If anybody can give me some hints to point me in the right direction so I can solve it myself that would be great.
I am trying to calculate the total and average income depending on number of employee's. Do I have to make another list or iterate the current list (list1) to solve.
def get_input():
Name = input("Enter a name: ")
Hours = float(input("Enter hours worked: "))
Rate = float(input("Enter hourly rate: "))
return Name, Hours, Rate
def calc_pay(Hours, Rate):
if Hours > 40:
overtime = (40 * Rate) + (Hours - 40) * (Rate * 1.5)
print(list1[0], "should be paid", overtime)
else:
no_overtime = (Hours * Rate)
print(list1[0], "should be paid", no_overtime)
return Hours, Rate
x = int(input("Enter the number of employees: "))
for i in range(x):
list1 = list(get_input())
calc_pay(list1[1], list1[2])
i += 1
If you want to keep track of the total pay for all the employees, you probably need to make two major changes to your code.
The first is to change calc_pay to return the calculated pay amount instead of only printing it (the current return value is pretty useless, since the caller already has those values). You may want to skip printing in the function (since calculating the value and returning it is the function's main job) and let that get done by the caller, if necessary.
The second change is to add the pay values together in your top level code. You could either append the pay values to a list and add them up at the end (with sum), or you could just keep track of a running total and add each employee's pay to it after you compute it.
There are a few other minor things I'd probably change in your code if I was writing it, but they're not problems with its correctness, just style issues.
The first is variable names. Python has a guide, PEP 8 that makes a bunch of suggestions about coding style. It's only an official rule for the Python code that's part of the standard library, but many other Python programmers use it loosely as a baseline style for all Python projects. It recommends using lowercase_names_with_underscores for most variable and function names, and reserving CapitalizedNames for classes. So I'd use name, hours and rate instead of the capitalized versions of those names. I'd also strongly recommend that you use meaningful names instead of generic names like x. Some short names like i and x can be useful in some situations (like coordinates and indexes), but I'd avoid using them for any non-generic purpose. You also don't seem to be using your i variable for anything useful, so it might make sense to rename it _, which suggests that it's not going to be used. I'd use num_employees or something similar instead of x. The name list1 is also bad, but I suggest doing away with that list entirely below. Variable names with numbers in them are often a bad idea. If you're using a lot of numbered names together (e.g. list1, list2, list3, etc.), you probably should be putting your values in a single list instead (a list of lists) instead of the numbered variables. If you just have a few, they should just have more specific names (e.g. employee_data instead of list1).
My second suggestion is about handling the return value from get_input. You can unpack the tuple of values returned by the function into separate variables, rather than putting them into a list. Just put the names separated by commas on the left side of the = operator:
name, hours, rate = get_input()
calc_pay(hours, rate)
My last minor suggestion is about avoiding repetition in your code. A well known programming suggestion is "Don't Repeat Yourself" (often abbreviated DRY), since repeated (especially copy/pasted) code is hard to modify later and sometimes harbors subtle bugs. Your calc_pay function has a repeated print line that could easily be moved outside of the if/else block so that it doesn't need to be repeated. Just have both branches of the conditional code write the computed pay to the same variable name (instead of different names) and then use that single variable in the print line (and a return line if you follow my suggested fix above for the main issue of your question).
Thanks for the help people. Here was the answer
payList = []
num_of_emps = int(input("Enter number of employees: "))
for i in range(num_of_emps):
name, hours, rate = get_input()
pay = calc_pay(hours, rate)
payList.append(pay)
total = sum(payList)
avg = total / num_of_emps
print("The total amount to be paid is $", format(total, ",.2f"), sep="")
print("\nThe average employee is paid $", format(avg, ",.2f"), sep="")
Enter objects mass, then calculate its weight.
If the object weighs more than 500.
Else the object weighs less than 100.
Use formula: weight = mass x 9.8
Related
Problem is to check whether the given 2D array represents a valid Sudoku or not. Given below are the conditions required
Each row must contain the digits 1-9 without repetition.
Each column must contain the digits 1-9 without repetition.
Each of the 9 3x3 sub-boxes of the grid must contain the digits 1-9 without repetition.
Here is the code I prepared for this, please give me tips on how I can make it faster and reduce runtime and whether by using the dictionary my program is slowing down ?
def isValidSudoku(self, boards: List[List[str]]) -> bool:
r = {}
a = {}
for i in range(len(boards)):
c = {}
for j in range(len(boards[i])):
if boards[i][j] != '.':
x,y = r.get(boards[i][j]+f'{j}',0),c.get(boards[i][j],0)
u,v = (i+3)//3,(j+3)//3
z = a.get(boards[i][j]+f'{u}{v}',0)
if (x==0 and y==0 and z==0):
r[boards[i][j]+f'{j}'] = x+1
c[boards[i][j]] = y+1
a[boards[i][j]+f'{u}{v}'] = z+1
else:
return False
return True
Simply optimizing assignment without rethinking your algorithm limits your overall efficiency by a lot. When you make a choice you generally take a long time before discovering a contradiction.
