I'm currently working on a Linux machine and I want to know if there is a command that tells you the number of hard drive slots the actual machine has regardless of whether there are hard drives installed or not. I know reading the machine's manual provides that information but is there any way to get this information by command line?
I've tried lshw and dmidecode commands but they do not provide information on slots. This specific machine has 6 slots for hard drives to be installed with only 3 currently occupied. It does not have hardware raid either so I cannot use megacli.
Any help would be appreciated.
What about this command:
smartctl --scan
Output:
/dev/sda -d scsi # /dev/sda, SCSI device
/dev/sdb -d scsi # /dev/sdb, SCSI device
/dev/sdc -d scsi # /dev/sdc, SCSI device
/dev/sdd -d scsi # /dev/sdd, SCSI device
/dev/sde -d scsi # /dev/sde, SCSI device
/dev/sdf -d scsi # /dev/sdf, SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,8 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_08], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,9 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_09], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,10 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_10], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,11 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_11], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,12 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_12], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,13 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_13], SCSI device
lsblk should list all block devices. If you want only physical disks you can use lsblk -d.
Example:
lsblk -o name,serial
Output:
NAME SERIAL
sda S2U5J1VZ500792
├─sda1
└─sda9
sdb W3APDFP8
├─sdb1
└─sdb9
Can it be done by lspci or lsscsi command. It can tell you the PCI or SCSI slots available and used.
Related
I am new to OpenWrt and Linux/Unix shell. Prior to this, was using dd-wrt for 2 years. Recently switched to OpenWrt and got the basic setup done(wifi/internet working). I need to install transmission my router. But, USB device won't mount.
The Details of the router are as follows:
Router Model:
Asus RT-N13U B1
Image flashed:
chaos_calmer 15.05.1 (openwrt-15.05.1-ramips-rt305x-rt-n13u-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin)
Usb Details:
Crusier Blade 16GB usb 2.0
Formatted to ext4 using GParted bootable cd
Drivers Installed:
kmod-usb-core(preinstalled)
kmod-usb-dwc2(preinstalled)
kmod-usb2
kmod-usb-storage
kmod-fs-ext4
kmod-scsi-core(preinstalled)
Here are permissions for dev/sda, /dev/sda1 and /mnt (set 777 manually):
~#ls -l /dev
brwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8, 0 Jan 17 21:56 sda
brwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8, 1 Jan 17 21:56 sda1
~#ls -l ..
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 0 Jan 16 21:28 mnt
Error while mounting:
~# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda1 /mnt
mount: mounting /dev/sda1 on /mnt failed: No such file or directory
echo $?
255
sda1 is present inside dev and /mnt directory exists. Still it shows an error.
I have tried installing/reinstalling and then mounting, but for the same result. Also when I disconnect the USB sda and sda1 folders disappear and then reappear when USB is reconnected so I guess the device is being detected successfully.
What is it, that I am missing?
Edit:
Added edits as suggested in the comments.
dmesg output (The output is very big so linked it)
Edit 2:
Switched to LEDE 17. Is more stable and have had zero issues in the past week.
the critical part of the dmesg output is
[ 9.410000] mount_root: loading kmods from internal overlay
[ 9.940000] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 9.960000] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[ 9.980000] ehci-platform:EHCI generic platform driver [ 9.990000] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: no of_node; not parsing pinctrl DT
[ 9.990000] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 10.010000] scsi host0: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[ 10.020000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 10.100000] block: attempting to load /tmp/jffs_cfg/upper/etc/config/fstab
[ 10.120000] block: extroot: not configured
[ 10.130000] mount_root: switching to jffs2 overlay
[ 10.180000] procd: - early -
[ 11.020000] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access SanDisk Cruzer Blade 1.27 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 11.030000] sd 0:0:0:0: no of_node; not parsing pinctrl DT
[ 11.050000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 30529536 512-byte logical blocks: (15.6 GB/14.5 GiB)
[ 11.070000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[ 11.070000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 11.090000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 11.120000] sda: sda1
[ 11.130000] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 11.550000] EXT4-fs (sda1): Cannot load crc32c driver
oh no, this seems to be a bug
Bug#819725: ext4 missing softdep on crc32c module
https://lists.debian.org/debian-kernel/2016/04/msg00013.html
the following workaround is not applicable because initramfs is a native file system at startup time (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initramfs) and has no influence when the system is fully up (rootfs is mounted):
Until this is fixed in the kernel package, you can work around it by
either:
Setting base-installer/initramfs-tools/driver-policy to "most" instead of "dep"
Setting base-config/late_command to a script that adds crc32c to /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
post the stack trace anyway, maybe there is another workaround
this is overcomplicated stuff...
