This is code for BLE pairing. it's working on Bluetooth refreshing from windows 10 setting at every time.
DevicePairingKinds ceremoniesSelected = DevicePairingKinds.ConfirmOnly | DevicePairingKinds.DisplayPin | DevicePairingKinds.ProvidePin | DevicePairingKinds.ConfirmPinMatch;
DevicePairingProtectionLevel protectionLevel = DevicePairingProtectionLevel.Default;
DeviceInformationCustomPairing customPairing = deviceInfoDisp.DeviceInformation.Pairing.Custom;
customPairing.PairingRequested += PairingRequestedHandler;
DevicePairingResult result = await customPairing.PairAsync(ceremoniesSelected, protectionLevel);
customPairing.PairingRequested -= PairingRequestedHandler;
Related
I have the following code in micropython that is running on my Espressif ESP32-PICO-KIT. To this I have attached a WaveShare 1.54" ePaper display (supporting red color).
When I reach the last line the display updates in waves, but I only get white-red noise on the display.
I'm using the driver from mcauser/micropython-waveshare-epaper on Github.
This is my code:
from machine import Pin, SoftSPI
import epaper1in54b
miso = Pin(19)
sck = Pin(18) # yellow
mosi = Pin(23) # white
cs = Pin(5) # green
dc = Pin(25) # gray
rst = Pin(21) # orange
busy = Pin(19) # gray
spi = SoftSPI(baudrate=20000000, polarity=0, phase=0, sck=sck, mosi=mosi, miso=miso)
e = epaper1in54b.EPD(spi, cs, dc, rst, busy)
e.init()
w = 200
h = 200
x = 0
y = 0
import framebuf
buf = bytearray(w * h // 8)
fb = framebuf.FrameBuffer(buf, w, h, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
black = 0
white = 1
red = 2
fb.fill(white)
fb.text('Hello world!', 0, 0,black)
e.display_frame(buf,None)
The result
Update:
I'm using MicroPython v1.16 on 2021-06-18; ESP32 module with ESP32.
Please note that I did file a new issue in the mcauser/micropython-waveshare-epaper repository.
Don't know anything about your Espressif ESP32-PICO-KIT, but the v4 datasheet says: "USB-UART bridge Single-chip USB-UART bridge: CP2102 in V4 provides up to 1 Mbps transfer rates and CP2102N in V4.1 offers up to 3 Mbps transfers rates."
The 20,000,000 value you have in SoftSPI looks VERY suspicious. Did you mean 2,000,000?
Edit: I just realied this isn't using USB-UART, rather SDIO/SPI. So, those rate limits above aren't relevant.
I am currently trying to use the WINSOCK 2 API in order to discover available Bluetooth devices near by. I am using code which is based on a Microsoft example which can be found here.
I am mainly using WSALookupServiceNext to iterate through the available devices. The issue is that I only get a list of previous paired Bluetooth devices, and I am not seeing any other devices. I added some code in order to print device information:
*********************
Winsock search started!