Instead of representing, "Here are the values that I have figured out", try to represent, "Here are the values that I have left to try in each spot." And now your fundamental operation is, "Eliminate this value from this spot." (Remember, getting it down to 1 propagates to eliminating the value from all of its peers, potentially recursively.)
Assignment is now "Eliminate all values but this one from this spot."
And now your fundamental search operation is, "Find the square with the least number of remaining possibilities > 1. Try each possibility in turn."
This may feel heavyweight. But the immediate propagation of constraints results in very quickly discovering constraints on the rest of the solution, which is far faster than having to do exponential amounts of reasoning before finding the logical contradiction in your partial solution so far.
I recommend doing this yourself. But https://norvig.com/sudoku.html has full working code that you can look at at need.
In a transport problem, I'm trying to insert the following rule into the objective function:
If a supply of BC <19,000 tons, then we will have a penalty of $ 125 / MT
I added a constraint to check the condition but would like to apply the penalty in the objective function.
I was able to do this in Excel Solver, but the values do not match. I've already checked both, and debugged the code, but I could not figure out what's wrong.
Here is the constraint:
def bc_rule(model):
return sum(model.x[supplier, market] for supplier in model.suppliers \
for market in model.markets \
if 'BC' in supplier) >= 19000
model.bc_rules = Constraint(rule=bc_rule, doc='Minimum production')
The problem is in the objective rule:
def objective_rule(model):
PENALTY_THRESHOLD = 19000
PENALTY_COST = 125
cost = sum(model.costs[supplier, market] * model.x[supplier, market] for supplier in model.suppliers for market in model.markets)
# what is the problem here?
bc = sum(model.x[supplier, market] for supplier in model.suppliers \
for market in model.markets \
if 'BC' in supplier)
if bc < PENALTY_THRESHOLD:
cost += (PENALTY_THRESHOLD - bc) * PENALTY_COST
return cost
model.objective = Objective(rule=objective_rule, sense=minimize, doc='Define objective function')
I'm getting a much lower value than found in Excel Solver.
Your condition (if) depends on a variable in your model.
Normally, ifs should never be used in a mathematical model, and that is not only for Pyomo. Even in Excel, if statements in formulas are simply converted to scalar value before optimization, so I would be very careful when saying that it is the real optimal value.
The good news is that if statements are easily converted into mathematical constraints.
For that, you need to add a binary variable (0/1) to your model. It will take the value of 1 if bc <= PENALTY_TRESHOLD. Let's call this variable y, and is defined as model.y = Var(domain=Binary).
You will add model.y * PENALTY_COST as a term of your objective function to include the penalty cost.
Then, for the constraint, add the following piece of code:
def y_big_M(model):
bigM = 10000 # Should be a big number, big enough that it will be bigger than any number in your
# model, but small enough that it will stay around the same order of magnitude. Avoid
# utterly big number like 1e12 and + if you don't need to, since having numbers too
# large causes problems.
PENALTY_TRESHOLD = 19000
return PENALTY_TRESHOLD - sum(
model.x[supplier, market]
for supplier in model.suppliers
for market in model.markets
if 'BC' in supplier
) <= model.y * bigM
model.y_big_M = Constraint(rule=y_big_M)
The previous constraint ensures that y will take a value greater than 0 (i.e. 1) when the sum that calculates bc is smaller than the PENALTY_TRESHOLD. Any value of this difference that is greater than 0 will force the model to put 1 in the value of variable y, since if y=1, the right hand side of the constraint will be 1 * bigM, which is a very big number, big enough that bc will always be smaller than bigM.
Please, also check your Excel model to see if your if statements really works during the solver computations. Last time I checked, Excel solver do not convert if statements into bigM constraints. The modeling technique I showed you works for absolutely all programming method, even in Excel.
I'm using chisquare test for my data. I'm appending them in a loop in that way:
My .txt file looks like below, it has 180 rows with strings like that. Now I want to find the minimum value from those 180 rows, which is contained in parentesis, like in example below (15.745037950673217,), but I don't want to lose information which is assigned to a string in that row, which is 201701241800 Chi for 75 degree model.
...
201701241800 Chi for 75 degree model (15.745037950673217,)
201701241800 Chi for 76 degree model (16.014744332924252,)
...
