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I need to install a package on a system without internet access (the package contains a driver for network card).
System A has internet connection and runs Ubuntu 14; System B has no internet connection and runs Ubuntu 16.
How can I download all dependencies recursively with the correct version on system A, that could be next installed on system B?
I would suggest that you run a docker container (or some type of virtualization) with Ubuntu 16.04 on System A. After that, you can update the packages index (apt update) then install the desired packages on that system. Finally, you may copy the packages index from /var/lib/apt, and the packages themselves from /var/cache/apt/archives to System B.
It's a good practice to restrict hosts from internet access. However, as a patch management solution, you should setup a local mirror - this will centralize your patching needs for the entire organization. It's not just limited to ubuntu but you could host multiple linux distro mirrors. The only thing you really need is a large capacity disk, maybe mirror it for some non-critical resiliency. This will also cut-back on a multi-server environment using bandwidth, limiting the bandwidth to a single host pulling updates to it's mirror one-time. Just make sure you have a process or script to run to regularly check for updates. That way your hosts are ready for patching when you need it, assuming you stay on top of emerging threats and vulnerability management for various *Nix platforms.
I'm not a huge fan of reinventing the wheel so.. here's a couple how-to references.
How-to: Setup a local Ubuntu Aptitude Repo (Can setup to mirror Ubuntu 14,15,16 to support all your linux hosts.)
How-to: Set a local CentOS YUM Repo (just incase you have some RH based servers)
What you're going to have to do afterwards is change your /etc/apt/sources.list to point to your new internal repository for aptitude repos. You can just copy the lines existing there, change the server domain name to your local server. Then you don't need any of your linux hosts to communicate to any hosts outside of your network, the one server pulling from the mirrors can. It will definitely help you refine your security needs.
For RHEL based or yum, it's configured in /etc/yum.repos.d/{reponame}.repo
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I have to install mosquitto MQTT on Linux server. I searched on internet and found most of the documents explain how to install in on Linux OS or windows OS. My ask is how to install it in Linux server. Which directory, I need to use and how to do?
Linux OS and Linux Server are two similar things. At least on this level of needs which is just installing an application.
At the first I'd recommend you to read some Linux tutorial, at first glance something like this. There you get the knowledge that installing programs into Linux quite depends on Linux distribution you currently use. And, when you are not compiling the source code of a program, you can not usually affect the destination directory - Linux has the different philosophy of folders than Windows and usually you don't install the program to one directory in some root but to many of them (bin, lib, share, ...). But in minority also some installers exists and you can affect the top level destination directory using them. I am not sure what kind of attitude chose Mosquito MQTT.
At the second I've read the Mosquito MQTT Download page and it seems that the easiest way ( ! but I am not sure if the desired in your company environment ! ) is to install snap via the packaging system of your Linux distribution and just run the recommended snap install mosquitto. And if the snap package is build reasonably, you will have your application installed and ready to run and configure.
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I made a mistake during the installation of Debian 11. My plan was to run Debian next to Win10 by using Grub2 but installed Debian high secure LVM which overwrote my notebook's complete Harddisk. I am completely new to Linux so as you can imagine I struggle hard because I only have a "DOS-style-Terminal". The Debian 11 .iso ist only 3xx mb large and I wonder if i am able to install Gnome from the given Terminal. Some sources mentioned Gnome could be part of the .iso .Is it true? Do I have a chance to process? If not I concidered to add a folder on the bootable USB stick, add something like "gnome.deb" and try to progress this way. I dont have internet in my Asus Vivobook model M712D because of missing"RTW88......" which makes my situation even worse but can access the internet by my Smartphone. In the end I want to install vscode to progress at www.freecodecamp.org using Debian instead of Kali for advanced Linux learning and future operations. I am sure this is a topic to discuss, I cant imagine I am the only one struggling on this issue. Many Windows user gets prevented from using linux by this issue .
The small size of the image indicates that you probably used the Network Install image. This minimal image does not feature desktop environments. Your options are:
Download an image that features a desktop environment (complete installation image, see here) and reinstall Debian using this image.
