Kindly help me write a simple python program that takes the two roots of a quadratics equation as functions and returns the complete quadratics equation..Sort of reversing the quadratics equation
So, you're given two roots, let's call them a and b.
The math is as follows:
y = (x - a)(x - b)
y = x^2 - (a + b)x + ab
(Note that the right side of the equation can be multiplied by an arbitrary number. There is no way to determine what that number is with the given information.)
Try implementing that and come back here with any questions related to your own code.
Related
I have some float numbers like:
586.3212341231,-847.3829941845
I want to use sigmoid function to make the floats in a range of [1,-1] for example :
0.842931342,-0.481238571
Any thoughts about it?
I tried scipy but it gives me wrong outcomes.
There are many such functions: see this Wikipedia link for examples. The graphic there in particular gives examples resulting in your desired range, though the endpoints 1 and -1 are not obtainable for finite values of the parameter x.
The simplest function there is
x / (1 + abs(x))
If you really want your first two sample float numbers to be mapped to your second two float numbers, you can tune your function to be
(a + x) / (b + abs(x))
for particular values of a and b. For two desired values of x and f(x) you can find a and b by solving two simultaneous linear equations. I used sympy to get the following for your sample values:
a = 246.362120860444
b = 401.521207478205
So your final resulting function is
(246.362120860444 + x) / (401.521207478205 + abs(x))
I tested this and it gives just the values you want. Here are two plots showing that this gives your desired range (-1, 1). The first one shows your two points best.
It's been nearly 30 years since I took an Algebra class and I am struggling with some of the concepts in Haskell as I work through Learn you a Haskell. The concept that I am working on now is "recursion". I have watched several youtube videos on the subject and found a site with the arithmetic sequence problem: an = 8 + 3(an-1) which I understand to be an = an-1 + 3 This is what I have in Haskell.
addThree :: (Integral a) => a -> a
addThree 1 = 8
addThree n = (n-1) + 3
Running the script yields:
addThree 1
8
addThree 2
4
addThree 3
6
I am able to solve this and similar recursions on paper, (after polishing much rust), but do not understand the syntax in Haskell.
My Question How do I define the base and the function in Haskell as per my example?
If this is not the place for such questions, kindly direct me to where I should post. I see there are Stack Exchanges for Super User, Programmers, and Mathematics, but not sure which of the Stack family best fits my question.
First a word on Algebra and you problem: I think you are slightly wrong - if we write 3x it usually means 3*x (Mathematicans are even more lazy then programmers) so your series indeed should look like an = 8 + 3*an-1 IMO
Then an is the n-th element in a series of a's: a0, a1, a2, a3, ... that's why you there is a big difference between (n-1) and addThree (n-1) as the last one would designate an-1 while the first one would just be a number not really connected to your series.
Ok, let's have a look at your series an = 8 + 3an-1 (this is how I would understand it - because otherwise you would have x=8+3*x and therefore just x = -4:
you can choose a0 - let's say it`s 0 (as you did?)
then a1=8+3*0 = 8
a2=8+3*8 = 4*8 = 32
a3=8+3*32 = 8+3*32 = 104
...
ok let's say you want to use recursion than the problem directly translates into Haskell:
a :: Integer -> Integer
a 0 = 0
a n = 8 + 3 * a (n-1)
series :: [Integer]
series = map a [0..]
giving you (for the first 5 elements):
λ> take 5 series
[0,8,32,104,320]
Please note that this is a very bad performing way to do it - as the recursive call in a really does the same work over and over again.
A technical way to solve this is to observe that you only need the previous element to get the next one and use Data.List.unfoldr:
series :: [Integer]
series = unfoldr (\ prev -> Just (prev, 8 + 3 * prev)) 0
now of course you can get a lot more fancier with Haskell - for example you can define the series as it is (using Haskells laziness):
series :: [Integer]
series = 0 : map (\ prev -> 8 + 3 * prev) series
and I am sure there are much more ways out there to do it but I hope this will help you along a bit
Taxicab number is defined as a positive integer that can be expressed as a sum of two cubes in at least two different ways.
1729=1^3+12^3=9^3+10^3
I wrote this code to produce a taxicab number which on running would give the nth smallest taxicab number:
taxicab :: Int -> Int
taxicab n = [(cube a + cube b)
| a <- [1..100],
b <- [(a+1)..100],
c <- [(a+1)..100],
d <- [(c+1)..100],
(cube a + cube b) == (cube c + cube d)]!!(n-1)
cube x = x * x * x
But the output I get is not what I expected.For the numbers one to three the code produces correct output but taxicab 4 produces 39312 instead of 20683.Another strange thing is that 39312 is originally the 6th smallest taxicab number-not fourth!
So why is this happening? Where is the flaw in my code?
I think you mistakenly believe that your list contains the taxicab numbers in an increasing order. This is the actual content of your list:
[1729,4104,13832,39312,704977,46683,216027,32832,110656,314496,
216125,439101,110808,373464,593047,149389,262656,885248,40033,
195841,20683,513000,805688,65728,134379,886464,515375,64232,171288,
443889,320264,165464,920673,842751,525824,955016,994688,327763,
558441,513856,984067,402597,1016496,1009736,684019]
Recall that a list comprehension such as [(a,b) | a<-[1..100],b<-[1..100]] will generate its pairs as follows:
[(1,1),...,(1,100),(2,1),...,(2,100),...,...,(100,100)]
Note that when a gets to its next value, b is restarted from 1. In your code, suppose you just found a taxicab number of the form a^3+b^3, and then no larger b gives you a taxicab. In such case the next value of a is tried. We might find a taxicab of the form (a+1)^3+b'^3 but there is no guarantee that this number will be larger, since b' is any number in [a+2..100], and can be smaller than b. This can also happen with larger values of a: when a increases, there's no guarantee its related taxicabs are larger than what we found before.
