I am trying to build a block chain system. How could i find the best platform ? Is there any Superiority for the Hyper-ledger over ethereum ?
Both ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric are suited for very different visions in regard with their fields of application.
Hyperledger Fabric provides customisable and extendable architecture that may be used in diverse fields ranging from banking to supply chain to healthcare et al. Ethereum’s unique feature of providing us with a cross-disciplinary platform for all kinds of transactions and use cases.
ethereum is permissionless and Hyperledger Fabric is permissioned.
consesus mechanism used by Ethereum use Proof of Work (POW), Hyperledger Fabric use Byzantine Fault Tolerant(BFT).
Issue with POW
- It requires lot of computational power (CPU cycles, GPU, electricity)
to get random bits.
- Tragedy of the commons Miners reward reduces over time, when this occurs less miners will mine these blocks. This could open up window for malicious users who can easily acquire more than 51% of network and thus destroying the network.
Following are the languages in which smart contracts are written for ethereum and hyper-ledger
ethereum :solidity,LLL,serpent
hyper-ledger :go or java
crypto currency
Ethereum :Another noteworthy difference is that Ethereum features a
built-in cryptocurrency called Ether. It is used to pay rewards to
nodes that contribute to reach consensus by mining blocks as well as
to pay transaction fees.
Hyperledger : Hyperledger Fabric does not require a build-in cryptocurrency as consensus is not reached via mining. With Fabric, however, it is possible to develop a native currency or a digital token with chaincode.
Related
What are the advantages of hyperledger-fabric compared to a private Ethereum network? According to what I've read, Ethereum seems to be more like a general-purpose blockchain network whereas hyperledger-fabric can be more business-oriented but so far the features offering that advantage are not very clear to me.
Fabric is a Hyperledger project. It is an enterprise-grade distributed ledger that allows the development blockchain solutions
with a modular architecture. It has a permissioned architecture,
support modularization, pluggable consensus, and supports smart
contracts(aka ‘Chaincode’ in case of Hyperledger Fabric).
Various functions in the fabric are pluggable, and it also allows the use of any language to develop smart contracts. This functionality
is possible because it is based on container technology (Docker),
which can host any language.
As of now smart-contract in the blockchain run on an order-execute environment where the consensus protocol validate and order
transactions and broadcasts it to all the peer nodes in the network,
each peer node then sequentially executes the transaction. Most
blockchains today run on this order-execute blockchain environment.
The issue in this order-execute environment is that the smart contract
running here needs to be deterministic otherwise a consensus might
never be reached. To solve this issue, smart contracts have been
written in non-standard languages like Solidity with which the
non-deterministic operations are eliminated. However, this hinders
blockchain large scale adoption as smart contracts need to be written
in an altogether new language and it may lead to programming errors.
Moreover, as all transactions are only executed sequentially,
performance and scale are limited.
As Fabric eliminates the non-determinism issue, it has become the
first blockchain to enable the use of standard programming languages
to write smart contracts. In the 1.1.0 release, the smart contracts
will be written in either Node.js or Go; in the subsequent releases it
is envisioned that the platform will support other popular programming
languages like Java.
As widely known, the public blockchain network runs on Proof-of-Work concept and the transactions are executed on every node. Every
transaction and code that is implemented is visible to every node in
the network. This means neither the smart contract stays confidential
nor the transaction data which is processed. This means we have
exchanged the privacy of the contract and data for the public
consensus concept of PoW.
This lack of privacy is problematic for businesses. For example, in a supply chain business, some partners might be offered additional
discounts as a means of solidifying business. If everyone in the
network is able to see the contract and transaction, it won’t be
possible to do business – everyone will ask for the discounted rates!
Hyperledger Fabric as a permissioned blockchain offers privacy and confidentiality through its channel architecture. With Fabric, one can
establish a “channel” between the subset of participants who should be
granted the right to access a set of transactions. Like a network
overlay, only the nodes that participate in a channel have the access
to the chaincode (smart contract) and transaction data. This helps to
preserve confidentiality and privacy and builds trust in the network.
To enhance the privacy and confidentiality aspect, Fabric is offering
support to keep the data private and is developing zero knowledge
proofs (ZKP).
hi hope you are doing well. by the way I have a research on the frameworks used by blockchain. I found a problem while fixing the differences between Hyper-Ledger Fabric and hyper ledger Besu. can you help me
You can find the differences from the description given in official documentation:
Hyperledger Besu is an open source Ethereum client developed under the Apache 2.0 license and written in Java. It can be run on the Ethereum public network or on private permissioned networks, as well as test networks such as Rinkeby, Ropsten, and Görli. Hyperledger Besu includes several consensus algorithms including PoW, PoA, and IBFT, and has comprehensive permissioning schemes designed specifically for uses in a consortium environment.
