I have three dataframe as below:
import pandas as pd
labels=['1','2','3','Aggregated']
df1 = {'date_time': ["2022-10-06 17:23:11","2022-10-06 17:23:12","2022-10-06 17:23:13","2022-10-06 17:23:14","2022-10-06 17:23:15","2022-10-06 17:23:16"],
'value': [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]}
df2 = {'date_time': ["2022-10-06 17:23:13","2022-10-06 17:23:14","2022-10-06 17:23:15","2022-10-06 17:23:16","2022-10-06 17:23:17","2022-10-06 17:23:18"],
'value': [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]}
df3 = {'date_time': ["2022-10-06 17:23:16","2022-10-06 17:23:17","2022-10-06 17:23:18","2022-10-06 17:23:19","2022-10-06 17:23:20","2022-10-06 17:23:21"],
'value': [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]}
I need to create another dataframe df that contains all the datetime elements from all three df1,df2,df3 such that the common valued are summed up in-terms of common timestamps (excluding the millisecond parts) as shown below.
df=
{'date_time': ["2022-10-06 17:23:11","2022-10-06 17:23:12","2022-10-06 17:23:13","2022-10-06 17:23:14","2022-10-06 17:23:15","2022-10-06 17:23:16","2022-10-06 17:23:17","2022-10-06 17:23:18","2022-10-06 17:23:19","2022-10-06 17:23:20","2022-10-06 17:23:21"],
'value': [4, 5, 6+4, 7+5, 8+6, 9+7+4, 8+5, 9+6, 7, 8, 9]}
For adding the columns I used following:
df = (pd.concat([df1,df2,df3],axis=0)).groupby('date_time')['value'].sum().reset_index()
For plotting I used following which results in df2 and df3 to time shift towards df1.
for dataFrame,number in zip([df1,df2,df3,df],labels):
dataFrame["value"].plot(label=number)
How can I plot the three df1,df2,df3 without time shifting and also plot the aggregated df on the same plot for dataframe column 'value'?
IIUC you search for something like this:
labels=["Aggregated","1","2","3"]
color_dict = {"Aggregated": "orange", "1": "darkred", "2": "green", "3": "blue"}
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
for i, (d, label) in enumerate(zip([df, df1, df2, df3], labels),1):
ax.plot(d["date_time"], d["value"], lw=3/i, color=color_dict[label], label=label)
plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(), ha="right", rotation=45)
plt.legend()
plt.show()
How to create a spark data frame from a nested dictionary? I'm new to spark. I do not want to use the pandas data frame.
My dictionary look like:-
{'prathameshsalap#gmail.com': {'Date': datetime.date(2019, 10, 21),'idle_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 21, 1, 50)},
'vaishusawant143#gmail.com': {'Date': datetime.date(2019, 10, 21),'idle_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 21, 1, 35)},
'you#example.com': {'Date': datetime.date(2019, 10, 21),'idle_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 21, 1, 55)}
}
I want to convert this dict to spark data frame using pyspark data frame.
My expected output:-
Date idle_time
user_name
prathameshsalap#gmail.com 2019-10-21 2019-10-21 01:50:00
vaishusawant143#gmail.com 2019-10-21 2019-10-21 01:35:00
you#example.com 2019-10-21 2019-10-21 01:55:00
You need to redo your dictionary and build rows to properly infer the schema.