*********************
Device #:1
Device name:MagicBox II
Device connected: 0
Device remembered: 1
Device authenticated: 1
Remote Bluetooth device is 0x00025b3dc371, server channel = 0
Local Bluetooth device is 0x84ef18b8460a, server channel = 0
Device #:2
Device name:Mpow Flame
Device connected: 0
Device remembered: 1
Device authenticated: 1
Remote Bluetooth device is 0x501801101c68, server channel = 0
Local Bluetooth device is 0x84ef18b8460a, server channel = 0
Device #:3
Device name:WH-1000XM2
Device connected: 0
Device remembered: 1
Device authenticated: 1
Remote Bluetooth device is 0x702605aba41d, server channel = 0
Local Bluetooth device is 0x84ef18b8460a, server channel = 0
Device #:4
Device name:Magicbuds
Device connected: 0
Device remembered: 1
Device authenticated: 1
Remote Bluetooth device is 0x5017032a701b, server channel = 0
Local Bluetooth device is 0x84ef18b8460a, server channel = 0
Here is the corresponding code section, ( I did call WSAStartup beforehand):
void WSALookupAvailableDevices(void)
{
WSAQUERYSET wsaQuery{};
LPWSAQUERYSET pwsaResults{};
HANDLE hLookup{};
CSADDR_INFO *pAddrInfo{};
SOCKADDR_BTH *pBtSockRemote{},
*pBtSockLocal{};
char buffer[4096] = {};
int nDevicesFound = 1;
DWORD swSize = sizeof(buffer);
DWORD flags = LUP_RETURN_ADDR | LUP_RETURN_NAME | LUP_RES_SERVICE | LUP_CONTAINERS | LUP_RETURN_BLOB | LUP_RETURN_TYPE;
/*Preparing the query set*/
wsaQuery.dwNameSpace = NS_BTH;
wsaQuery.dwSize = sizeof(WSAQUERYSET);
if (WSALookupServiceBegin(&wsaQuery, flags, &hLookup) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
wprintf(L"Shit something went wrong! error: %d!\n", WSAGetLastError());
return;
}
wprintf(L"*********************\n");
wprintf(L"Winsock search started!\n");
wprintf(L"*********************\n\n");
/*Preparing the queryset return buffer*/
pwsaResults = (LPWSAQUERYSET)buffer;
pwsaResults->dwNameSpace = NS_BTH;
pwsaResults->dwSize = sizeof(WSAQUERYSET);
while (WSALookupServiceNext(hLookup, flags, &swSize, pwsaResults) == NO_ERROR)
{
pAddrInfo = (CSADDR_INFO*)pwsaResults->lpcsaBuffer;
pBtSockRemote = (SOCKADDR_BTH*)(pwsaResults->lpcsaBuffer->RemoteAddr.lpSockaddr);
pBtSockLocal = (SOCKADDR_BTH*)(pwsaResults->lpcsaBuffer->LocalAddr.lpSockaddr);
wprintf(L"Device #:%d\n", nDevicesFound);
wprintf(L"Device name:%s\n", pwsaResults->lpszServiceInstanceName);
wprintf(L"Device connected: %d\n", (pwsaResults->dwOutputFlags & BTHNS_RESULT_DEVICE_CONNECTED));
wprintf(L"Device remembered: %d\n", (pwsaResults->dwOutputFlags & BTHNS_RESULT_DEVICE_REMEMBERED)>0);
wprintf(L"Device authenticated: %d\n", (pwsaResults->dwOutputFlags & BTHNS_RESULT_DEVICE_AUTHENTICATED)>0);
wprintf(L"Remote Bluetooth device is 0x%04x%08x, server channel = %d\n",
GET_NAP(pBtSockRemote->btAddr), GET_SAP(pBtSockRemote->btAddr), pBtSockRemote->port);
wprintf(L"Local Bluetooth device is 0x%04x%08x, server channel = %d\n",
GET_NAP(pBtSockLocal->btAddr), GET_SAP(pBtSockLocal->btAddr), pBtSockLocal->port);
nDevicesFound++;
}
WSALookupServiceEnd(hLookup);
wprintf(L"\n");
}
Thanks for the help in advance!
LUP_FLUSHCACHE is what you need. And yes, it will always return paired device (in addition to discovered). I mean that if device paired WSALookup returns it in the list even it is not available (turned off or out of range).
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/bluetooth/bluetooth-and-wsalookupservicebegin-for-device-inquiry
DWORD flags = LUP_RETURN_ADDR | LUP_RETURN_NAME | LUP_RES_SERVICE | LUP_CONTAINERS | LUP_RETURN_BLOB | LUP_RETURN_TYPE | LUP_FLUSHCACHE;
But the best way to discover devices is to use this flags set.
