Direction furthest away from a set points - geometry

Say a number of points are arrayed on the edge of a circle. Starting from the centre of the circle, how do I find what direction I should move in to maximize my distance from the red closest point? I want to get away from the points in red. Another way of framing the question is to find a new point on the circle that maximizes the distance from it the nearest red point. Below are some examples, with my desired directions in blue, and points I want to get away from in red.

Sort all points on the circle into a list, clockwise
pair each point with its successor, and the last point with the first one
find the pair with the greatest angular distance (ca. 200° clockwise between the 2nd and 3th point in the first pic)
The desired direction is halfway between those two points ( ca. 100° after the 2nd point in the first pic)

Related

The closest point

How to place n points in a plane so that the distance between every two points is unique and at the same time we could choose one of them that is the closest for all others n-1 points.
I tried to draw it. But I was able to draw it only for max n=5. I drew two perpendicular lines. One point I was intersection of the lines and the others points lie on the line so that they formed a quadrilateral and point I was inside. With more points it seems impossible to me but I can't prove why

Find the largest square that can fit within a given polygon centered a a given point

Let's say I have a polygon specified by a set of vertices.
In addition, I also have a defined "starting point" that could be anywhere in the polygon.
How could I find the largest square, centered at the starting point, that fits completely within the polygon?
How about finding the largest x,y aligned distances from vertices to the start point?
If you also consider the sign of the distance you get the maximun +x,-x size and +y,-y size
The size of the square is limited by either one of its sides hitting a vertex of the polygon or one of its corners hitting a side of the polygon.
If rotation is not allowed,
find the shortest horizontal or vertical distance from the target point to the vertices;
find the closest intersections of the main bissectors through the target point and the polygon outline.
Keep the smallest square so defined.
If rotation is allowed, the problem is more difficult.

Build a geographical map from triangle points based on distance

I have 5 {x,y} points randomly placed on a grid
Each of the points do not know the {x,y} coordinates of the other points
Each of the points do know the distance of each of the other points from their {x,y} position
Each of the points exchanges this distance information with every other point
So every point knows every distance of every other point
Using this distance information every point can calculate (by finding the angles) triangles for every other point using itself as a reference point
Example, point 1 can calculate the following triangles:
1-2-3,
1-2-4,
1-2-5,
1-3-4,
1-3-5,
1-4-5,
and using the distance data recieved from the other points it can also calculate
2-3-4,
2-3-5,
2-4-5,
3-4-5
I would like to build a map of the location of every other point relative to a single point
How should I go about doing this? I am asuming it would be some kind of triangulation algorithm but these mainly seem to compute the location of a point from three other points, not the other way around where the other points {x,y} coordinates are discovered based on only the distance information.
I have tried plotting the two possible triangles for every 3 triangle points and then rotating them on a fixed known point to try and align them, but I think this avenue will end up with too many possibilities and errors
Ultimately I would like every point to end up with {x,y} coordinates of every other point relative to itself
You know the distance from one point to every other, dij. Thus, point 2 lies in a circumference of center point 1 and radius = d12. Point 3 lies in a circumference of center point 1 and R=d13 and it also lies in another circumference of center point 2 and R=d23.
See this picture:
I've set point 2 in X-axis for simplicity.
As you see, point 3 is on the intersection of two cicrcumferences centered at P1 and P2. There is a second intersection, P3a. Let's choose the one that is upwards and continue.
For P4 we can use three circumferences, centered at P1, P2 and P3. Again we get two solutions.
The same process can be done with the rest of points. For Pn you have n-1 circumferences.
I'm sure you can find the maths for circle-circle intersection.
Some remarks must be observed:
1) The construction is simpler if you first sort the points by distance to P1.
2) Not all distances generate a solution. For example, increase d13 an there's no intersection between the two circumferences for P3. Or increase d14 and now the three circumferences don't intersect in just the two expected points 4 and 4a.
3) This fact can be overworked by considering the average of intersections and the distance from each solution to this average. You can set a tolerance in these distances and tell if the average is a solution or else some dij is wrong. Since two solutions are possible, you must consider two averages.
4) The two possible triangulations are symmetric, over X-axis in the case I've drawn.
The real solution is obtained by a rotation around P1. To calculate the angle of rotation you need the {x,y} coordinates of another point.

Gaps Between Rectangles Connected at the Center

I'm experimenting with a vector based graphics style with objects represented as series of line segments with a given width(it would probably be easier to think of these as rectangles). The problem is that these segments are connected at the center and leave a gap (shown below). I've determined that the most efficient way to cover this gap is simply to cover it with a triangle, and since I'm working in OpenGL, all I need are the points of the two points that don't overlap with the other rectangle, the third point being the center point where the two line segments(rectangles) are connected. How can I determine which points I need to use for the triangle, given that I have all of the points from both rectangles?
EDIT: I will also accept alternative solutions, as long as they cover up that gap.
EDIT 2: Nevermind, I solved it. I'll post code once I have better Internet connection.
Maybe I'm misunderstanding the question... but if you zoom in on the top corner of your red pentagon, you get something like this, am I right?
where A and B are nodes on the rectangle for edge1 and C and D are nodes on the rectangle for edge2. You say you already know these coordinates. And from what you say, the edges meet at the centre, which is halfway between A and B, and also halfway between C and D. So call this point X, and you can calculate its coordinates easily I guess.
So all you need to do is draw the missing triangle AXC, right? So one way would be to determine that A and C are on the "outside" of the polygon (and therefore need filling) and B and D are on the "inside" and therefore don't. But it's probably easier to just draw both, as it doesn't hurt. So if you fill AXC and BXD, you'd get this:
The solution I found assumes that there are 3 basic cases:
First, the three unique center points for the two rectangle proceed upward (positive y direction) so the gap is either on the left or right of the connection. In my code, I had the corner points of the rectangle organized by their orientation to the left or right of the center point, so if the bottom rectangle's left point is below the top rectangle's left point, then the gap is between the left points of the two rectangles, otherwise the gap is between the right points.
Second, the three unique center points have a maximum at the center most of the center points, so the gap is on the top. The gap is then between the two points with the maximum y values.
Third, the three unique center points have a minimum at the center most of the center points, so the gap is on the bottom. The gap is then between the two points with the minimum y values.
[I'll post pictures of the example cases if it is requested]

How to calculate mid point vertices?

I have a set of vertices to draw a circle, but I want to draw a high-res circle by drawing twice the number of vertices, I cant just increase the number of vertices what I need is to calculate the mid points from the supplied vertices, if that makes sense
So from that image how can I calculate the points A, B, C, ... given the points V0, V1, V2, ... and the center point of the circle ?
Please note that I cant just calculate the mid-points by rotating the vertices they need to be calculated using their position
Thanks
The center of the circle can be determined by making a perpendicular line to two neighboring "sides", and intersecting them.
If there are an even number of vertices, just pick two which are opposite to each other, and "avarage them" - calculate the midpoint.
Then, you can just rotate all the vertices to either way by 180°/No.vertices around this center, so you get the ones you are looking for. Of course, you should keep the existing ones too.

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