in my use case I have devices listening on a custom iac: e.g. 0x9e8b32 for security reasons.
I am able to find them via hcitool scan --iac=0x9e8b32.
But in my application I use the Bluez DBus API.
So is there a way to set the IAC before setting the Adapter into Discovery mode?
$ bluetoothd --version
5.43
Related
I'm running some of the Python example code from Bluez using the DBUS interface. I am on Fedora 28, Bluez 5.50. The device I am trying to connect to is a dual-mode Microchip BM78. Both the sample code and bluetoothctl will discover the device, show both the LE and BDEDR services, but neither detect the the GATT characterstics once services are resolved. The GATT characteristics are not resolved, even after the device is paired, trusted and/or connected.
The Bluez DBUS API seems to require that the characterists are first discovered before any attempt to read or write is possible.
I can connect to the device using non-DBUS APIs and access the characteristics just fine.
Is there some way to force characteristic discovery once a service is resolved? Or some way to connect to a known characteristic that has not be discovered using the DBUS interface?
I need to change the Secure Simple Pairing mode programmatically, but I can't figure out how to set SSP mode on or off in Bluez using a DBus command.
Using btmgmt utility, I just do:
btmgmt ssp off
btmgmt ssp on
Ok, but what I need is rather DBus method calls that I can include in my application.
But the Bluez documentation doesn't seem to mention any DBus method to change the SSP mode.
Does anyone know how to do that? (a gdbus call or dbus-send example would be just great).
Or is this just impossible?
There is no way you can do this using DBus. Bluez has no DBus API for this. You need to either use Bluetooth Management socket interface to toggle SSP mode or you can do this using bluez deprecated HCI interface.
To know how to use Bluetooth Management sockets see bluez-5-X/doc/mgmt-api.txt file in bluez-5.X source directory. Command code to toggle SSP is 0x000B. Actually, this is how btmgmt tool enables/disables SSP. It uses Bluetooth Management socket. Search keyword ssp in bluez-5.X/tools/btmgmt.c and see the sample C code.
You can also do this using deprecated hci API (not recommended). See hci_write_simple_pairing_mode method in bluez-5-X/lib/hci.c.
I'm trying to turn raspberry pi into wireless media center which is controlled by mobile devices via bluetooth. Because i want to get advanced level in bluetooth application programming i use all d-bus methods of org.bluez service without the help of daemon bluetoothd. So i turn off bluetooth daemon.
update-rc.d bluetooth disable
After that d-bus tells there are no such service like org.bluez. For example i want to get information about bluetooth adapters:
dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.bluez / org.bluez.Manager.ListAdapters
and i get
Error org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.bluez was not provided by any .service files
I can't understand how bluetoothd registers in d-bus. I know (according to d-bus manual) that user has to create special .service file but what bluetooth executable should be used in this file?
I'm working on setting up two Linux systems for a BLE demo. Obviously one system will be the peripheral and one will be the central devices. I have several questions surrounding both of these configurations.
Environment
2x Ubuntu 14.04 systems
2x Pluggable USB-BT4LE dongles (http://plugable.com/products/usb-bt4le)
Peripheral Device Setup
The first order of business is getting the peripheral system setup and advertising with a GATT server configured. At this time, it does not seem possible to configure a GATT server from the command line. So, while it is a simple task bringing a USB dongle up and advertising it, this does not allow the creation of custom services and characteristics. The only example of a GATT server I could find was the gatt-example.c file in the Bluez package. So I downloaded and built the latest bluez-5.23 source. (http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/general/bluez.html). Additionally configured using the --enable-maintainer-mode flag to force build the gatt-example.c plugin into bluetoothd. And I validated post-build from the ~/bluez-5.23/plugins directory that there was a bluetoothd-gat-example.o file. Which tells me that the gatt-example was at least successfully built.
I then modified the configuration file to enable LE and the attribute server.
$ sudo vi /etc/bluetooth/main.conf
EnableLE = true // Enable Low Energy support. Default is false.
AttributeServer = true // Enable the GATT attribute server. Default is false.
Then simply reboot or restart the bluetooth daemon...
Central Device Setup
As the central device does not need any special plugins built like the peripheral, I just installed bluez using apt-get. This appears to have installed v4.101 according to bluetoothd -v.
