So when ever I initialize my Gui class and then pack() my label and button widget the nice frame stylization I've configured with the frames they exist in breaks. Why is this if you comment out the pack of the button and label widgets it's exactly what I want it to look like.
class Gui(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
self.parent.wm_title("Conflict found")
self.TV = 'Hello'
# Creation
self.statusbar = statusbar(self, bg="black", height=100, width=300)
self.main = Main(self, bg="grey", height=50, width=300)
# Packing
self.statusbar.pack(side="top", expand=True)
self.statusbar.label.pack()
self.main.pack(side="bottom", expand=True)
self.main.button.pack()
def quit(self):
self.parent.destroy()
class Main(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
self.button = tk.Button(self, text="Exit", command=self.quit)
class statusbar(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
self.label = tk.Label(self, text=self.parent.TV, fg='white')
The short answer is that this is how tkinter is designed to work. When you use pack or grid, tkinter will cause the parent window to grow or shrink to fit its children.
This is what you want 99.999% of the time because it lets you focus on the size of the widgets based on character sizes (or pixels when it matters, such as with images) and the GUI will be just the right size.
When you pick a specific size for frames and windows, your program won't look right if the user has different fonts, or a different OS, or a monitor with a different resolution, or the user tries to grow or shrink the window manually.
There are ways around this behavior, but you almost never want to turn this behavior off. The best solution is to focus on your interior widgets and let tkinter worry about the window size.
Instead of thinking "I need a statusbar that is 100 pixels tall and 300 pixels wide", think "I need a statusbar that has room for at least 20 characters, and fills the window horizontally". Tkinter will then do the right thing no matter what font, resolution, or OS you're using.
The height= and width= of a Frame normally only apply if the Frame is empty. As soon as you add any child widgets to it, its size gets recalculated to be the minimum needed to hold all the children. To avoid this, you can call .pack_propagate(0) on the Frame (or .grid_propagate(0) if you're using .grid() on the children).
Related
I would like to create a contractible panel in a GUI, using the Python package tkinter.
My idea is to create a decorator for the tkinter.Frameclass, adding a nested frame and a "vertical button" which toggles the nested frame.
Sketch: (Edit: The gray box should say Parent of contractible panel)
I got it to toggle just fine, using the nested frame's grid_remove to hide it and then move the button to the left column (otherwise occupied by the frame).
Now I want to be able to use it like any other tkinter.Frame, but let it target the nested frame. Almost acting like a proxy for the nested frame. For example, adding a tkinter.Label (the green Child component in the sketch) to the decorator should add the label to the nested frame component (light yellow tk.Frame in the sketch) not the decorator itself (strong yellow ContractiblePanel in the sketch).
Minimal example: (omitting the toggling stuff and any "formatting"):
(Here's a published (runnable) Repl project)
import tkinter
class ContractiblePanel(tkinter.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(parent, *args, **kwargs)
self._panel = tkinter.Frame(self)
self._toggle = tkinter.Button(self, text='<', command=self._toggle_panel)
self.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsw')
self._panel.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsw')
self._toggle.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='nsw')
def _toggle_panel(self):
# ...
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tkinter.Tk()
root.geometry('128x128')
contractible_panel = ContractiblePanel(root)
Forwarding configuration calls is just overriding the config method I guess?
class ContractiblePanel(tkinter.Frame):
# ...
def config(self, **kwargs):
self._panel.config(**kwargs)
# ...
contractible_panel.config(background='blue')
But I would like to be able to add a child component into the nested panel frame by
label_in_panel = tkinter.Label(contractible_panel, text='yadayada')
How do I get the ContractiblePanel object to act like a proxy to its member _panel, when adding child components?
What other methods/use cases should I consider? I am quite new to tkinter and thus expect the current implementation to break some common practices when developing tkinter GUIs.
This is an interesting question. Unfortunately, tkinter really isn't designed to support what you want. I think it would be less complicated to simply expose the inner frame and add widgets to it.
That being said, I'll present one possible solution. It's not implemented as a python decorator, but rather a custom class.