import datetime
from pyspark.sql import Row
data_dict = {
'prathameshsalap#gmail.com': {
'Date': datetime.date(2019, 10, 21),
'idle_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 21, 1, 50)
},
'vaishusawant143#gmail.com': {
'Date': datetime.date(2019, 10, 21),
'idle_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 21, 1, 35)
},
'you#example.com': {
'Date': datetime.date(2019, 10, 21),
'idle_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 21, 1, 55)
}
}
data_as_rows = [Row(**{'user_name': k, **v}) for k,v in data_dict.items()]
data_df = spark.createDataFrame(data_as_rows).select('user_name', 'Date', 'idle_time')
data_df.show(truncate=False)
>>>
+-------------------------+----------+-------------------+
|user_name |Date |idle_time |
+-------------------------+----------+-------------------+
|prathameshsalap#gmail.com|2019-10-21|2019-10-21 01:50:00|
|vaishusawant143#gmail.com|2019-10-21|2019-10-21 01:35:00|
|you#example.com |2019-10-21|2019-10-21 01:55:00|
+-------------------------+----------+-------------------+
Note: if you already have the schema prepared and don't need to infer, you can just supply the schema to the createDataFrame function:
import pyspark.sql.types as T
schema = T.StructType([
T.StructField('user_name', T.StringType(), False),
T.StructField('Date', T.DateType(), False),
T.StructField('idle_time', T.TimestampType(), False)
])
data_as_tuples = [(k, v['Date'], v['idle_time']) for k,v in data_dict.items()]
data_df = spark.createDataFrame(data_as_tuples, schema=schema)
data_df.show(truncate=False)
>>>
+-------------------------+----------+-------------------+
|user_name |Date |idle_time |
+-------------------------+----------+-------------------+
|prathameshsalap#gmail.com|2019-10-21|2019-10-21 01:50:00|
|vaishusawant143#gmail.com|2019-10-21|2019-10-21 01:35:00|
|you#example.com |2019-10-21|2019-10-21 01:55:00|
+-------------------------+----------+-------------------+
Convert the dictionary to a list of tuples, each tuple will then become a row in Spark DataFrame:
rows = []
for key, value in data.items():
row = (key,value['Date'], value['idle_time'])
rows.append(row)
Define schema for your data:
from pyspark.sql.types import *
sch = StructType([
StructField('user_name', StringType()),
StructField('date', DateType()),
StructField('idle_time', TimestampType())
])
Create the Spark DataFrame:
df = spark.createDataFrame(rows, sch)
df.show()
+--------------------+----------+-------------------+
| user_name| date| idle_time|
+--------------------+----------+-------------------+
|prathameshsalap#g...|2019-10-21|2019-10-21 01:50:00|
|vaishusawant143#g...|2019-10-21|2019-10-21 01:35:00|
| you#example.com|2019-10-21|2019-10-21 01:55:00|
+--------------------+----------+-------------------+
I have 3 CSV files. Each has the first column as the (string) names of people, while all the other columns in each dataframe are attributes of that person.
How can I "join" together all three CSV documents to create a single CSV with each row having all the attributes for each unique value of the person's string name?
The join() function in pandas specifies that I need a multiindex, but I'm confused about what a hierarchical indexing scheme has to do with making a join based on a single index.
Zero's answer is basically a reduce operation. If I had more than a handful of dataframes, I'd put them in a list like this (generated via list comprehensions or loops or whatnot):
dfs = [df0, df1, df2, ..., dfN]
Assuming they have a common column, like name in your example, I'd do the following:
import functools as ft
df_final = ft.reduce(lambda left, right: pd.merge(left, right, on='name'), dfs)
That way, your code should work with whatever number of dataframes you want to merge.
You could try this if you have 3 dataframes
# Merge multiple dataframes
df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 5, 9],
['b', 4, 61],
['c', 24, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr11', 'attr12'])
df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 5, 19],
['b', 14, 16],
['c', 4, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr21', 'attr22'])
df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 15, 49],
['b', 4, 36],
['c', 14, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr31', 'attr32'])
pd.merge(pd.merge(df1,df2,on='name'),df3,on='name')
alternatively, as mentioned by cwharland
df1.merge(df2,on='name').merge(df3,on='name')
This is an ideal situation for the join method
The join method is built exactly for these types of situations. You can join any number of DataFrames together with it. The calling DataFrame joins with the index of the collection of passed DataFrames. To work with multiple DataFrames, you must put the joining columns in the index.