DWORD flags = LUP_RETURN_ADDR | LUP_CONTAINERS | LUP_FLUSHCACHE;
Also it is good idea to provide additional information (BTH_QUERY_DEVICE) so you can set discovering timeout and other params
BTH_QUERY_DEVICE qDev;
qDev.LAP = 0;
qDev.length = bTimeout; // Timeout in seconds
BLOB Blb;
Blb.cbSize = sizeof(BTH_QUERY_DEVICE);
Blb.pBlobData = (PBYTE)&qDev;
QuerySet.lpBlob = &Blb;
https://learn.microsoft.com/th-th/windows/desktop/api/ws2bth/ns-ws2bth-_bth_query_device
After discovering completed (please note that WSALookupServiceBegin takes time (blocks) until discovering finished) you can use BluetoothGetDeviceInfo to get extended information such as device's name and other info.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/bluetoothapis/nf-bluetoothapis-bluetoothgetdeviceinfo
You should know that because of some Bluetooth limitations name resolution can be executed only after discovering completed. And this operation may take time. So if you call to BluetoothGetDeviceInfo right after discovering completed you can still get empty device name for new discovered devices (devices that was not previouslt discovered).
There is not easy way to resolve this issue except switch to WinRT API or wait for some time before reading device name. You also can use WM_DEVICECHANGE message to get notification about device name resolution
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/bluetooth/bluetooth-and-wm-devicechange-messages
And there is one more problem: MS stack always returnsd paired devices during discovering even they are not available.
I am creating a Solar Array Simulator with python to simulate the voltage and current being created with different angles and intensities of sunlight as a satellite orbits around the earth. I have a very simple program that outputs the voltage and current just with the angle (no orbiting parameters yet). However, I need it to communicate the outputs generated with a E4350B model solar array simulator through a serial port, and I don't know where to start. I have installed pip and used that to install PySerial but do not know what to do from there. How do I communicate the voltage and amp outputs to the simulator through COM ports? Here is what I have for my program that runs the simulator.
from math import sin,radians,pi
import time
'''Needed information:
Voc (per one cell) = 2,680mV
Vmp (per one cell = 2,325mV
Isc (per one cell) = 453mA
Imp (per one cell) = 434mA
angular velocity = .05d/s'''
#Timer eclipse set for total eclipse tim ein seconds
timeEclipse = 1800
#total eclipse time = 30 mins
#Timer sun set for how many seconds it takes to change one degree
timeSun = 20
#Total sun exposer time = 60 mins
#Find the Vmp, Voc, Imp, and Isc from Beta angles 0 - 180
def Exposure():
tSun = timeSun
for x in range(0,181):
angle = sin(radians(x))
Voc = 2680 * angle
Vmp = 2325 * angle
#Amps are going to be a function of voltage
Isc = 453 * angle
Imp = 434 * angle
#
print('At angle ',x,' Vmp = ',Vmp,
'mV, Voc = ',Voc,'mV, Isc = ',Isc,'mA, and Imp = ',Imp,'mA')
time.sleep(tSun)
#Simulate time during eclipse
#Outputs nothing
def Eclipse():
tEclipse = timeEclipse
time.sleep(tEclipse)
#Run loop through Exposure and eclipse
def Run():
run = True
while(run):
Exposure()
Eclipse()
P.S. For anybody who dabbles in a little bit of physics, I need a way to find the current as a function of the voltage at every angle.
I'm using an "adafruitts" touchscreen with a raspi to control a usb peripheral.
The full raspbian kernel takes forever to boot (50 seconds), and part of that is due to the touchscreen driver loading (by modprobe/udev) and initializing.
During the first 20-30 seconds of boot, the display is not loaded, so it is blank. I need this to be a user-friendly item that cannot be blank for 30 seconds each time it is turned on, so I've used buildroot to build a small kernel with the touchscreen driver built-in. (I am on a steep learning curve with buildroot and kernel building in general).