here is maybe a solution https://forum.openwrt.org/viewtopic.php?id=69175
download kmod-lib-crc32c and kmod-crypto-crc32c
if this is not working maybe the easiest solution is to format the USB stack as VFAT and to wait for a new kernel...
this is not a permissions error. a permission error would return EPERM -> error code 1 Operation not permitted
it would be interesting to know what exit code the mount returns. The 'exit behavior is very different in the several mount version' i.e. mount(2) and mount(8)
for getting the return value, type in a shell the command
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
then
echo $?
the number is the returned exit code of the mount (the 255 means 'exit status out of range' in this case '-1', http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/exitcodes.html#EXITCODESREF)
a listing of the mount(8) exit codes is i.e. in http://www.stackoverflow.com/questions/33167585/what-are-the-return-codes-values-of-linux-umount
http://www.becane.com/2014/09/02/understanding-exit-codes-and-how-to-use-them-in-a-bash-script
beside the return value mount(2) also sets an error code in errno (http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/errno.3.html). printing errno in shell is a bit difficult it is easier to get a reference like http://www-numi.fnal.gov/offline_software/srt_public_context/WebDocs/Errors/unix_system_errors.html and search for the error string, in this case No such file or directory
the string No such file or directory is system error ENOENT
As a system error ENOENT means A pathname was empty or had a nonexistent component. (http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mount.2.html)
try sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sda1 /mnt because the stick is formatted in ext4
if this is not working dmesg output would be interesting
detach usb device, reattach usb device, type dmesg and see the output. in the output of dmesg you also see which drivers are loaded for the device
https://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/usb.storage says that you need several more drivers (block-mount, kmod-scsi-core,...) because a usb stick (USB Mass Storage class) is also a SCSI and a block device...
(linux system error codes are in http://www-numi.fnal.gov/offline_software/srt_public_context/WebDocs/Errors/unix_system_errors.html)
print a stack trace sudo strace -f mount -t ext4 -o default /dev/sda1 /mnt and post it
There's any way to detect if a block device, like /dev/sda or /dev/sdc, is related to a local disk (scsi or sata I mean) or to a removable USB disk?
I'm writing a shell script that have to detect ONLY local disks block devices, excluding any removable disks.
Thanks!
You can use udev, the Linux device manager.
Querying for each block device will show several informations about it, including the bus, which you can use in order to discern if the device is a removable USB one.
This is the script:
for device in /sys/block/sd*; do
device_info="$(udevadm info --query=property --path=$device)"
device_name=$(echo "$device_info" | perl -ne 'print "$1" if /^DEVNAME=(.*)/')
device_bus=$(echo "$device_info" | perl -ne 'print "$1" if /^ID_BUS=(.*)/')
echo "Device $device_name bus: $device_bus"
done
and this is a sample result:
Device /dev/sda bus: ata
Device /dev/sdb bus: ata
Device /dev/sdc bus: usb
Use lshw:
lshw -class disk -class storage
and look for the bus info string.
Attempt to run the following command with root privilege on kernel 2.6.35 results in error:
% echo 0000:00:03.0 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/foo/bind
-bash: echo: write error: No such device
UPDATE
The device does exist in /sys/bus/pci/devices/ the output of lspci is as follows:
% lspci -v -s 0000:00:03.0
00:03.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 02)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter
Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 10
Memory at f0000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=128K]
I/O ports at d010 [size=8]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: e1000
I think I resolved the issue. It appears that the driver requires to unbind device at first.
It also appears that the shell processes redirection (echo .. > /sys/bus/..) with user permission, and 'sudo' handles only the command, i.e. 'echo' but not the whole command line that follows it, therefore it has to be executed this way:
% sudo sh -c "echo 0000:00:03.0 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/foo/unbind"
% sudo sh -c "echo 0000:00:03.0 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/foo_new/bind"
Hello I am using Linux usb gadget facility to emulate a USB flash drive. It is working fine except for very low performance.