The difficulty is that you want the instance of the custom class to represent the outer frame in one context (for example, when packing it in your UI) and the inner frame in another context (when adding child widgets to it)
The following solution solves this by making the instance be the inner frame, and then overriding pack,place, and grid so that they operates on the outer frame. This works fine, with an important exception: you cannot use this class directly inside a notebook or embedded in a text widget or canvas.
I've used colors and borders so it's easy to see the individual components, but you can remove the colors in production code, obviously. Also, I used a label instead of a button since I created the screenshot on OSX where the background color of a button can't be changed.
import tkinter as tk
class ContractiblePanel(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, **kwargs):
self._frame = tk.Frame(parent, **kwargs)
super().__init__(self._frame, bd=2, relief="solid", bg="#EFE4B0")
self._button = tk.Label(
self._frame, text="<", bg="#00A2E8", bd=2,
relief="solid", font=("Helvetica", 20), width=4
)
self._frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self._frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self._button.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="ns", padx=4, pady=4)
super().grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew", padx=4, pady=4)
self._button.bind("<1>", lambda event: self.toggle())
def collapse(self):
super().grid_remove()
self._button.configure(text=">")
def expand(self):
super().grid()
self._button.configure(text="<")
def toggle(self):
self.collapse() if self.winfo_viewable() else self.expand()
def pack(self, **kwargs):
# override to call pack in the private frame
self._frame.pack(**kwargs)
def grid(self, **kwargs):
# override to call grid in the private frame
self._frame.grid(**kwargs)
def place(self, **kwargs):
# override to call place in the private frame
self._frame.place(**kwargs)
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x300")
cp = ContractiblePanel(root, bg="yellow", bd=2, relief="raised")
cp.pack(side="left", fill="y", padx=10, pady=10)
label = tk.Label(cp, text="Child component", background="#22B14C", height=3, bd=2, relief="solid")
label.pack(side="top", expand=True, padx=20, pady=20)
root.mainloop()
First of all it is kinda gross to use this code and it's very confusing. So I'm really not sure if you really want to take this route. However, it is possible to achieve it.
The basic idea is to have a wrapper and to pretend the wrapper is the actual object you can lie with __str__ and __repr__ about what the class really is. That is not what a proxy means.
class WrapperClass:
def __init__(self, master=None, **kwargs):
self._wrapped_frame = tk.Frame(master, **kwargs)
self._panel = tk.Frame(self._wrapped_frame)
self._toggle = tk.Button(self._wrapped_frame, text='<', command=self._toggle_panel)
self._wrapped_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsw')
self._panel.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsw')
self._toggle.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='nsw')
return None
def _toggle_panel(self):
print('toggle')
def __str__(self):
return self._panel._w
__repr__ = __str__
You can do even more confusing things by delegate the lookup-chain to the _wrapped_frame inside the WrapperClass this enables you to call on the instance of WrapperFrame() methods like pack or every other method. It kinda works similar for inheritance with the difference that by referring to the object, you will point to different one.
I don't recommend using this code by the way.
import tkinter as tk
NONE = object()
#use an object here that there will no mistake
class WrapperClass:
def __init__(self, master=None, **kwargs):
self._wrapped_frame = tk.Frame(master, **kwargs)
self._panel = tk.Frame(self._wrapped_frame)
self._toggle = tk.Button(self._wrapped_frame, text='<', command=self._toggle_panel)
self._wrapped_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsw')
self._panel.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsw')
self._toggle.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='nsw')
return None
def _toggle_panel(self):
print('toggle')
def __str__(self):
return self._panel._w
__repr__ = __str__
def __getattr__(self, name):
#when wrapper class has no attr name
#delegate the lookup chain to self.frame
inreturn = getattr(self._wrapped_frame, name, NONE)
if inreturn is NONE:
super().__getattribute__(name)
return inreturn
root = tk.Tk()
wrapped_frame = WrapperClass(root, bg='red', width=200, height=200)
root.mainloop()
So I have two frames, a centered text frame and a toolbar with buttons in it. I want the toolbar to be on top side, so I tried self.toolbar.pack(side='top', pady=60) but it doesn't seem to be enough.