The display driver is fbtft_device.c patched to include the adafruitts display. This patch defines the "touch" half:
/* Touch device spi-half of adafruit touchscreen */
.name = "adafruitts",
.spi = &(struct spi_board_info) {
.modalias = "stmpe610",
.max_speed_hz = 500000,
.mode = SPI_MODE_0,
.chip_select = 1,
.platform_data = &(struct stmpe_platform_data) {
.blocks = STMPE_BLOCK_TOUCHSCREEN | STMPE_BLOCK_GPIO,
.irq_over_gpio = 1,
.irq_gpio = 24,
.irq_trigger = IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING,
.irq_base = GPIO_IRQ_START + GPIO_IRQS,
.ts = &(struct stmpe_ts_platform_data) {
.sample_time = 4,
.mod_12b = 1,
.ref_sel = 0,
.adc_freq = 2,
.ave_ctrl = 3,
.touch_det_delay = 4,
.settling = 2,
.fraction_z = 7,
.i_drive = 0,
},
}
},
.is_support = 1,
.gpio_settings = (struct gpio_setting []) {
{
.gpio = 24,
.pull = pull_up,
}
},
.gpio_num_settings = 1,
},
and the LCD half:
}, {
/* LCD component of adafruit touchscreen */
.name = "adafruitts",
.spi = &(struct spi_board_info) {
.modalias = "fb_ili9340",
.max_speed_hz = 16000000,
.mode = SPI_MODE_0,
.chip_select = 0,
.platform_data = &(struct fbtft_platform_data) {
.display = {
.buswidth = 8,
.backlight = 1,
},
.bgr = true,
.gpios = (const struct fbtft_gpio []) {
{ "dc", 25 },
{},
},
}
}
}, {
by including:
fbtft_device.name=adafruitts
in the cmdline.txt for the boot loader, I've gotten the display half of the system to work (it boots in ~ 5 seconds :) ) with tinyX/matchbox desktop showing the desktop, but I cannot get the touchscreen part to work (the cursor does not move when I touch the screeen).
Somehow I have to bind the touch part of the touchscreen to tinyX, but I have not been able to figure out how to do this.
I have tried to specify the keyboard (and mouse) when launching tinyX:
X -keybd smpte610 (for example)
but X reports it cannot find the driver.
How can I verify the touch screen input device was successfully loaded?
The boot log has these messages about fbtft_device:
fbtft_device: SPI devices registered:
fbtft_device: spidev spi0.0 500kHz 8 bits mode=0x00
fbtft_device: spidev spi0.1 500kHz 8 bits mode=0x00
fbtft_device: 'fb' Platform devices registered:
fbtft_device: bcm2708_fb id=-1 pdata? no
fbtft_device: Deleting spi0.1 (spi0.1)
fbtft_device: Looking at item 0
fbtft_device: Setting pin 24 to 2
stmpe-spi: probe of spi0.1 failed with error -22
fbtft_device: Deleting spi0.0 (spi0.0)
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 40x30
graphics fb0: fb_ili9340 frame buffer, 320x240, 150 KiB video memory, 16 KiB buffer memory, fps=20, spi0.0 at 16 MHz
fbtft_device: GPIOS used by 'adafruitts':
fbtft_device: 'dc' = GPIO25
fbtft_device: SPI devices registered:
fbtft_device: stmpe610 spi0.1 48000kHz 8 bits mode=0x00
fbtft_device: fb_ili9340 spi0.0 16000kHz 8 bits mode=0x00
kgdb: Registered I/O driver kgdboc.
Is the kgdb message associated with fbtft_device or something else?
If I look in /dev/input I see: event0, event1, and mice. event0 and event1 are associated with an attached keyboard (according to the boot log) and I have no mouse attached. Should there be some other items in input?
If the touch screen input device IS loaded, how to I specify the correct driver for tinyX?
Thanks
What I learned:
By comparing the boot messages in my modprobe/udev/module loading kernel with the fast built-in kernel, it shows:
stmpe-spi: probe of spi0.1 failed with error -22
is a "bad" thing.
