In the middle of some process I have a pause with countdown (for loop with time.sleep(1) inside). I'd like to be able to break it with keyboard to be able to continue earlier than countdown got finished.
Is it possible with python3 (cross-platform without Linux root access)? Can I get some information about key pressed in this case ?
Related to this question: Use getch in while (1) python
Solution: use kbhit() and getch(): https://docs.python.org/3.10/library/msvcrt.html#console-i-o
Working example:
import msvcrt
from time import sleep
def a():
for n in range(10):
if msvcrt.kbhit():
return msvcrt.getch()
sleep(1)
Note that it has a reaction delay of up to 1 second
Here is my "cross-platform" very simplified solution.
def my_sleep(wait_sec):
current_platform = platform.system()
if current_platform == "Windows":
import msvcrt
elif current_platform == "Linux":
import termios
from select import select
# save the terminal settings
fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
new_term = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
old_term = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
# switch to normal terminal
def set_normal_term():
termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSAFLUSH, old_term)
# switch to unbuffered terminal
def set_curses_term():
termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSAFLUSH, new_term)
def kbhit():
dr, dw, de = select([sys.stdin], [], [], 0)
return dr != []
set_curses_term()
# new terminal setting unbuffered
new_term[3] = (new_term[3] & ~termios.ICANON & ~termios.ECHO)
set_curses_term()
for sec_left in range(wait_sec, 0, -1):
if current_platform == 'Windows':
if msvcrt.kbhit():
# print(f':: {msvcrt.getch()}')
break
elif current_platform == 'Linux':
if kbhit():
ch = sys.stdin.read(1)
# print(f':: {ch}')
break
print(sec_left)
time.sleep(1)
if current_platform == "Linux":
set_normal_term()
When using my code bellow (It turns YouTube videos into ASCII with audio) The latency between the audio and video grows bigger each frame (I have tried many different wait times) I was wondering if there is a way to change the code to make it so the wait key changes depending on how much latency there is. I have only been coding for 6 months so sorry if there is any bad code.
import pytube
import os
import cv2
import PIL.Image
import winsound
from moviepy.editor import *
from pydub import AudioSegment
import threading
import time
##################################################
# downloads the youtube video and lets you input the path for where it should be saved
url = input ("Enter the you youtube url: \n\n")
path = input ("Enter the path where you want the youtube video to be saved: \n\n")
try:
youtube = pytube.YouTube(url)
streams = youtube.streams.all()
video = youtube.streams.get_highest_resolution()
video.download(path)
print ("Done!")
except:
print ("\nYoutube video has coppy righted material so it can not be downloaded. Try again with a different video")
##################################################
#locates all the files with the file extension .mp4
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
for file in files:
if file.endswith(".mp4"):
file_name = (file)
file_path = (os.path.join(root,file))
print (file_name)
print (file_path)
##################################################
mp3_file = (path+"\\")
mp3_file = (mp3_file+"audio.mp3")
mp4_file = (path+"\\")
mp4_file = (mp4_file+file_name)
VideoClip = VideoFileClip(mp4_file)
audioclip = VideoClip.audio
audioclip.write_audiofile(mp3_file)
audioclip.close()
VideoClip.close()
sound = AudioSegment.from_mp3(mp3_file)
sound.export(path+"/audio.wav", format = "wav")
##################################################
def a():
# Ascii characters used to create the output
ASCII_CHARS = ["#", "#", "S", "%", "?", "*", "+", ";", ":", ",", "."]
