How to mutate hash map? [duplicate] - rust

Question

I'd like to do the following:
Lookup a Vec for a certain key, and store it for later use.
If it doesn't exist, create an empty Vec for the key, but still keep it in the variable.
How to do this efficiently? Naturally I thought I could use match:
use std::collections::HashMap;
// This code doesn't compile.
let mut map = HashMap::new();
let key = "foo";
let values: &Vec<isize> = match map.get(key) {
Some(v) => v,
None => {
let default: Vec<isize> = Vec::new();
map.insert(key, default);
&default
}
};
When I tried it, it gave me errors like:
error[E0502]: cannot borrow `map` as mutable because it is also borrowed as immutable
--> src/main.rs:11:13
|
7 | let values: &Vec<isize> = match map.get(key) {
| --- immutable borrow occurs here
...
11 | map.insert(key, default);
| ^^^ mutable borrow occurs here
...
15 | }
| - immutable borrow ends here
I ended up with doing something like this, but I don't like the fact that it performs the lookup twice (map.contains_key and map.get):
// This code does compile.
let mut map = HashMap::new();
let key = "foo";
if !map.contains_key(key) {
let default: Vec<isize> = Vec::new();
map.insert(key, default);
}
let values: &Vec<isize> = match map.get(key) {
Some(v) => v,
None => {
panic!("impossiburu!");
}
};
Is there a safe way to do this with just one match?

Answer 1

The entry API is designed for this. In manual form, it might look like
let values = match map.entry(key) {
Entry::Occupied(o) => o.into_mut(),
Entry::Vacant(v) => v.insert(default),
};
One can use the briefer form via Entry::or_insert_with:
let values = map.entry(key).or_insert_with(|| default);
If default is already computed, or if it's OK/cheap to compute even when it isn't inserted, you can use Entry::or_insert:
let values = map.entry(key).or_insert(default);
If the HashMap's value implements Default, you can use Entry::or_default, although you may need to provide some type hints:
let values = map.entry(key).or_default();

Answer 2

I've used huon's answer and implemented it as a trait:
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::hash::Hash;
pub trait InsertOrGet<K: Eq + Hash, V: Default> {
fn insert_or_get(&mut self, item: K) -> &mut V;
}
impl<K: Eq + Hash, V: Default> InsertOrGet<K, V> for HashMap<K, V> {
fn insert_or_get(&mut self, item: K) -> &mut V {
return match self.entry(item) {
std::collections::hash_map::Entry::Occupied(o) => o.into_mut(),
std::collections::hash_map::Entry::Vacant(v) => v.insert(V::default()),
};
}
}
Then I can do:
use crate::utils::hashmap::InsertOrGet;
let new_or_existing_value: &mut ValueType = my_map.insert_or_get(my_key.clone());