I use a 4Gb file, created by dd and created a ext2 or vfat (tried both) partition on it. Than I mount it using the following command sequence:
# modprobe dummy_hcd is_super_speed=1 # I tried is_high_speed=1, and no parameter too
# modprobe g_mass_storage file=/home/del/img/flash stall=0 # tried w/o stall=0 too
# mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/tmp
After that I get /dev/sdc and /dev/sdc1 devices created without any errors in dmesg:
[1256700.986581] usb 3-1: reset high-speed USB device number 5 using dummy_hcd
[1256701.022551] gadget: high-speed config #1: Linux File-Backed Storage
[1256701.242481] usb 3-1: reset high-speed USB device number 5 using dummy_hcd
[1256701.278422] gadget: high-speed config #1: Linux File-Backed Storage
[1256701.422339] gadget: high-speed config #1: Linux File-Backed Storage
[1256934.915697] usb 3-1: reset high-speed USB device number 5 using dummy_hcd
[1256934.951628] gadget: high-speed config #1: Linux File-Backed Storage
[1256935.915155] usb 3-1: reset high-speed USB device number 5 using dummy_hcd
[1256935.951090] gadget: high-speed config #1: Linux File-Backed Storage
[1256936.095018] gadget: high-speed config #1: Linux File-Backed Storage
[1317073.396892] usb-storage 3-1:1.0: Quirks match for vid 0525 pid a4a5: 10000
[1317073.396995] scsi53 : usb-storage 3-1:1.0
[1317074.411883] scsi 53:0:0:0: Direct-Access Linux File-CD Gadget 0302 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
[1317074.412669] sd 53:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[1317074.431910] sd 53:0:0:0: [sdc] 8388608 512-byte logical blocks: (4.29 GB/4.00 GiB)
[1317074.443816] sd 53:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[1317074.443821] sd 53:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 0f 00 00 00
[1317074.455839] sd 53:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[1317074.551757] sdc: sdc1
[1317074.683704] sd 53:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk
The problem is that IO performance is very poor. Writing 200Mb file takes quite a while:
$ ls -lh file
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root del 206M Sep 4 09:34 file
$ time sudo cp file /mnt/tmp/
real 11m59.618s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m0.260s
Which is about 300K/sec. However the same file on the same system is copied to a real USB flash in less than a minute.
Iotop shows something like this:
TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND
9986 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 262.05 K/s 0.00 % 99.86 % cp file /mnt/tmp/
20651 be/4 root 51.77 K/s 238.95 K/s 0.00 % 93.23 % [file-storage]
Can anything be done to improve the performance of g_mass_storage-emulated USB drive?
PS: I am using kernel
$ uname -rm
3.2.0-4-686-pae i686
Same here.
After one night at 6:00 i had a solution for me.
modprobe g_mass_storage file=/home/del/img/flash stall=0 buflen=65536
This made up to 5MByte/sec
modprobe g_mass_storage file=/home/del/img/flash stall=0 nofua=1
This made up to 11MByte/sec
A combination of "buflen" and "nofua" did not really helped.
About "nufua" read here: http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/drivers/usb/gadget/file_storage.c?v=3.5
Ultrasoft /
I am looking for a way to list any usb connected devices or removable storage media.
I will be using this list for a gtk boot media writer, so a user can easily write an iso to a usb.
This creates a perfect list of ALL partitions:
ls /dev | grep "[sh]d[a-z][1-9]"
How can I get a similar looking list that is only removable media?
On my system (Ubuntu 12.04), I can get a list of USB devices and partitions with
ls /dev/disk/by-path/*usb*
giving
/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:02.1-usb-0:1.1:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0
/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:02.1-usb-0:1.1:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part1
or partitions alone
ls /dev/disk/by-path/*usb*part*
These are symbolic links, pointing to the real device files, /dev/sdd and /dev/sdd1 for example.
I have tested this with a USB stick and an external USB hard disk only. I cannot say, whether or how this works with eSATA or Firewire disks.
Based on the answer of Olaf Dietsche, I end up with the following:
devs=`ls -al /dev/disk/by-path/*usb*part* 2>/dev/null | awk '{print($11)}'`; for dev in $devs; do dev=${dev##*\/}; echo -n "$dev ("; echo -n `mount | grep \`echo -E ${dev}\` | awk '{print($3)}'`; echo ")"; done
For me the above code is showing the usb devices and where they are mounted (between parentheses). It worked on Ubuntu 13.04 and 12.04.2, but I do not know if it will work on any other system.
Maybe you can use the output of lsusb command :
lsusb
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0db0:3870 Micro Star International
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 004: ID 14cd:6116 Super Top M6116 SATA Bridge
To get the mounted path of usb storage use
mount|grep /media|awk '{print $3}'
explanation to command
mount will print all the mounted drives and grep will display only drives mounted in /media, (considering /media is default mount point ) this output is piped to awk which will print the mounted path of usb drive
bootiso BASH utility just do that when called with -l option. Here is the output of a slightly modified bash snippet:
/dev/sdd /dev/sde
Relevant snippet:
printUSBDevices() {
typeset -a usbDevices
typeset -a devices
getDeviceType() {
typeset deviceName=/sys/block/${1#/dev/}
typeset deviceType=$(udevadm info --query=property --path="$deviceName" | grep -Po 'ID_BUS=\K\w+')
echo "$deviceType"
}
mapfile -t devices < <(lsblk -o NAME,TYPE | grep --color=never -oP '^\K\w+(?=\s+disk$)')
for device in "${devices[#]}" ; do
if [ "$(getDeviceType "/dev/$device")" == "usb" ]; then
usbDevices+=("/dev/$device")
fi
done
echo "${usbDevices[#]}"
}
printUSBDevices