What happens is that the buttons, who are slaves of the toolbar frame, seem to be dictating their own position : if I pack one left, it goes on the left side of the entire application. Instead, I would like to be able to place once my toolbar frame, and then pack my buttons, side by side, so using something like the side attribute that currently change their global position.
How can I achieve this? Is my OOP approach bad written?
The whole block:
import tkinter as tk
class ToolbarButton(tk.Button):
def __init__(self, master, text, pixelref, *args, **kw):
super(ToolbarButton, self).__init__()
self.master = master
super(ToolbarButton, self).configure(text=text, image=pixelref, height=20, width=20, compound='center')
class MainApplication(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
# Textframe
self.text_frame = tk.Frame(root, width=600, height=790)
self.text_frame.pack_propagate(False)
self.text_widg = tk.Text(self.text_frame, width=1, height=1)
self.text_widg.pack(expand=True, fill='both')
# Toolbar
self.toolbar = tk.Frame(root)
self.pixel = tk.PhotoImage(width=1, height=1)
self.bold_button = ToolbarButton(self.toolbar, 'B', self.pixel)
self.bold_button.pack(side='left', padx=4)
self.italic_button = ToolbarButton(self.toolbar, 'I', self.pixel)
self.italic_button.pack(side='left', padx=4)
self.underline_button = ToolbarButton(self.toolbar, 'U', self.pixel)
self.underline_button.pack(side='left', padx=4)
# Packing
self.toolbar.pack(side='top', pady=60)
self.text_frame.pack(expand=True)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
MainApplication(root).pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
root.mainloop()
Someone explained me the issue: the ToolbarButton class wasn't instantiating properly.
A way to correct this - and improve the syntax too:
class ToolbarButton(tk.Button):
def __init__(self, master, text, pixelref, *args, **kw):
super().__init__(master)
self.configure(text=text, image=pixelref, height=20, width=20, compound='center')
this is a View and Controller part of a program that I am intending writing. My question is why I can't see my grid. My suspicion is that I am not inheriting correctly.
I think the problem is happening here:
"self.frame=Small_Frame(self)"
This is what I understand from my code. class Controller is inheriting from tk. class View is inheriting from tk.Frame. Up to here everything works.
class Small_Frame is my customer widget. The grid is just 12 instances of class Small_Frame using grid() method. I don't know why is it not showing up. Please help me understand. thank you.
import tkinter as tk
class View(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, bg= "yellow", bd =2, relief = tk.RIDGE)
self.parent = parent
self.controller = controller
self.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
for r in range(3):
self.rowconfigure(r, weight=1)
for c in range(4):
self.columnconfigure(c, weight=1)
self.frame=Small_Frame(self)
self.frame.grid(row = r, column = c, padx=1, pady = 1, sticky=
(tk.N, tk.S, tk.W, tk.E))
class Small_Frame(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, borderwidth=1, relief="groove")
self.parent = parent
self.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
class Controller():
def __init__(self):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.view = View(self.root, self)
self.root.title("notbook my own try")
self.root.geometry("1200x650")
self.root.config(bg="LightBlue4")
self.root.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
c = Controller()
The problem is that you are mixing pack and grid with widgets that share a common parent.
First, you're creating a View object as a child of the root window, and you're calling pack to add it to the root window.
Next, you are creating a series of Small_Frame instances, but you are neglecting to pass the parent to the __init__ of the superclass so these instances become a child of the root window. The instance calls pack on itself, and then you call grid on the instance. Calling grid on the instance causes tkinter to get into an infinite loop as both grid and pack try to resize the parent in different ways. Each one triggers a redraw by the other one.
There are two things you need to do. First, remove self.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1) from the __init__ of Small_Frame. It's a bad practice to have a class call pack or grid on itself. The code that creates a widget should be responsible for adding it to the screen.
Second, you need to pass parent to __init__ method of the superclass in Small_Frame so that Small_Frame is a child of the correct parent. Your __init__ thus should look like this:
class Small_Frame(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, borderwidth=1, relief="groove")
self.parent = parent
I need the buttons within LeftFrame to change its appearance when clicked. In the class AccOne, I tried to do left_frame.acc1.config(releif='SUNKEN'), but I get NameError: name 'left_frame' not defined. I tried making left_frame global, but no luck.
