I'm trying to build some code on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS that uses OpenSSL 1.0.0. When I run make, it invokes g++ with the "-lssl" option. The source includes:
#include <openssl/bio.h>
#include <openssl/buffer.h>
#include <openssl/des.h>
#include <openssl/evp.h>
#include <openssl/pem.h>
#include <openssl/rsa.h>
I ran:
$ sudo apt-get install openssl
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
openssl is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
But I guess the openssl package doesn't include the library. I get these errors on make:
foo.cpp:21:25: error: openssl/bio.h: No such file or directory
foo.cpp:22:28: error: openssl/buffer.h: No such file or directory
foo.cpp:23:25: error: openssl/des.h: No such file or directory
foo.cpp:24:25: error: openssl/evp.h: No such file or directory
foo.cpp:25:25: error: openssl/pem.h: No such file or directory
foo.cpp:26:25: error: openssl/rsa.h: No such file or directory
How do I install the OpenSSL C++ library on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS?
I did a man g++ and (under "Options for Linking") for the -l option it states: " The linker searches a standard list of directories for the library..." and "The directories searched include several standard system directories..." What are those standard system directories?
You want to install the development package, which is libssl-dev:
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
Run:
apt-get install libssl-dev
All of these answers are very outdated and from when the package was still being developed. You can now just use the "normal" command listed below:
sudo apt install openssl
Edit: OP's question is poorly worded... after all, OpenSSL is a library itself, so I read his question too quickly before answering. The command above installs "normal" OpenSSL.
Toward the bottom of his question he mentions that make fails, suggesting he is compiling the package manually. And yes, even if you download the TAR ball, it will include all of the openssl and libssl files, which you can then make from.
What OP is really asking for is the OpenSSL Development Library, in which case you can first install OpenSSL using the above command, and then run this afterwards:
sudo apt install libssl-dev
More info: https://linuxtect.com/how-to-install-openssl-libraries-on-ubuntu-debian-mint/
I found a detailed solution here: Install OpenSSL Manually On Linux
From the blog post...:
Steps to download, compile, and install are as follows (I'm installing version 1.0.1g below; please replace "1.0.1g" with your version number):
Step – 1 : Downloading OpenSSL:
Run the command as below :
$ wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz
Also, download the MD5 hash to verify the integrity of the downloaded file for just varifacation purpose. In the same folder where you have downloaded the OpenSSL file from the website :
$ wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz.md5
$ md5sum openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz
$ cat openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz.md5
Step – 2 : Extract files from the downloaded package:
$ tar -xvzf openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz
Now, enter the directory where the package is extracted like here is openssl-1.0.1g
$ cd openssl-1.0.1g
Step – 3 : Configuration OpenSSL
Run below command with optional condition to set prefix and directory where you want to copy files and folder.
$ ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl --openssldir=/usr/local/openssl
You can replace “/usr/local/openssl” with the directory path where you want to copy the files and folders. But make sure while doing this steps check for any error message on terminal.
Step – 4 : Compiling OpenSSL
To compile openssl you will need to run 2 command : make, make install as below :
$ make
Note: check for any error message for verification purpose.
Step -5 : Installing OpenSSL:
$ sudo make install
Or without sudo,
$ make install
That’s it. OpenSSL has been successfully installed. You can run the version command to see if it worked or not as below :
$ /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl version
OpenSSL 1.0.1g 7 Apr 2014
How could I have figured that out for
myself (other than asking this
question here)? Can I somehow tell
apt-get to list all packages, and grep
for ssl? Or do I need to know the
"lib*-dev" naming convention?
If you're linking with -lfoo then the library is likely libfoo.so. The library itself is probably part of the libfoo package, and the headers are in the libfoo-dev package as you've discovered.
Some people use the GUI "synaptic" app (sudo synaptic) to (locate and) install packages, but I prefer to use the command line. One thing that makes it easier to find the right package from the command line is the fact that apt-get supports bash completion.
Try typing sudo apt-get install libssl and then hit tab to see a list of matching package names (which can help when you need to select the correct version of a package that has multiple versions or other variations available).
Bash completion is actually very useful... for example, you can also get a list of commands that apt-get supports by typing sudo apt-get and then hitting tab.
Another way to install openssl library from source code on Ubuntu, follows steps below, here WORKDIR is your working directory:
sudo apt-get install pkg-config
cd WORKDIR
git clone https://github.com/openssl/openssl.git
cd openssl
./config
make
sudo make install
# Open file /etc/ld.so.conf, add a new line: "/usr/local/lib" at EOF
sudo ldconfig
You want the openssl-devel package.
