I searched but not found anything can help me.
I have the following C struct:
struct Home {
int num;
int city_ID;
int area_ID;
};
How do I write this in Lua?
Thanks in advance.
Tables is the closest thing to a struct that you get in Lua:
local s = {}
s.num = 2
s.city_id = 234
s.area_id = 2345
Now you can use struct syntax on it:
print(s.area_id)
Lua provides tables, which can be used as dynamic structs, in which fields are added dynamically.
You could create a table for your example with this code:
s = {
num = 2,
city_id = 234,
area_id = 2345,
}
To access its fields, use s.area_id, etc.
Read Lua 5.3 reference manual.
You'll either use tables or (for struct-s implemented by some C code!) userdata.
Related
I'm running into a disconnect between the online documentation and the behavior I see in my programs accessing C structs within GO code. go version says I am using:
go version go1.4.2 linux/amd64
According to the GO CGO documentation:
Within the Go file, C's struct field names that are keywords in Go can be
accessed by prefixing them with an underscore: if x points at a C struct with
a field named "type", x._type accesses the field. C struct fields that cannot
be expressed in Go, such as bit fields or misaligned data, are omitted in the
Go struct, replaced by appropriate padding to reach the next field or the end
of the struct.
I had troubles with this, so made a quick sample program to test it out:
package main
// struct rec
// {
// int i;
// double d;
// char* s;
// };
import "C"
import "fmt"
func main() {
s := "hello world"
r := C.struct_rec{}
r.i = 9
r.d = 9.876
r.s = C.CString(s)
fmt.Printf("\n\tr.i: %d\n\tr.d: %f\n\tr.s: %s\n",
r.i,
r.d,
C.GoString(r.s))
}
When I use underscores as the docs indicate (eg, substitute r._i for r.i above) I get the following compile error:
r._i undefined (type C.struct_rec has no field or method _i)
When I don't use underscores it works fine. I tried this with both pointers and non-pointers. The only other idea I can think of is that maybe it's because I allocated the instances in GO rather than C, is that the case??
Thanks for any help!
The answer is in the very quote you have in your question:
Within the Go file, C's struct field names that are keywords in Go can be accessed by prefixing them with an underscore(…)
i, d, and s are not keywords in Go.
I was trying to make a simple struct to hold character stats.
This is what I came up with:
struct cStats
{
int nStrength;
int nIntelligence;
int nMedical;
int nSpeech;
int nAim;
};
cStats mainchar;
mainchar.nStrength = 10;
mainchar.nIntelligence = 10;
mainchar.nMedical = 10;
mainchar.nSpeech = 10;
mainchar.nAim = 10;
The mainchar. part is underlined red in visual studio, and when I mouse over it it shows this:
Error: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier
Any explanation of why it's doing this, and what I should be doing to fix it would be appreciated.
If this is C you should tag your question as such. cStats is a structure tag, not a type specifier. You need to declare mainchar as:
struct cStats mainchar;
If you wanted to use cStats as a type specifier you would define it as:
typedef struct
{
int nStrength;
int nIntelligence;
int nMedical;
int nSpeech;
int nAim;
} cStats;
If you did that your cStats mainchar would work.
Note that in C, char and character mean “ASCII alphanumeric character”, not “character in a play or game”. I suggest coming up with a different term for your program.
Another bit of advice; do not prefix your names with their data type; like nStrength for integer Strength. The compiler will tell you if you get your data types wrong, and if you ever need to change a type, for example to float nStrength to handle fractional Strengths, changing the name will be a big problem.
main(){
mainchar.nStrength = 10;
mainchar.nIntelligence = 10;
mainchar.nMedical = 10;
mainchar.nSpeech = 10;
mainchar.nAim = 10;}
These initialization should be written within the main() function.
Or else, write a init function and call it from main function.
I've spent some time looking for some alternative to handle generic objects, I've seen questions similar to mine, but not as specific I suppose?
Protocol buffers has multiple scalar types that I can use, however they are mostly primitive.
I want my message to be flexible and be able to have a field that is a List of some sort.
Let's say my .proto file looked like this:
message SomeMessage
{
string datetime = 1;
message inputData // This would be a list
{
repeated Object object = 1;
}
message Object
{
? // this need to be of a generic type - This is my question
// My work around - Using extentions with some Object
//List all primitive scalar types as optional and create an extension 100 to max;
}
message someObject //some random entity - for example, employee/company etc.
{
optional string name = 1; optional int32 id = 2;
}
extend Object
{
optional someObject obj = 101;
}
}
And this would be fine, and would work, and I'd have a List where Objects could be of any primitive type or could be List < someObject >.