The code would look something like this:
filenames = ['fn1', 'fn2', 'fn3', 'fn4',....]
dfs = [pd.read_csv(filename, index_col=index_col) for filename in filenames)]
dfs[0].join(dfs[1:])
With #zero's data, you could do this:
df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 5, 9],
['b', 4, 61],
['c', 24, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr11', 'attr12'])
df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 5, 19],
['b', 14, 16],
['c', 4, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr21', 'attr22'])
df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 15, 49],
['b', 4, 36],
['c', 14, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr31', 'attr32'])
dfs = [df1, df2, df3]
dfs = [df.set_index('name') for df in dfs]
dfs[0].join(dfs[1:])
attr11 attr12 attr21 attr22 attr31 attr32
name
a 5 9 5 19 15 49
b 4 61 14 16 4 36
c 24 9 4 9 14 9
In python 3.6.3 with pandas 0.22.0 you can also use concat as long as you set as index the columns you want to use for the joining:
pd.concat(
objs=(iDF.set_index('name') for iDF in (df1, df2, df3)),
axis=1,
join='inner'
).reset_index()
where df1, df2, and df3 are defined as in John Galt's answer:
import pandas as pd
df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 5, 9],
['b', 4, 61],
['c', 24, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr11', 'attr12']
)
df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 5, 19],
['b', 14, 16],
['c', 4, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr21', 'attr22']
)
df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 15, 49],
['b', 4, 36],
['c', 14, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr31', 'attr32']
)
This can also be done as follows for a list of dataframes df_list:
df = df_list[0]
for df_ in df_list[1:]:
df = df.merge(df_, on='join_col_name')
or if the dataframes are in a generator object (e.g. to reduce memory consumption):
df = next(df_list)
for df_ in df_list:
df = df.merge(df_, on='join_col_name')
Simple Solution:
If the column names are similar:
df1.merge(df2,on='col_name').merge(df3,on='col_name')
If the column names are different:
df1.merge(df2,left_on='col_name1', right_on='col_name2').merge(df3,left_on='col_name1', right_on='col_name3').drop(columns=['col_name2', 'col_name3']).rename(columns={'col_name1':'col_name'})
Here is a method to merge a dictionary of data frames while keeping the column names in sync with the dictionary. Also it fills in missing values if needed:
This is the function to merge a dict of data frames
def MergeDfDict(dfDict, onCols, how='outer', naFill=None):
keys = dfDict.keys()
for i in range(len(keys)):
key = keys[i]
df0 = dfDict[key]
cols = list(df0.columns)
valueCols = list(filter(lambda x: x not in (onCols), cols))
df0 = df0[onCols + valueCols]
df0.columns = onCols + [(s + '_' + key) for s in valueCols]
if (i == 0):
outDf = df0
else:
outDf = pd.merge(outDf, df0, how=how, on=onCols)
if (naFill != None):
outDf = outDf.fillna(naFill)
return(outDf)
OK, lets generates data and test this:
def GenDf(size):
df = pd.DataFrame({'categ1':np.random.choice(a=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], size=size, replace=True),
'categ2':np.random.choice(a=['A', 'B'], size=size, replace=True),
'col1':np.random.uniform(low=0.0, high=100.0, size=size),
'col2':np.random.uniform(low=0.0, high=100.0, size=size)
})
df = df.sort_values(['categ2', 'categ1', 'col1', 'col2'])
return(df)
size = 5
dfDict = {'US':GenDf(size), 'IN':GenDf(size), 'GER':GenDf(size)}
MergeDfDict(dfDict=dfDict, onCols=['categ1', 'categ2'], how='outer', naFill=0)
One does not need a multiindex to perform join operations.
One just need to set correctly the index column on which to perform the join operations (which command df.set_index('Name') for example)
The join operation is by default performed on index.
In your case, you just have to specify that the Name column corresponds to your index.
Below is an example
A tutorial may be useful.
