How can I split URL with htaccess by "?" - .htaccess

Question

For example:
ex.com/read?id=1
should open
ex.com/route.php?action=read&id=1
but url won`t changing.

Answer 1

Try this :
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,}\s(.*)\?id=(.+)\sHTTP.*$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /route.php?action=$1&id=%2 [QSD,R=301,L,NE]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^action=(.*)&id=(.*)$
RewriteRule ^ /%1?id=%2 [QSD,L,NE]
First I match request that contains query string id=whatever then redirect it with new query string.
Then I match new URI which contains new query string action=whatever&id=whatever and redirect it internally to same original path.
QSD flag is is available in Apache version 2.4.0 and later https://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/rewrite/flags.html , I added to discard previous query string and prevent it to be appended.
Clear browser cache then test these rules .
UPDATE:
As per your comment , you want to open /route.php?action=read&id=1 internally while /read?id=1 in browser so , you could do what starkeen answered , but with specific query string and general URI it should look like this :
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^id=(.*)$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /route.php?action=$1 [QSA,L]
So if query string is existing and strat with id=whatever , /abc?id=123 will get internally from /route.php?action=abc&id=123 and the previous query string will be appending with new one

Answer 2

You can use the following RewriteRule in your /.htaccess :
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^read/?$ /route.php?action=root [QSA,L]
This will rewrite /read?id=1 to /route.php?action=read&id=1 . You do not read to write &id=1 in the Rule's destination as QSA automatically adds it to the Rewrite destination.