However- The problem here, is that any time I needed to handle a new type of object, I'd need to edit my .proto file, recompile for C# and java (The languages I need it for)...
If protocol buffers is not able to handle generic object types, is there another alternative that can?
Any help on this matter is greatly appreciated.
As Marc Gravell stated above - Protocol Buffers do not handle generics or inheritance.
Though I am late, just for the sake of new audience,
you can use bytes in place of object and that can be any object which you can serialize/de-serialize.
It IS possible to achieve generic message functionality but still adding new types will require rebuilding proto classes.
You use wrapper class
message Wrapper {
extensions 1000 to max;
required uint32 type = 1;
}
Then add some types
message Foo {
extend Wrapper {
optional Foo item = 1000;
}
optional int attr1_of_foo = 1;
optional int attr2_of_foo = 2;
optional int attr3_of_foo = 3;
}
message Bar {
extend Wrapper {
optional Bar item = 1001;
}
optional int attr1_of_bar = 1;
optional int attr2_of_bar = 2;
optional int attr3_of_bar = 3;
}
See how we extending Wrapper class in classes that we want to be stored by Wrapper class using extension.
Now, example of creating Foo wrapped object. I'm using Python, since it's most condensed form. Other languages can do the same.
wrapper = Wrapper()
wrapper.type = Foo.ITEM_FIELD_NUMBER
foo = wrapper.Extensions[Foo.item]
foo.attr1_of_foo = 1
foo.attr2_of_foo = 2
foo.attr3_of_foo = 3
data = wrapper.SerializeToString()
And example of deserializing
wrapper = Wrapper()
wrapper.ParseFromString(data)
if wrapper.type == Foo.ITEM_FIELD_NUMBER:
foo = wrapper.Extensions[Foo.item]
elif wrapper.type == Bar.ITEM_FIELD_NUMBER:
bar = wrapper.Extensions[Bar.item]
else:
raise Exception('Unrecognized wrapped type: %s' % wrapper.type)
Now, because you want generic collection, make Wrapper a repeated field of other message and voilà.
Of course it's not complete solution, this architecture will need some more packaging to make it easy to use. For more information read about Protobuf extensions, especially nested ones (https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto#nested) or google about item marshalling.
Here is the protobuf 3 definition of Struct which basically uses oneof to define such "generic" message type.
I have created a LIST using sys/queue.h functionality that contains
struct stInside{
int a;
int b;
};
struct stOutside{
struct stInside in;
LIST_ENTRY(stOutside) outq;
};
LIST_HEAD(stOutsideHead, stOutside) head = LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head);
struct stOutsideHead *headPtr;
struct stOutside *list;
for(int i=0; i < 4; i++){
list = malloc(sizeof(struct stOutside));
list->in.a = i;
list->in.a = i;
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&head, list, outq);
}
I would like to know How & What to use in order to sort this list based on the a field of the struct stInside. Are there any specific MACROS that could do the job? I saw a
#define LIST_SORT_PROTOTYPE(name, type, field, cmp) \
QHELPER_SORT_PROTOTYPE(LIST, name, type, field, cmp)
in sys/queue.h but I don't understand how it's working.
Thank you very much for the sharing and your time.
Look at this example. It uses SLIST and not LIST, but the idea is the same.
Basically you use LIST_SORT_PROTOTYPE(...) wherever you would use a sort function prototype, LIST_SORT_GENERATE(...) wherever you would use a sort function definition, and LIST_SORT(...) wherever you would call that function.
I would like to use Boost Phoenix to generate a lambda function for use in a std::find_if operation on a structure that contains reference-type members. A contrived example is as follows:
struct MyStruct
{
MyStruct() : x(0) {}
int& x;
};
std::vector<MyStruct> AllStructs;
// Search the array for an element for which x == 5
const std::vector<MyStruct>::const_iterator& it =
find_if(
AllStructs.begin(),
AllStructs.end(),
bind(&MyStruct::x, arg1) == 5
);
If MyStruct::x is of type int instead of int&, it compiles fine. But with the reference member I get a "pointer to reference member is illegal" error.
From poking around on the net, it seems like I need to use Phoenix's 'ref' functionality, but I can't seem to figure out the required syntax.
Does anyone know how to get this to work for type 'int&' ?
Sorry that this is far too late, but for future reference, you can use a member pointer:
std::vector<MyStruct>::const_iterator it =
find_if(AllStructs.begin(), AllStructs.end(),
(&boost::phoenix::arg_names::arg1)->*&MyStruct::x == 5
);
You cannot create a pointer to a reference member, just as you cannot create a pointer to a reference. The answer from Daniel James could work only if x was a plain int, rather than int&. See phoenix.modules.operator.member_pointer_operator also.