# Simple example where dataframes index are the name on which to perform
# the join operations
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
name = ['Sophia' ,'Emma' ,'Isabella' ,'Olivia' ,'Ava' ,'Emily' ,'Abigail' ,'Mia']
df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 3), columns=['A','B','C'], index=name)
df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 1), columns=['D'], index=name)
df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 2), columns=['E','F'], index=name)
df = df1.join(df2)
df = df.join(df3)
# If you have a 'Name' column that is not the index of your dataframe,
# one can set this column to be the index
# 1) Create a column 'Name' based on the previous index
df1['Name'] = df1.index
# 1) Select the index from column 'Name'
df1 = df1.set_index('Name')
# If indexes are different, one may have to play with parameter how
gf1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 3), columns=['A','B','C'], index=range(8))
gf2 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 1), columns=['D'], index=range(2,10))
gf3 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 2), columns=['E','F'], index=range(4,12))
gf = gf1.join(gf2, how='outer')
gf = gf.join(gf3, how='outer')
There is another solution from the pandas documentation (that I don't see here),
using the .append
>>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], columns=list('AB'))
A B
0 1 2
1 3 4
>>> df2 = pd.DataFrame([[5, 6], [7, 8]], columns=list('AB'))
A B
0 5 6
1 7 8
>>> df.append(df2, ignore_index=True)
A B
0 1 2
1 3 4
2 5 6
3 7 8
The ignore_index=True is used to ignore the index of the appended dataframe, replacing it with the next index available in the source one.
If there are different column names, Nan will be introduced.
I tweaked the accepted answer to perform the operation for multiple dataframes on different suffix parameters using reduce and i guess it can be extended to different on parameters as well.
from functools import reduce
dfs_with_suffixes = [(df2,suffix2), (df3,suffix3),
(df4,suffix4)]
merge_one = lambda x,y,sfx:pd.merge(x,y,on=['col1','col2'..], suffixes=sfx)
merged = reduce(lambda left,right:merge_one(left,*right), dfs_with_suffixes, df1)
df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 5, 9],
['b', 4, 61],
['c', 24, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr11', 'attr12']
)
df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 5, 19],
['d', 14, 16]]
),
columns=['name', 'attr21', 'attr22']
)
df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 15, 49],
['c', 4, 36],
['d', 14, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr31', 'attr32']
)
df4 = pd.DataFrame(np.array([
['a', 15, 49],
['c', 4, 36],
['c', 14, 9]]),
columns=['name', 'attr41', 'attr42']
)
Three ways to join list dataframe
pandas.concat
dfs = [df1, df2, df3]
dfs = [df.set_index('name') for df in dfs]
# cant not run if index not unique
dfs = pd.concat(dfs, join='outer', axis = 1)
functools.reduce
dfs = [df1, df2, df3, df4]
# still run with index not unique
import functools as ft
df_final = ft.reduce(lambda left, right: pd.merge(left, right, on='name', how = 'outer'), dfs)
join
# cant not run if index not unique
dfs = [df1, df2, df3]
dfs = [df.set_index('name') for df in dfs]
dfs[0].join(dfs[1:], how = 'outer')
Joining together all three can be done using .join() function.
You have three DataFrames lets say
df1, df2, df3.
To join these into one DataFrame you can:
df = df1.join(df2).join(df3)
This is the simplest way I found to do this task.