At least I think it's -devel on Ubuntu. Might be -dev. It's one of the two.
As a general rule, when on Debian or Ubuntu and you're missing a development file (or any other file for that matter), use apt-file to figure out which package provides that file:
~ apt-file search openssl/bio.h
android-libboringssl-dev: /usr/include/android/openssl/bio.h
libssl-dev: /usr/include/openssl/bio.h
libwolfssl-dev: /usr/include/cyassl/openssl/bio.h
libwolfssl-dev: /usr/include/wolfssl/openssl/bio.h
A quick glance at each of the packages that are returned by the command, using apt show will tell you which among the packages is the one you're looking for:
~ apt show libssl-dev
Package: libssl-dev
Version: 1.1.1d-2
Priority: optional
Section: libdevel
Source: openssl
Maintainer: Debian OpenSSL Team <pkg-openssl-devel#lists.alioth.debian.org>
Installed-Size: 8,095 kB
Depends: libssl1.1 (= 1.1.1d-2)
Suggests: libssl-doc
Conflicts: libssl1.0-dev
Homepage: https://www.openssl.org/
Tag: devel::lang:c, devel::library, implemented-in::TODO, implemented-in::c,
protocol::ssl, role::devel-lib, security::cryptography
Download-Size: 1,797 kB
APT-Sources: http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian unstable/main amd64 Packages
Description: Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - development files
This package is part of the OpenSSL project's implementation of the SSL
and TLS cryptographic protocols for secure communication over the
Internet.
.
It contains development libraries, header files, and manpages for libssl
and libcrypto.
N: There is 1 additional record. Please use the '-a' switch to see it
Go to the official website and download the source code for the version you need
Then unzip the update package and execute the following command
./config --prefix=/usr/local/ssl --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/ssl/lib shared
Because the default is to generate only static libraries, if you want dynamic libraries, add the "shared" option
make && make install
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev
Related
I have GCC v9. But I'm trying to install a GCC 4.8.1 version to test a library compilation on that very old version of GCC.
The version is not available in the official Ubuntu repos,it is deprecated, but I've found it in other mirrors as told by the official GCC website. This one seems like popular one:
https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-toolchain-r/+archive/ubuntu/test
I have very little knowledge of linux package systems except for the basic. I want to keep both versions. So I should do this:
sudo apt -y install gcc-4.8.1 gcc-9
The reason why I want to use this command and not install it from the file, apart from the difficulty of doing that for me, is that I'm following a guide in order to have several GCCs on my system:
https://www.fosslinux.com/39386/how-to-install-multiple-versions-of-gcc-and-g-on-ubuntu-20-04.htm
When I add the url to the sources.list file seems like it is working.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt update -q
But when I try to call the install with gcc-4.8.1 or gcc-4.8 , or even gcc-4 the package doesn't exist.
Package gcc-4.8 is not available, but is referred to by another
package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been
obsoleted, or is only available from another source E: Package
'gcc-4.8' has no installation candidate
Also, I don't know if websites like these can be added to the repos list in order to find the package using APT:
http://www.netgull.com/gcc/releases/gcc-4.8.1/
[EDIT]
I downloaded the package from the website I linked. I have no idea how to install this by hand. If only I could find a repository that could help me with this... I have no idea how to make APT help me with the installation.
But I'm trying to install a GCC 4.8.1 version to test a library compilation on that very old version of GCC.
Developers have tools up their sleeve so they don't have to install dependencies and bloating their systems for every library (and every configuration of that library!) they want to try out and test.
Use docker. You could write for example a testing script, assuming your project uses make:
# test_my_lib_in_gcc-4.8.sh
#!/bin/sh
docker run -ti --rm -v $PWD:/project -w /project gcc:4.8 -u $UID:$GID sh <<EOF
make && make test
EOF
that will compile and test your application in using 4.8 gcc. Consider how easy it is to change gcc version - just change the number. You could test your library in gcc, in different versions, and using other compilers and on different distributions to make sure it works for others. If you're a developer of the library, write an automatized CI pipeline that would automatically test your application each commit in specific docker environment, using ex. https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/README.html or https://travis-ci.org/ .