Hyperledger Fabric is an open source enterprise-grade permissioned distributed ledger technology (DLT) platform, designed for use in enterprise contexts, that delivers some key differentiating capabilities over other popular distributed ledger or blockchain platforms. Fabric has a highly modular and configurable architecture, enabling innovation, versatility and optimization for a broad range of industry use cases including banking, finance, insurance, healthcare, human resources, supply chain and even digital music delivery.
For further details you can refer following links:
https://besu.hyperledger.org/en/stable/
https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/release-2.2/whatis.html
Hyperledger Besu was added to Hyperledger open source family at August of 2019 and is the newest member I believe. Here is the words about the Besu:
Hyperledger Besu is an open source Ethereum client developed under the Apache 2.0 license and
written in Java. It can be run on the Ethereum public network or on private permissioned networks,
as well as test networks such as Rinkeby, Ropsten, and Görli. Hyperledger Besu includes several
consensus algorithms including PoW, PoA, and IBFT, and has comprehensive permissioning schemes
designed specifically for uses in a consortium environment.
Here is the words about Iroha:
Hyperledger Iroha is designed to be simple and easy to incorporate into infrastructural or IoT
projects requiring distributed ledger technology. Hyperledger Iroha features a simple construction,
modular, domain-driven C++ design, emphasis on client application development and a new, crash fault
tolerant consensus algorithm, called YAC.
Besu probably has token and Iroha does not. Besu may have more adoption as it has been derived from Ethereum. I am looking for a permission based blockchain technology (likely without token and require smart contract) which enables transactions and keeps track of transactions (for ex, transaction parties, items involved (images of items), amount, date) of items (for ex, painting. its digital images are stored in transaction record). What is the difference between Iroha and Besu? which technology may be better for enabling & keeping track of transaction?
I have a problem with understanding why Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) uses blockchain structure.
I know that in Bitcoin blockchain structure ensures big security due to PoW algorithm and longest chain rule, but what are advantages of using a blockchain structure in HLF?
It seems to me that in Hyperledger Fabric, instead of the blockchain structure, there could be one transaction history log and network could work in the same way - I bet I'm wrong, but I haven't been able to find an explanation yet.
I would be grateful for the clarification of this issue.
I think a lot of questions you have in your mind comes from the overlapped definitions of DLT and blockchain.
DLT:
A DLT is simply a decentralized database that is managed by various participants. There is no central authority that acts as an arbitrator or monitor. As a distributed log of records, there is greater transparency – making fraud and manipulation more difficult – and it is more complicated to hack the system.
All of this could well be familiar because it’s written about the features of blockchain as well.
Blockchain:
Blockchain is nothing else but a DLT with a specific set of features. It is also a shared database – a log of records – but in this case shared by means of blocks that, as the name indicates, form a chain. The blocks are closed by a type of cryptographic signature called a ‘hash’; the next block begins with that same ‘hash’, a kind of wax seal. That is how it is verified that the encrypted information has not been manipulated and that it can’t be manipulated.
DLT platforms that are not blockchain provide immutability too, but it's just the way Hyperledger Fabric provides this characteristic which makes it a blockchain framework.
Every blockchain framework, be it the Ethereum, Bitcoin, etc all store the transaction information in blocks, where each block is linked to its predecessor by a hash and provides immutability.
Corda is very much similar to Hyperledger Fabric, but it is said to be both a blockchain and not a blockchain. Architecturally, it's very much similar to Hyperleder Fabric, but with only a key difference which makes Hyperledger Fabric a blockchain framework, and Corda a DLT.
I'll try to answer your question by emphasizing on the point that why Corda is not a blockchain.
Why is Corda a blockchain, and not a blockchain?
A Transaction in Corda is cryptographically linked (chained) to the transactions it depends on. Just like Bitcoin, but the range of concepts that can be expressed is far wider.
Transactions in Corda are processed by having each participant in the transaction execute the same code deterministically to verify the proposed updates to the ledger. Just like Ethereum, but the languages you can use are high-level and productive, like Java, rather than obscure ones like Solidity.
Transactions in Corda are shared only with those who have a need to know. Just like channels in Fabric but designed in from day one and fully integrated into the programming model.
Transactions in Corda are confirmed through a process of consensus forming using one of a range of algorithms, including Byzantine Fault Tolerant algorithms. Just like any other blockchain, but with the unique features that a Corda network can support multiple different consensus pools using different algorithms.
So, for all intents and purposes, Corda is a blockchain. And yet… there’s also an utterly critical difference.
Unlike the platforms mentioned above, Corda does not periodically batch up transactions needing confirmation — into a block — and confirm them in one go. Instead, Corda confirms each transaction in real-time. No need to wait for a bunch of other transactions to come along. No need to wait for a “block interval”. Each transaction is confirmed as we go.