The code I use looks like this:
o = chisquare(f_obs=fin, f_exp=y)
rows = str(Date) + str(Start_time_hours_format) + str(Start_time_minutes_format) + " Chi for {} degree model ".format(r) + str(o[0:1])
table.append(rows)
The problem is that number of those calculations is enormously huge. My task is to find minimum value in each iteration, which is defined by a for loop. Example above came from one iteration (There are 180 degree models in each iteration). The problem is I cannot use min(table) because I've got there strings, but I cannot erase them, because that information is important. Do you have any ideas how to find min value here? I mean specificly min value in parentesis.
If you have a list lst, min(lst) returns the minimum value without modifying the list. If you don't have a list, but objects from which you want to consider a value, let's say obj[i].myvalue, then you can do something like
min = 1000 # a huge number much bigger than your expected values
for o in obj:
if o.myvalue < min:
min = o.myvalue
which assigns to min the minimum value (probably it is not the best way, but it works for sure).
[I would be more specific, but it is not clear what kind of object you have to find the minimum of. Please consider to update your question to be more explicative.]
Ok, so I've found a way to solve this problem. Code below:
o = chisquare(f_obs=fin, f_exp=y)
rows = str(Date) + str(Start_time_hours_format) + str(Start_time_minutes_format) + " Chi for {} degree model ".format(r) + str(o[0:1])
print(rows)
table.append(rows)
with open('measurements.txt', 'a') as j:
j.write(min(table))
j.write('\n')
j.close()
We are supposed to make a number guessing game where depending on what difficulty the player chooses the game generates 4 or 5 numbers and the player is given all but the last, which they have to guess in 3 tries. The numbers have to be equal distances apart, and the numbers have to be within the 1 - 100 range.
So far I know what it will look like roughly.
def guesses:
function for accumulating tries as long as guesses_taken < 3
let user retry, or congratulate and offer to replay
def game_easy:
code for number generation, step value, etc
guesses()
def game_hard:
same code as easy mode, with the appropriate changes
guesses()
For the random numbers, all I have so far is this
guess_init = rand.int (1,100)
step = rand.int (1,20)
guess_init = guess_init + step
and just having it loop and add the step 4 or 5 times respectively.
Where I'm stuck is 1. How to ensure that none of the numbers generated exceed 100 (so it can't be a step of 1 starting at 98), and 2. how to print all but the last number generated.
What I was thinking was assigning the last number generated to a variable that the player input must match. But I was also thinking that if "guess_init" has ran through the loop, then it will already be holding the value of the last number and all Ill have to check is that user input == guess_init.
In your Case you should read the random section from the Python Standard Library. Especially this is relevant:
random.randrange(start, stop[, step])
Return a randomly selected element from range(start, stop, step). This is equivalent to choice(range(start, stop, step)), but doesn’t actually build a range object.
Disclaimer: I'm 16 and have just started my A levels, Computing is one of my subjects.
So, I had a challenge, to make a tax rate calculator. I'm having issues trying to get the salaries to receive the correct tax discount:
personal_allowance = 11500
basic_rate = range(11501,45001)
higher_rate = range(45002,150001)
additional_rate = range(150002,(1 ** 15))
br_tax = float(0.2)
hr_tax = float(0.4)
ad_tax = float(0.45)
The trouble is when you differentiate the numbers:
#if not income_amount in basic_rate:
print("You pay 20% tax. You will pay:\n£"+str("%.2f" % round((income_amount * br_tax),2)))
income_amount = 0
time.sleep(0.6)
print("-------------")
time.sleep(2)
Start()
How do I get that commented line to sort itself out, I have ones for the higher salaries too but all default to this block rather than the others for the other ranges. Obviously < and > do not work and not in is combinations don't seem to help either.
As a side note, does that double asterisk work as an exponent since my code won't properly show me?
additional_rate = range(150002,(1 ** 15))
From what I could understand, you need to give different tax rates based on different income slabs?
The range function in python creates a sequence, for example,
range (1,5) is the sequence 1,2,3,4. Which, I feel is unnecessary here.
Your program will be easier if you used if else instead.
income = 20000 # income of the person
# Rates
br_tax = float(0.2)
hr_tax = float(0.4)
ad_tax = float(0.45)
tax_to_deduct = 0
# Calculate the tax on the amount first
if income>=11501 and income <= 45001:
tax_to_deduct = br_tax*income
# Then subtract this from your original income.
print ('Tax:',tax_to_deduct)
print ('Income after tax:',income-tax_to_deduct)
Do the same for all the brackets, using if else will make your code much more intuitive. I might have misunderstood your question, let me know if that's the case.
Yes, the double asterisk works as exponent