I have a Dataframe like this (in Pyspark 2.3.1):
from pyspark.sql import Row
my_data = spark.createDataFrame([
Row(a=[9, 3, 4], b=['a', 'b', 'c'], mask=[True, False, False]),
Row(a=[7, 2, 6, 4], b=['w', 'x', 'y', 'z'], mask=[True, False, True, False])
])
my_data.show(truncate=False)
#+------------+------------+--------------------------+
#|a |b |mask |
#+------------+------------+--------------------------+
#|[9, 3, 4] |[a, b, c] |[true, false, false] |
#|[7, 2, 6, 4]|[w, x, y, z]|[true, false, true, false]|
#+------------+------------+--------------------------+
Now I'd like to use the mask column in order to subset the a and b columns:
my_desired_output = spark.createDataFrame([
Row(a=[9], b=['a']),
Row(a=[7, 6], b=['w', 'y'])
])
my_desired_output.show(truncate=False)
#+------+------+
#|a |b |
#+------+------+
#|[9] |[a] |
#|[7, 6]|[w, y]|
#+------+------+
What's the "idiomatic" way to achieve this? The current solution I have involves map-ing over the underlying RDD and subsetting with Numpy, which seems inelegant:
import numpy as np
def subset_with_mask(row):
mask = np.asarray(row.mask)
a_masked = np.asarray(row.a)[mask].tolist()
b_masked = np.asarray(row.b)[mask].tolist()
return Row(a=a_masked, b=b_masked)
my_desired_output = spark.createDataFrame(my_data.rdd.map(subset_with_mask))
Is this the best way to go, or is there something better (less verbose and/or more efficient) I can do using Spark SQL tools?
One option is to use a UDF, which you can optionally specialize by the data type in the array:
import numpy as np
import pyspark.sql.functions as F
import pyspark.sql.types as T
def _mask_list(lst, mask):
return np.asarray(lst)[mask].tolist()
mask_array_int = F.udf(_mask_list, T.ArrayType(T.IntegerType()))
mask_array_str = F.udf(_mask_list, T.ArrayType(T.StringType()))
my_desired_output = my_data
my_desired_output = my_desired_output.withColumn(
'a', mask_array_int(F.col('a'), F.col('mask'))
)
my_desired_output = my_desired_output.withColumn(
'b', mask_array_str(F.col('b'), F.col('mask'))
)
UDFs mentioned in the previous answer is probably the way to go prior to the array functions added in Spark 2.4. For the sake of completeness, here is a "pure SQL" implementation before 2.4.
from pyspark.sql.functions import *
df = my_data.withColumn("row", monotonically_increasing_id())
df1 = df.select("row", posexplode("a").alias("pos", "a"))
df2 = df.select("row", posexplode("b").alias("pos", "b"))
df3 = df.select("row", posexplode("mask").alias("pos", "mask"))
df1\
.join(df2, ["row", "pos"])\
.join(df3, ["row", "pos"])\
.filter("mask")\
.groupBy("row")\
.agg(collect_list("a").alias("a"), collect_list("b").alias("b"))\
.select("a", "b")\
.show()
Output:
+------+------+
| a| b|
+------+------+
|[7, 6]|[w, y]|
| [9]| [a]|
+------+------+
A better way to do this is to use pyspark.sql.functions.expr, filter, and transform:
import pandas as pd
from pyspark.sql import (
functions as F,
SparkSession
)
spark = SparkSession.builder.master('local[4]').getOrCreate()
bool_df = pd.DataFrame([
['a', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [True]*4 + [False]],
['b', [5, 6, 7, 8, 9], [False, True, False, True, False]]
], columns=['id', 'int_arr', 'bool_arr'])
bool_sdf = spark.createDataFrame(bool_df)
def filter_with_mask(in_col, mask_col, out_name="masked_arr"):
filt_input = f'arrays_zip({in_col}, {mask_col})'
filt_func = f'x -> x.{mask_col}'
trans_func = f'x -> x.{in_col}'
result = F.expr(f'''transform(
filter({filt_input}, {filt_func}), {trans_func}
)''').alias
return result
Using the function:
bool_sdf.select(
'*', filter_with_mask('int_arr', 'bool_arr', bool_sdf)
).toPandas()
Results in:
id int_arr bool_arr masked_arr
a [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] [True, True, True, True, False] [0, 1, 2, 3]
b [5, 6, 7, 8, 9] [False, True, False, True, False] [6, 8]
This should be possible with pyspark >= 2.4.0 and python >= 3.6.