Now coming onto your question why Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) uses blockchain structure? The answer is simply because they chose to.
References:
https://www.bbva.com/en/difference-dlt-blockchain/
https://cointelegraph.com/news/what-is-the-difference-between-blockchain-and-dlt
https://www.corda.net/blog/corda-top-ten-facts-7-both-a-blockchain-and-not-a-blockchain/
To keep the record immutable, Hyperledger Fabric uses blockchain structure. So by using Hyperledger Fabric, you can get an immutable record of all the transactions which is tough to temper with fraudulent activities.
Suppose you buy an valuable asset and you are the current owner of that asset. Now it is very hard for others to temper that records or change your ownership without your permission as Hyperledger Fabric uses blockchain structure to keep the record immutable.
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I'm not clear about Hyperledger. Please help!
What is Hyperledger?
What is Hyperledger Composer?
What is Hyperledger Fabric?
What is Hyperledger Fabric SDK GO?
What is consensus algorithm use in Hyperledger?
And Hyperledger have a miner or not?
Ans 1: Hyperledger is not: Not a company. Not a cryptocurrency. Not a blockchain. Hyperledger is rather something like a hub for open industrial blockchain development.
Further explanation you can follow this: https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-hyperledger/
Ans 2: Hyperledger Composer is a set of collaboration tools for building blockchain business networks that make it simple and fast for business owners and developers to create smart contracts and blockchain applications to solve business problems.
Further explanation: https://www.hyperledger.org/projects/composer
Ans 3: Hyperledger Fabric is a business blockchain framework hosted by the Linux Foundation intended as a foundation for developing blockchain applications or solutions with a modular architecture. Hyperledger Fabric allows components such as consensus and membership services to be plug-and-play.
Further explanation: https://www.ibm.com/blockchain/hyperledger.html and https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/release/
Ans 4: See this to know better about Fabric SDK GO: https://wiki.hyperledger.org/projects/fabric-sdk-go
Ans 5: See this to know better about consensus algorithm. https://www.hyperledger.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Hyperledger_Arch_WG_Paper_1_Consensus.pdf
Ans 6: No miner needed in Hyperledger. Ordering service done this.
Also the primary difference between Hyperledger and other Blockchain networks such as Ethereum is that it is permissioned and it targets enterprise use cases, which operate on a certain degree of trust (partial trust) under a governance model dictated by the underlying consortium. Since the participants are not completely anonymous, the need of having a full BFT consensus implementation such as PoW can be eliminated. This in turn improves the network performance as well as makes it more scalable.
What is hyperledger ?
It is neither crypto currency nor a blockchain network or a a company .it’s kinda open source initiative hosted by Linux foundation supported by global leaders such as intel and IBM to advance blockchain technologies.
What is hyperldger fabric?
Hyperldeger has lot of umbrella projects under it .hyperledger fabric is one such project led by IBM .
Hypeldger fabric provides a platform to develop high scale blockchain applications with flexible amount of permissions .hyperledger universe has 4 other frameworks namely Iroha, Sawtooth, Indy, and Burrow.
what is hyperledger composer ?
hyperledger fabric is a hyperledger framework while composer is a hyperledger module.I suggest you start with hyperledger composer since it offers many benefits such as
Faster creation of blockchain apps, eliminating the big effort required to build blockchain applications from scratch
it is well-tested therefore less risk involved, easier to understand and align with different domains
Greater flexibility as the higher-level abstractions make it far simpler to iterate.
further hyperledger composer is written in javascript.Composer provides you a bunch of easy-to-use components that you can quickly learn and implement.
hyperledger fabric takes you a layer lower. if you wanna start learning about blockchain architecture and underlying processes go ahead with fabric.
What is consensus algorithm use in Hyperledger?
consensus mechanism in hyperledger is called "proof of authority"
And Hyperledger have a miner or not?
hyperledger does not have miners or any mining. mining is necessary when consensus mechanism of the network is "proof of work" .in hyperledger consensus mechanism is "proof of authority"
checkout my article .everything you have asked is explained in detail here
https://medium.com/#fnote/curious-case-of-hyperledger-fabric-ce0292906187
Hyperledger is an umbrella organization under The Linux Foundation that supports multiple blockchain technologies. See the chart here: https://www.hyperledger.org/
All Hyperledger projects are open source under the Apache 2 license, although many were originally developed by a contributing organization.
Hyperledger Burrow implements an Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)
Hyperledger Sawtooth is Intel's blockchain technology (and includes an EVM using Hyperledger Burrow
Hyperledger Fabric is IBM's blockchain technology (explained above)
Hyperledger Indy is a blockchain specifically focused on identity
Hyperleder Iroha is a blockchain focused on Mobile apps and is developed in Japan
Hyperledger Besu is an open source Ethereum client