I have a new Linux install (Ubuntu Mini Remix 16.04) and I did the following:
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/openssl/openssl.git
cd openssl
./config --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl
make
make test
sudo make install
I then typed in openssl in the CLI and got this message:
openssl: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Maybe /usr/local/lib is not in /etc/ld.so.conf?? If it is just try to run 'ldconfig' as root with no params, if it's not just add it and run 'ldconfig'.
try this:
do "which openssl" to confirm you're looking at the correct copy. do "ldd openssl" to get a list of what dynamic libraries it's expecting. Given the error you got there should be an error in the LDD output showing it can't find libssl.so.
Your "make install" may have simply left out "ldconfig". Do "ldconfig" to get the system to refresh it's information on where shared libraries are (it gets that from /etc/ld.so.conf and /etc/ld.so.conf.d/.
You can use the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable to force it to use a certain directory to search for shared libraries, that often fixes this error.
Earlier I was in Ubuntu & it was easy to install smlnj using
apt-get install smlnj
but now I shifted to Arch & I'm finding it difficult to install smlnj.
I tried to find smlnj package through yaourt but I didn't found any.
Then I tried to install it by steps given in official site by downloading tar file. I followed given steps and extracted tar file in /usr/local/sml & then compiled by running command
config/install.sh.
After doing all this I tried to run sml but was not successful. I tried setting environment variable but again was not successful.
Please tell me whether I'm missing any steps or doing it wrong way. What is correct way to install smlnj in Arch Linux?
Update: As Alexander (xyproto) points out, pacman -S smlnj should work again now that SML/NJ is in the [multilib] repository. The solution below would still work, but credit for making installation more convenient should go to him. :-)
Before: It seems that the package became unavailable for x86_64 in Feb 2017, but it doesn't look like it should have happened. I've asked Alexander who maintains the package in [community].
The AUR doesn't contain an smlnj package because it's against AUR policy to overlap with official packages, unless the AUR package is compiled with some tweak that is clearly visible in the package name.
You can still build an Arch package and install that by finding the PKGBUILD and accompanying files at: https://git.archlinux.org/svntogit/community.git/tree/trunk?h=packages/smlnj (or by cloning the git repo below with those four files in it):
~ $ git clone https://github.com/sshine/smlnj-arch.git
~ $ cd smlnj-arch
~/smlnj-arch $ makepkg
~/smlnj-arch $ sudo pacman -U smlnj-110.80-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
I am using fedora16 in vmware but there is no ncurses header file. so i cannot practice with ncurses, how can I install ncurses header file.
Fedora 16 is rather old, but if you can get to a workable yum server, you can install the ncurses-devel package to get the header files.
Since you use fedora then doing the following installs ncurses on fedora:
First, go to rpmfind.net then search for ncurses and download the package according to your architecture. Then do the following to install the package:
rpm -i </Path/Package_name.extension>
Or alternatively, you can download the source code and compile it yourself by:
tar zxvf Ncurses_packageName.tar.gz
cd Ncurses_packageName
./configure
make
sudo make install
I'm having a torrid time installing Apache2::Request on Centos 5.5. My apache is the standard one that came with centos.
I'm installing from libapreq2-2.13 and a lot of dependencies didn't already exist. I so far had to do:
yum install httpd-devel # for apxs
I then did:
perl Makefile.PL --with-apache2-apxs=/usr/sbin/apxs
make
The make step then told me i needed: ExtUtils-XSBuilder and Parse-RecDescent, which i duly installed.
running make again gave the compiler error:
/home/xx/installers/libapreq2-2.13/glue/perl/xsbuilder/apreq_xs_postperl.h:22:34: error: modperl_perl_unembed.h: No such file or directory
/home/xx/installers/libapreq2-2.13/glue/perl/xsbuilder/apreq_xs_postperl.h:25:33: error: modperl_common_util.h: No such file or directory
In file included from Apache2.xs:45:
/home/xx/installers/libapreq2-2.13/glue/perl/xsbuilder/APR/Request/Apache2/APR__Request__Apache2.h:1:22: error: mod_perl.h: No such file or directory
Can anyone tell me which package i'm missing?
Is there not a method of installing this common package that "just works" (tm).
Many thanks
It's already packaged for Centos.
$ repoquery -i --whatprovides 'perl(Apache2::Request)'
perl-libapreq2-0:2.09-0.rc2.1.el5.x86_64
$ sudo yum install perl-libapreq2
(Actually, that only works if you're using the EPEL repository)
To install the headers , yum install mod_perl-devel