Session Setup
The connection process then should be fairly simple. I setup the peripheral to advertise and then connect with the central device:
Peripheral:
$ sudo hciconfig hci0 up // Make sure the interface is up
$ sudo hciconfig hci0 leadv // Set the interface to advertise
Central:
$ sudo hcitool -i hci0 lescan // Scan for nearby devices advertising
LE Scan ...
00:02:72:C9:5E:0F (unknown) // Not sure why two of the same MAC are found?
00:02:72:C9:5E:0F (unknown) // but I know this is my device...
$ sudo gatttool -i hci0 -b 00:02:72:C9:5E:0F -m 48 --interactive // Connect interactively
[ ][00:02:72:C9:5E:0F][LE]> connect
[CON][00:02:72:C9:5E:0F][LE]> primary
attr handle: 0x0001, end grp handle: 0x0008 uuid: 00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
attr handle: 0x0010, end grp handle: 0x0010 uuid: 00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CON][00:02:72:C9:5E:0F][LE]> characteristics
handle: 0x0004, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x0006, uuid: 00002a00-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x0007, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x0008, uuid: 00002a01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
And we see not one of the services or characteristics from the gatt-example are available.
Questions
--Peripheral Device
How would I go about creating my own custom GATT server? Can it be a stand-alone C application or does it need to be built into bluetoothd as a plugin like the gatt-example? The answer to this question (Creating a Gatt Server?) implies you do the following: "start by initializing the GATT library and additional modules" and then "register your GATT database". But there isn't a single example of how to implement those generic statements and the link provided is simply a URL to the Bluetooth website.
The GATT specifications (https://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/Pages/default.aspx) provide numerous "adopted" services and characteristics that are downloadable in XML format. But there is no instructions for how to use them?!
How do a validate my GATT server is running?
--Central Device
Why is my central device not seeing the services and characteristics from the GATT server running on the peripheral?
I can provide any additional information necessary. Thanks.
To create a GATT server into a separate process you have (at least) two cases:
Bluez v4.x: your GATT service must be a Bluez plugin
Bluez v5.x: your GATT service should use the new GATT DBus API (but it is recommended to use at least Bluez v5.39 (from April 2016). Otherwise it is safer (in term of Bluez GATT Server API) to use the Bluez v4.x plugin approach.
If your Central Device does not see the newly exported GATT service is probably an issue on the periphal rather than to be an issue on the Central Device.
When you will need to implement the GATT client on the Central Device you still have two cases:
Bluez v4.x: Bluez does not expose the GATT API. Either you use a shell script to launch gatttool commands, or you use a GATT library such as gattlib to interact with the BLE device
Bluez v5.x: Same thing, if you cannot migrate to Bluez v5.39 then it is better to use Bluez v4.x methodology.
I am working on using the Bluetooth low energy modem with Linux. I am using the command line option for that i.e. hcitool . I am able to the find the devices using the command: $ hcitool scan
It is working fine for me, also I am able to broadcast my device using :
sudo hciconfig hci0 leadv
It is also working fine. But I want to add the services and characteristic to the modem device which can be detected by other device. I have tried sdptool add but it is not working for me. Does anyone know how to add the services and characteristics to the peripheral using the command line tools in ubuntu?
Edit: My modem is broadcasting but not able to explore the services and characteristic to the other BLE device. Now I am able to set the name of device using hcio name command
Edit: Now I am able to render the services and characteristic, by simultaneously running sudo hcidump command. But I am not able to track from where I am getting those services and characteristics. One definite observation is those services are rendering from the machine.
SDP is absent in BLE. Broadcast/advertise frame and GATT client/server are used instead.
Several links:
BlueZ gatttool: command line tool to run common GATT procedures
BlueZ GATT's ready profiles
hint: DBUS
GATT and DBUS example
How can I connect to the FitBit Zip over Bluetooth 4.0 LE on Linux with bluez?
Bluetooth Low Energy: listening for notifications/indications in linux
http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.bluez.kernel/29547
I used to broadcast BT services by following this article. This page not only shouws you how to advertise a profile, but also gives you an example on how to implement the HSP profile.
To know the bt class you need to announce, you can check this other page.