Here's the script.
class MainApp(Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
container = Frame(self)
container.pack()
container.rowconfigure(4, weight=1)
container.columnconfigure(2, weight=1)
right_frame = RightFrame(container, self)
left_frame = LeftFrame(container, right_frame)
left_frame.pack(side=LEFT)
right_frame.pack()
class RightFrame(Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller, *args, **kwargs):
Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.frames = {}
for F in (Welcome, AccOne, AccTwo, AccThree, AccFour, AccFive):
frame = F(self, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
self.show_frame(Welcome)
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.grid(row=0, column=0)
frame.tkraise()
class LeftFrame(Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller, *args, **kwargs):
Frame.__init__(self, parent)
acc1 = Button(self, text="Account 1", width=12, height=3, command=lambda: controller.show_frame(AccOne))
acc1.pack()
I figured it would make sense to configure the button under def show_frame(self,cont): but I have no idea where to start since that method isn't under LeftFrame.
When creating tkinter windows with classes, try and think about creating a 'widget tree', this being a path through which you can access all of your widgets. In this simple example, MainWindow and SubWindow can access all of eachother's widgets:
class MainWindow(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
tk.Tk.__init__(self)
# widget
self.lbl = tk.Label(self, text='Title')
self.lbl.pack()
# create child window, as class attribute so it can access all
# of the child's widgets
self.child = SubWindow(self)
self.child.pack()
# access child's widgets
self.child.btn.config(bg='red')
class SubWindow(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
# can use this attribute to move 'up the tree' and access
# all of mainwindow's widgets
self.parent = parent
# widget
self.btn = tk.Button(self, text='Press')
self.btn.pack()
# access parent's widgets
self.parent.lbl.config(text='Changed')
Things to change in your code
Firstly, every time you create a widget that you might want to access later, assign it to a class variable. For example (this is part of the cause of your problem):
self.left_frame
self.acc1
not
left_frame
acc1
Secondly, make proper use of your parent and controller arguments. You're doing these, but you never use them or assign them to an atribute, so they may as well not be there. Assign them to a self.parent or self.controller attribute, so if you need to access them in a method later, you can.
I don't know exactly what you're trying to do and I can't see your AccOne class, but you should be able to find a way to access that button by making these changes.
Good luck!
I am currently writing a tkinter GUI app using Python 3. I have several frames in my application which should have the same navigation bar(some button widgets and some Label widgets packed in a LabelFrame widget). I want to write this code in a function and call it instead of writing it to every frame and having to change every frame every time I change something in the navigation bar.
I tried putting all of the widgets in a function and calling it just as I said above but it didn't work because I wrote every frame as a class and when I call the function, it doesn't understand where I want to put the widgets to.I pass self as the first argument for creating the widget to place it in the main frame but when I call it in a function, it can't find what self is.
I am looking for any possible way to "teach" the function self or another way to write the navigation bar only once and make any modifications there.
(I think writing the tkinter GUI by writing frames as class has a specific name but I can't recall it right now)
EDIT: Based on a comment here is a example of what I want to do;
(Example below is written without considering the fact it is not possible to use pack with grid. Any other improvements to the code are welcome.)
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter as tk
#lots of other imports here, they are not related to the question.
def nav_bar():
navLabelFrame=tk.LabelFrame(self)
button=ttk.Button(navLabelFrame,text="I am a button",
command=lambda:controller.show_frame(Page1))
#Other buttons and labels
#...
class app(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
tk.Tk.wm_title(self, "Hello World")#TITLE OF THE WINDOW
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand = False)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.frames = {}
for F in:(Page1,Page2,Page3,
Page4,Page5,Page6):
frame = F(container, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.show_frame(UserLogin)#SET HOME PAGE
def show_frame(self, cont):#FUNCTION TO SWITCH PAGES
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
class Page1(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self,parent)
Page1.grid(self)
nav_bar()#place the contents of the navbar
#place other stuff here
class Page2(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self,parent)
Page1.grid(self)
nav_bar()#place the contents of the navbar
#place other stuff here
class Page3(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self,parent)
Page1.grid(self)
nav_bar()#place the contents of the navbar
#place other stuff here
GUI=app()
GUI.mainloop()