def resized_gray_image(image ,new_width=80):
width,height = image.size
aspect_ratio = height/width
new_height = int(aspect_ratio * new_width)
resized_gray_image = image.resize((new_width,new_height)).convert('L')
return resized_gray_image
def pix2chars(image):
pixels = image.getdata()
characters = "".join([ASCII_CHARS[pixel//25] for pixel in pixels])
return characters
def generate_frame(image,new_width=80):
new_image_data = pix2chars(resized_gray_image(image))
total_pixels = len(new_image_data)
ascii_image = "\n".join([new_image_data[index:(index+new_width)] for index in range(0, total_pixels, new_width)])
sys.stdout.write(ascii_image)
os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(mp4_file)
print (cap)
try:
while True:
ret,frame = cap.read()
cv2.imshow("frame",frame)
generate_frame(PIL.Image.fromarray(frame))
cv2.waitKey(1)
except:
threading.Thread(target=c).start()
##################################################
def b():
winsound.PlaySound(path+"/audio.wav",winsound.SND_FILENAME)
##################################################
def c ():
os.remove (mp3_file)
os.remove (mp4_file)
os.remove (path+"/audio.wav")
threading.Thread(target=a).start()
threading.Thread(target=b).start()
I am trying to create a doorbell with a raspberry pi zero. When I press the button it will send a picture to telegram. The module works but, after a few pressed the button the module crash.
and see an error in terminal:
* Error in `python3': double free or corruption (out): 0x01f306e8 *
or I get this error:
python3: malloc.c:2406: sysmalloc: Assertion `(old_top == initial_top
(av) && old_size == 0) || ((unsigned long) (old_size) >= MINSIZE &&
prev_inuse (old_top) && ((unsigned long) old_end & (pagesize - 1)) ==
0)' failed.
I hope somebody know how to fix the problem
thanks alot!
python
import time
import random
import datetime
import telepot
from telepot.loop import MessageLoop
from picamera import PiCamera
import pygame
from settings import getstring
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
camera = PiCamera()
bot = telepot.Bot('TOKEN')
ring = 'tones/doorbell.mp3'
pin = 22
pressed = 0
pygame.mixer.init()
pygame.mixer.music.load(ring)
def sendpic(chat_id):
camera.resolution = (1024, 768)
camera.capture('snapshots/test.jpg')
photo = open('snapshots/test.jpg', 'rb')
bot.sendPhoto(chat_id, photo)
def handle(msg):
chat_id = msg['chat']['id']
command = msg['text']
print('Got command: %s' % command)
if command == '/roll':
bot.sendMessage(chat_id, random.randint(1,6))
elif command == '/time':
bot.sendMessage(chat_id, str(datetime.datetime.now()))
pygame.mixer.music.play()
sendpic(chat_id)
MessageLoop(bot, handle).run_as_thread()
print('I am listening ...')
# Define GPIO -pins as standard
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
# Define pin X as input and enable internal resistors
GPIO.setup(pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
# function for button press
while True:
input_state = GPIO.input(pin)
if input_state == False:
pressed = 1
else:
if pressed == 1:
print('Someone at the door.')
pygame.mixer.music.play()
pressed = 0
while 1:
time.sleep(10)
I am creating a python script that will identify changes to a log file and print some data from the new logs.
I use watchdog to create an event handler and everything seems to work fine except from that, I get duplicate events every time I modify the file. I checked creation and delete, they both work as expected and trigger one time.
I have read the similar question which explains having a created and a modified event when I save a file but this is not my case. I just get two modification events.
