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Sorry if this question seems to be foolish. I want to know how can i put my CPU to work that it's usage increase in arbitrary time. for example i want to turn it over 90 % usage.
if Linux command exists or a simple program to do that it will be a pleasure.
Start running BOINC and use your spare capacity to process data for science. You can control how much of your CPU (and GPU) you assign to background processing and you never know - you may be the one to provide the trigger for a cure for cancer or muscular dystrophy.
Keeps you machine occupied doing something useful while you're taking your time punching keys...
Try the following program, compiled in C++
int main() {
for (;;)
;
}
It will sit in a tight loop and chew up available clock cycles.

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