"An error occurred during publish" when using Web Deploy - iis

Question

I'm trying to use Web Deploy to publish my ASP.NET Core application to IIS. The server is Windows 10 Pro. I downloaded version 3.6 as the documentation suggests, and the installer said I had a newer version of Web Deploy already installed.
When I set up a Web Deploy profile in Visual Studio and try to publish using the Publish wizard, I get this error:
An error occurred during publish. Exception calling ".ctor" with "1" argument(s): "Invalid URI: The format of the URI could not be determined."
For reference, here are the profile files (autogenerated by Visual Studio):
Web Deploy.pubxml
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
<PropertyGroup>
<WebPublishMethod>MSDeploy</WebPublishMethod>
<ADUsesOwinOrOpenIdConnect>False</ADUsesOwinOrOpenIdConnect>
<LastUsedBuildConfiguration>Release</LastUsedBuildConfiguration>
<LastUsedPlatform>Any CPU</LastUsedPlatform>
<SiteUrlToLaunchAfterPublish>http://localhost</SiteUrlToLaunchAfterPublish>
<LaunchSiteAfterPublish>True</LaunchSiteAfterPublish>
<ExcludeApp_Data>False</ExcludeApp_Data>
<PublishFramework>netcoreapp1.0</PublishFramework>
<UsePowerShell>True</UsePowerShell>
<EnableMSDeployAppOffline>True</EnableMSDeployAppOffline>
<MSDeployServiceURL>localhost</MSDeployServiceURL>
<DeployIisAppPath>HelloCoreWorld</DeployIisAppPath>
<RemoteSitePhysicalPath />
<SkipExtraFilesOnServer>False</SkipExtraFilesOnServer>
<MSDeployPublishMethod>InProc</MSDeployPublishMethod>
<EnableMSDeployBackup>False</EnableMSDeployBackup>
<UserName />
<_SavePWD>False</_SavePWD>
</PropertyGroup>
</Project>
Web Deploy.ps1
[cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess=$true)]
param($publishProperties=#{}, $packOutput, $pubProfilePath)
# to learn more about this file visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=524327
try{
if ($publishProperties['ProjectGuid'] -eq $null){
$publishProperties['ProjectGuid'] = 'e3328cb4-6ad9-49c1-8eff-52590ec622df'
}
$publishModulePath = Join-Path (Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path) 'publish-module.psm1'
Import-Module $publishModulePath -DisableNameChecking -Force
# call Publish-AspNet to perform the publish operation
Publish-AspNet -publishProperties $publishProperties -packOutput $packOutput -pubProfilePath $pubProfilePath
}
catch{
"An error occurred during publish.`n{0}" -f $_.Exception.Message | Write-Error
}
How should I go about debugging this?