Here is my code:
import os, sys, time
import subprocess
import threading
import win32print
from tkinter import filedialog
from tkinter import *
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler
class Handler(FileSystemEventHandler):
# docstring for FileSystemEventHandler
def __init__(self, observer, filename, dirname):
# super(Handler, FileSystemEventHandler).__init__(self,)
self.observer = observer
self.filename = filename
self.dirname = dirname
print("Handler filename = " , self.filename)
print("Handler dirname = " , self.dirname)
def on_modified(self, event):
if self.filename == event.src_path:
print("The file was modified")
print (event.src_path)
# go get the last line and print the data
# try:
# hJob = win32print.StartDocPrinter (hPrinter, 1, ("test of raw data", None, "RAW"))
# try:
# win32print.StartPagePrinter (hPrinter)
# win32print.WritePrinter (hPrinter, raw_data)
# win32print.EndPagePrinter (hPrinter)
# finally:
# win32print.EndDocPrinter (hPrinter)
# finally:
# win32print.ClosePrinter (hPrinter)
def on_created(self, event):
print("A file was created (", event.src_path, ")")
def on_deleted(self, event):
print("A file was deleted (", event.src_path, ")")
if __name__ == "__main__":
Flags=2
Name=None
Level=1
printers = win32print.EnumPrinters(Flags, Name, Level)
print("\nChoose a printer to use:")
i=1
for p in printers:
print(i,')' , p[2])
i = i+1
if sys.version_info >= (3,):
raw_data = bytes ("This is a test", "utf-8")
else:
raw_data = "This is a test"
printer = int(input())
printer_name = printers[printer-1][2] #win32print.GetDefaultPrinter ()
print("You chose ", printer_name, "\nI will now print from the specified file with this printer")
hPrinter = win32print.OpenPrinter (printer_name)
# root = Tk()
# root.filename = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir = "/Desktop",title = "Select file",filetypes = (("log files","*.log"),("all files","*.*")))
file_path = "some_file_path" # root.filename
file_directory = os.path.dirname(file_path)
# print (file_path)
print (file_directory)
observer = Observer()
event_handler = Handler(observer, file_path, file_directory)
observer.schedule(event_handler, path=file_directory, recursive=False)
observer.start()
observer.join()
any ideas would be appreciated
EDIT:
After some debugging I found out that Windows10 is changing the file modification time twice every time I save it.
The proof of concept code is this:
prev_modification_time = os.path.getmtime(file_path)
while True:
current_mod_time = os.path.getmtime(file_path)
if prev_modification_time != current_mod_time :
print ("the file was modified, last modification time is: ", current_mod_time)
prev_modification_time = current_mod_time
pass
Final edit:
After testing my code on linux (Debian Stretch to be exact) it worked like a charm. So this combined with the previous edit probably shows that watchdog works fine and it is windows10 that has some issue. Should I post it on a different question or here?
I tried pygame for playing wav file like this:
import pygame
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.music.load("mysound.wav")
pygame.mixer.music.play()
pygame.event.wait()
but It change the voice and I don't know why!
I read this link solutions and can't solve my problem with playing wave file!
for this solution I dont know what should I import?
s = Sound()
s.read('sound.wav')
s.play()
and for this solution /dev/dsp dosen't exist in new version of linux :
from wave import open as waveOpen
from ossaudiodev import open as ossOpen
s = waveOpen('tada.wav','rb')
(nc,sw,fr,nf,comptype, compname) = s.getparams( )
dsp = ossOpen('/dev/dsp','w')
try:
from ossaudiodev import AFMT_S16_NE
except ImportError:
if byteorder == "little":
AFMT_S16_NE = ossaudiodev.AFMT_S16_LE
else:
AFMT_S16_NE = ossaudiodev.AFMT_S16_BE
dsp.setparameters(AFMT_S16_NE, nc, fr)
data = s.readframes(nf)
s.close()
dsp.write(data)
dsp.close()
and when I tried pyglet It give me this error:
import pyglet
music = pyglet.resource.media('mysound.wav')
music.play()
pyglet.app.run()
--------------------------
nima#ca005 Desktop]$ python play.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "play.py", line 4, in <module>
music = pyglet.resource.media('mysound.wav')
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyglet/resource.py", line 587, in media
return media.load(path, streaming=streaming)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyglet/media/__init__.py", line 1386, in load
source = _source_class(filename, file)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyglet/media/riff.py", line 194, in __init__
format = wave_form.get_format_chunk()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyglet/media/riff.py", line 174, in get_format_chunk
for chunk in self.get_chunks():
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyglet/media/riff.py", line 110, in get_chunks
chunk = cls(self.file, name, length, offset)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyglet/media/riff.py", line 155, in __init__
raise RIFFFormatException('Size of format chunk is incorrect.')
pyglet.media.riff.RIFFFormatException: Size of format chunk is incorrect.