Also note that, for the same reason, an hypotetical taxicab of the form 101^3+b^3 could be smaller than the taxicabs you have on your list, but it does not occur there.
Finally, note that you function is quite inefficient, since every time you call taxicab n you recompute all the first n taxicab values.
I have a class implementing an audio stream that can be read at varying speed (including reverse and fast varying / "scratching")... I use linear interpolation for the read part and everything works quite decently..
But now I want to implement writing to the stream at varying speed as well and that requires me to implement a kind of "reverse interpolation" i.e. Deduce the input sample vector Z that, interpolated with vector Y will produce the output X (which I'm trying to write)..
I've managed to do it for constant speeds, but generalising for varying speeds (e.g accelerating or decelerating) is proving more complicated..
I imagine this problem has been solved repeatedly, but I can't seem to find many clues online, so my specific question is if anyone has heard of this problem and can point me in the right direction (or, even better, show me a solution :)
Thanks!
I would not call it "reverse interpolation" as that does not exists (my first thought was you were talking about extrapolation!). What you are doing is still simply interpolation, just at an uneven rate.
Interpolation: finding a value between known values
Extrapolation: finding a value beyond known values
Interpolating to/from constant rates is indeed much much simpler than the generic quest of "finding a value between known values". I propose 2 solutions.
1) Interpolate to a significantly higher rate, and then just sub-sample to the nearest one (try adding dithering)
2) Solve the generic problem: for each point you need to use the neighboring N points and fit a order N-1 polynomial to them.
N=2 would be linear and would add overtones (C0 continuity)
N=3 could leave you with step changes at the halfway point between your source samples (perhaps worse overtones than N=2!)
N=4 will get you C1 continuity (slope will match as you change to the next sample), surely enough for your application.
Let me explain that last one.
For each output sample use the 2 previous and 2 following input samples. Call them S0 to S3 on a unit time scale (multiply by your sample period later), and you are interpolating from time 0 to 1. Y is your output and Y' is the slope.
Y will be calculated from this polynomial and its differential (slope)
Y(t) = At^3 + Bt^2 + Ct + D
Y'(t) = 3At^2 + 2Bt + C
The constraints (the values and slope at the endpoints on either side)
Y(0) = S1
Y'(0) = (S2-S0)/2
Y(1) = S2
Y'(1) = (S3-S1)/2
Expanding the polynomial
Y(0) = D
Y'(0) = C
Y(1) = A+B+C+D
Y'(1) = 3A+2B+C
Plugging in the Samples
D = S1
C = (S2-S0)/2
A + B = S2 - C - D
3A+2B = (S3-S1)/2 - C
The last 2 are a system of equations that are easily solvable. Subtract 2x the first from the second.
3A+2B - 2(A+B)= (S3-S1)/2 - C - 2(S2 - C - D)
A = (S3-S1)/2 + C - 2(S2 - D)
Then B is
B = S2 - A - C - D
Once you have A, B, C and D you can put in an time 't' in the polynomial to find a sample value between your known samples.
Repeat for every output sample, reuse A,B,C&D if the next output sample is still between the same 2 input samples. Calculating t each time is similar to Bresenham's line algorithm, you're just advancing by a different amount each time.
I am trying to write a function in Haskell to generate triangular number, I am not allowed to use recursion, I am supposed to use iteration
here is my code ...
triSeries 0 = [0]
triSeries n = take n $iterate (\x->(0+x)) 1
I know that my function after iterate is wrong .
But It has been hours looking for a function, any hint please?
Start by writing out some triangular numbers
T(1) = 1
T(2) = 1 + 2
T(3) = 1 + 2 + 3
An iterative process to generate T(n) is to start from [1..n], take the first element of the list, and add it to a running total. In a language with mutable state, you might write:
def tri(n):
sum = 0
for x in [1..n]:
sum += x
return sum
In Haskell, you can iteratively consume a list of numbers and accumulate state via a fold function (foldl, foldr, or some variant). Hopefully that's enough to get started with.
Maybe wikipedia could be a hint, where something like
triangular :: Int -> Int
triangular x = x * (x + 1) `div` 2
could be got from.
triSeries could be something like
triSeries :: Int -> [Int]
triSeries x = map triangular [1..x]
and works like that
> triSeries 10
[1,3,6,10,15,21,28,36,45,55]
Talking about iterate. Maybe there is some way to use it here, but as John said, foldl would be sufficient. Take a look at this page, what are you looking is in the very beginning.
It is not clear what is meant by "recursion is not allowed, use iteration". All functions that appear to be "iterative" are recursive inside.
iterate in all your uses can only modify the input with a constant, and iterate (+1) 1 is the same as [1..]. Consider using a Data.List function that can combine a number from infinite range [1..] and the previously computed sum to produce a infinite list of such sums:
T_i=i+T_{i-1}
This is definitely cheaper than x*(x+1) div 2
Consider using a Data.List function that can produce an infinite list of finite lists of sums from a infinite list of sums. This is going to be cheaper than computing a list of 10, then a list of 11 repeating the same computation done for the list of 10, etc.