Install the desktop environment yourself. To do that, you could try sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install task-gnome-desktop. This, however requires an internet connection.
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I have a site that accumulated high traffic so Im thinking of moving to VPS hosting.
but I am a complete newbie with linux. so I have some questions:
what is the recommended OS for VPS? most searches show CENTOS or
Debian.
What platform is recommended? 64bit / 32bit ?
what are the basic installation necessary for an operational VPS (web server) ?
what are the extra recommended installation?
I want to first try to install locally on virtualbox, so any suggestions for a good guide will be appreciated.
10x.
What is the recommended OS for VPS? most searches show CENTOS or
Debian.
Both CentOS and Debian are excellent operating systems, if you choose either of them, you won't go wrong. Debian is certainly rocksolid OS with great security track-records. However, Since you are new with Linux machines, you would need some sort of control panel to manage the Linux machine.Hence, I would recommend CentOS box with cPanel for easy startup.
What platform is recommended? 64bit / 32bit ?
Of course 64 Bit Operating system.
what are the basic installation necessary for an operational VPS (web
server) ? What are the extra recommended installation?
cPanel will include all necessary tools and software to run web server. However, if you wish you can install firewall or other required tools through terminal. Also, you can try out CentOS in virtual box easily, for cPanel, you would need license and static IP address.
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I have a handful of servers and would like to configure them as close as possible to a standard HPC cluster, currently focusing on automated node provisioning. My requirements for this are:
All nodes are identical, so I'd like to use a pre-configured install I have set up on one of the nodes
I have created an image of this install, which I would like to use to boot all nodes (this is a copy of the filesystem on the configured node)
The software image should be installed on the local disk of each node (not mounted over NFS)
I've been playing around with PXE and managed load Ubuntu 14.04 on a slave node, with the software image provided through NFS.
Is it possible to tell PXE to copy the contents of the NFS-mounted directory to a local disk partition and then make it boot/run linux from there?
Is it possible to tell PXE to copy the contents of the NFS-mounted
directory to a local disk partition and then make it boot/run linux
from there?
PXE is just a mechanism for booting a system over the network. Since you have complete control over what you feed your systems via PXE, you can do pretty much anything you want.
Four your scenario, you would want to boot into some sort of minimal Linux environment that is able to:
Mount NFS filesystems
Copy files
Configure the bootloader locally
That's a pretty short shell script. Once it completes, you would reboot the system, which ideally would be configured to prefer booting from the local disk (so that once you have configured the local boot loader, the system will not attempt to PXE boot during subsequent boots).
You may want to take a look at the Clonzezilla project, which does some of what you want.
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I've got to build about a half-dozen instances of a very large & complex linux database server.
I can't set up the machines myself - instead I've got to request the config to be built. Additionally, I can't mandate an automation tool such as Chef for the configuration. I've provided the sysadmins with extremely clear spreadsheets that describe the config - but it's very error-prone to build, time-consuming to test and they make a wreck of it each time.
So, I'd like have a tool that will test the following:
system info: installed software & versions, default configs, security policies, sudo list, etc
user info: userids, group membership, primary group, umask, ulimits, home directories, home directory privs, etc
storage info: raid configurations & extent sizes, volumes, file systems, file system types, mount points, ownership & privs, etc
database info: installed software & versions, installation locations, database config, tablespaces, bufferpools, and database objects
I don't need a single tool to do it all, I'd be happy enough to find a few tools that together could pull this together. And I'll write at least parts of it if I have to - but would be bummed if I spent a week writing something when there was something better already available.
You can create puppet recipes to configure your own independent servers on VMs.
Then copy those puppet manifests on the actual servers and run puppet in "noop" mode, referencing the local manifest files. That should give you answers as to whats missing.
Not sure if it is same as what #bash suggested.
In VMWare world, you can first create a server, then convert it in to a template.
So, you first create a server and make sure you have all the required settings done on it - i.e; validate once to make sure if it 100% as you wanted.
Convert this server to a template. Now you can stamp as man clones out of this template as you wish - and all of them are guaranteed to look identical.