AL lib: ReleaseALC: 1 device not closed
You can use PyAudio. An example here on my Linux it works:
#!usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import pyaudio
import wave
#define stream chunk
chunk = 1024
#open a wav format music
f = wave.open(r"/usr/share/sounds/alsa/Rear_Center.wav","rb")
#instantiate PyAudio
p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
#open stream
stream = p.open(format = p.get_format_from_width(f.getsampwidth()),
channels = f.getnchannels(),
rate = f.getframerate(),
output = True)
#read data
data = f.readframes(chunk)
#play stream
while data:
stream.write(data)
data = f.readframes(chunk)
#stop stream
stream.stop_stream()
stream.close()
#close PyAudio
p.terminate()
Works for me on Windows:
https://pypi.org/project/playsound/
>>> from playsound import playsound
>>> playsound('/path/to/a/sound/file/you/want/to/play.wav')
NOTE: This has a bug in Windows where it doesn't close the stream.
I've added a PR for a fix here:
https://github.com/TaylorSMarks/playsound/pull/53/commits/53240d970aef483b38fc6d364a0ae0ad6f8bf9a0
The reason pygame changes your audio is mixer defaults to a 22k sample rate:
initialize the mixer module
pygame.mixer.init(frequency=22050, size=-16, channels=2, buffer=4096): return None
Your wav is probably 8k. So when pygame plays it, it plays roughly twice as fast. So specify your wav frequency in the init.
Pyglet has some problems correctly reading RIFF headers. If you have a very basic wav file (with exactly a 16 byte fmt block) with no other information in the fmt chunk (like 'fact' data), it works. But it makes no provision for additional data in the chunks, so it's really not adhering to the RIFF interface specification.
PyGame has 2 different modules for playing sound and music, the pygame.mixer module and the pygame.mixer.music module. This module contains classes for loading Sound objects and controlling playback. The difference is explained in the documentation:
The difference between the music playback and regular Sound playback is that the music is streamed, and never actually loaded all at once. The mixer system only supports a single music stream at once.
If you want to play a single wav file, you have to initialize the module and create a pygame.mixer.Sound() object from the file. Invoke play() to start playing the file. Finally, you have to wait for the file to play.
Use get_length() to get the length of the sound in seconds and wait for the sound to finish:
(The argument to pygame.time.wait() is in milliseconds)
import pygame
pygame.mixer.init()
my_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound('mysound.wav')
my_sound.play()
pygame.time.wait(int(my_sound.get_length() * 1000))
Alternatively you can use pygame.mixer.get_busy to test if a sound is being mixed. Query the status of the mixer continuously in a loop:
import pygame
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
my_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound('mysound.wav')
my_sound.play()
while pygame.mixer.get_busy():
pygame.time.delay(10)
pygame.event.poll()
Windows
winsound
If you are a Windows user,the easiest way is to use winsound.You don't even need to install it.
Not recommended, too few functions
import winsound
winsound.PlaySound("Wet Hands.wav", winsound.SND_FILENAME)
# add winsound.SND_ASYNC flag if you want to wait for it.
# like winsound.PlaySound("Wet Hands.wav", winsound.SND_FILENAME | winsound.SND_ASYNC)
mp3play
If you are looking for more advanced functions, you can try mp3play.
Unluckily,mp3play is only available in Python2 and Windows.
If you want to use it on other platforms,use playsound despite its poor functions.If you want to use it in Python3,I will give you the modified version which is available on Python 3.(at the bottom of the answer)
Also,mp3play is really good at playing wave files, and it gives you more choices.
import time
import mp3play
music = mp3play.load("Wet Hands.wav")
music.play()
time.sleep(music.seconds())
Cross-platform
playsound
Playsound is very easy to use,but it is not recommended because you can't pause or get some infomation of the music, and errors often occurs.Unless other ways doesn't work at all, you may try this.
import playsound
playsound.playsound("Wet Hands.wav", block=True)
pygame
I'm using this code and it works on Ubuntu 22.04 after my test.
If it doesn't work on your machine, consider updating your pygame lib.
import pygame
pygame.mixer.init()
pygame.mixer.music.load("Wet Hands.wav")
pygame.mixer.music.play()
while pygame.mixer.music.get_busy():
pass
pyglet
This works on Windows but it doesn't work on my Ubuntu, so I can do nothing.
import pyglet
import time
sound = pyglet.media.load("Wet Hands.wav", "Wet Hands.wav")
sound.play()
time.sleep(sound.duration)
Conclusion
It seems that you are using Linux,so playsound may be your choice.My code maybe cannot solve your problem by using pygame and pyglet,because I always use Windows.If none of the solutions work on your machine,I suggest you run the program on Windows...
To other users seeing my answer, I have done many tests among many libraries,so if you are using Windows,you may try mp3play which can play both mp3 and wave files, and mp3play is the most pythonic, easy, light-weight and functional library.
mp3play in Python3
just copy the code below and create a file named mp3play.py in your working directory and paste the content.
import random
from ctypes import windll, c_buffer
class _mci:
def __init__(self):
self.w32mci = windll.winmm.mciSendStringA
self.w32mcierror = windll.winmm.mciGetErrorStringA
def send(self, command):
buffer = c_buffer(255)
command = command.encode(encoding="utf-8")
errorcode = self.w32mci(command, buffer, 254, 0)
if errorcode:
return errorcode, self.get_error(errorcode)
else:
return errorcode, buffer.value
def get_error(self, error):
error = int(error)
buffer = c_buffer(255)
self.w32mcierror(error, buffer, 254)
return buffer.value
def directsend(self, txt):
(err, buf) = self.send(txt)
# if err != 0:
# print('Error %s for "%s": %s' % (str(err), txt, buf))
return err, buf
class _AudioClip(object):
def __init__(self, filename):
filename = filename.replace('/', '\\')
self.filename = filename
self._alias = 'mp3_%s' % str(random.random())
self._mci = _mci()
self._mci.directsend(r'open "%s" alias %s' % (filename, self._alias))
self._mci.directsend('set %s time format milliseconds' % self._alias)
err, buf = self._mci.directsend('status %s length' % self._alias)
self._length_ms = int(buf)
def volume(self, level):
"""Sets the volume between 0 and 100."""
self._mci.directsend('setaudio %s volume to %d' %
(self._alias, level * 10))
def play(self, start_ms=None, end_ms=None):
start_ms = 0 if not start_ms else start_ms
end_ms = self.milliseconds() if not end_ms else end_ms
err, buf = self._mci.directsend('play %s from %d to %d'
% (self._alias, start_ms, end_ms))
def isplaying(self):
return self._mode() == 'playing'
def _mode(self):
err, buf = self._mci.directsend('status %s mode' % self._alias)
return buf
def pause(self):
self._mci.directsend('pause %s' % self._alias)
def unpause(self):
self._mci.directsend('resume %s' % self._alias)
def ispaused(self):
return self._mode() == 'paused'
def stop(self):
self._mci.directsend('stop %s' % self._alias)
self._mci.directsend('seek %s to start' % self._alias)
def milliseconds(self):
return self._length_ms
def __del__(self):
self._mci.directsend('close %s' % self._alias)
_PlatformSpecificAudioClip = _AudioClip
class AudioClip(object):
__slots__ = ['_clip']
def __init__(self, filename):
self._clip = _PlatformSpecificAudioClip(filename)
def play(self, start_ms=None, end_ms=None):
if end_ms is not None and end_ms < start_ms:
return
else:
return self._clip.play(start_ms, end_ms)
def volume(self, level):
assert 0 <= level <= 100
return self._clip.volume(level)
def isplaying(self):
return self._clip.isplaying()
def pause(self):
return self._clip.pause()
def unpause(self):
return self._clip.unpause()
def ispaused(self):
return self._clip.ispaused()
def stop(self):
return self._clip.stop()
def seconds(self):
return int(round(float(self.milliseconds()) / 1000))
def milliseconds(self):
return self._clip.milliseconds()
def load(filename):
"""Return an AudioClip for the given filename."""
return AudioClip(filename)