A successful driver load will say (something like):
bcm2708_spi.0: registered child spi0.0
and then later:
input: stmpe-ts as /devices/virtual/input/input0
I fixed the "probe" failure by making these changes to my kernel configuration file. (Sorry, I don't want to include the whole thing, so these are the changes from when I had the issue to when the driver successfully loaded according to the syslog):
< Touch Did Not respond > Touch Did respond
> CONFIG_INPUT_FF_MEMLESS=y
< CONFIG_INPUT_POLLDEV=m > CONFIG_INPUT_POLLDEV=y
< CONFIG_INPUT_EVDEV=m > CONFIG_INPUT_EVDEV=y
< CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_STMPE=m > CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_STMPE=y
> CONFIG_KEYBOARD_STMPE=y
< CONFIG_SERIO=m > CONFIG_SERIO_SERPORT=m
> CONFIG_SPI_DEBUG=y
< CONFIG_SPI_SPIDEV=y
> CONFIG_SPI_GPIO=y
My main objective with these changes was to try to make sure that the dependent drivers were also built-in, and I enabled the debug. (Some of these were magically set by menuconfig, and this is diff from the "non-default" values from buildroot, so the diff is - different)
With this config, I now have event0, event1, event2, mice, and mouse0. The syslog says event1 and event2 are associated with the usb keyboard I have attached. I have no extra mouse attached.
I could use "evtest" to see events from /dev/input/event0 whenever I touched the display. evtest'ing /dev/input/mouse0 threw "Inappropriate ioctl for device"
I restarted X (tinyX) using:
X -mouse mouse,,/dev/input/mouse0
and touches worked, but the touch axis is rotated from the display axis.
I could not figure out a way to fix this in tinyX, so I'm going with a full blown Xorg implementation.
Make sure you have enabled the evdev input support in tinyx (BR2_PACKAGE_XSERVER_XORG_SERVER_KDRIVE_EVDEV) and use the syntax specified in hw/kdrive/src/kinput.c:
/*
* You can call your kdriver server with something like:
* $ ./hw/kdrive/yourserver/X :1 -mouse evdev,,device=/dev/input/event4 -keybd
* evdev,,device=/dev/input/event1,xkbmodel=abnt2,xkblayout=br
*/
I tried to interface a RaspBerry pi with a LM335 temperature sensor this week-end. I'm using a MCP 3208 micro controller (channel 0) to interface the sensor. My goal is to collect samples data in SPI mode with python 3 scripts (classes).
I've checked the wiring and everything seems OK for me, I'but I'am a beginner, not really aware of Electronic concepts.
On the software side , I've installed quick2wire that claims to be python 3 compatible. In fact I want to lead the micro-controller with Python 3 API's (not thru shell calls)
Components
Raspberry pi REV2 model B with Rasbian-wheezy / Quick2wire installed. /dev/spix.y devices are listed.
MCP3208 ADC : 12 bits ADC / SPI. I'm using CS0 from the GPIO. The sensor is connected to channel 0 (B). see datasheet.
LM335 : temperature sensor. Outputs 10mV / °K. Min 5muA / Max 5 mA. It's connected to the MCP3208 channel #0 (A). see datasheet
220 ohms resistor (C). set up regarding LM335 outputs and desired temperature range coverage with my own calculations : May be a problem ...
Schematics extract
The LM335 (zener diode like) is connected as :
Wiring
Components are wired as shown bellow. Note that the yellow link is connected behind the cobbler kit on the CS0 SPI channel.
Quick2wire
I use the bellow script to query the CS0/Channel 0 GPIO interface. Unfortunately, I've not found usefull informations on the quick2wire-python-api API's. I've just copy/paste an example found as it was written in the same goal. I'm not sure if it really works :
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from quick2wire.spi import *
import sys, time
try:
channel = int(sys.argv[1])
except:
channel = 0
MCP3208 = SPIDevice(channel, 0)
while True:
try:
response = MCP3208.transaction(writing_bytes(0x41, 0x13), reading(1))
print ("output = %i" % ord(response[0]))
time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
break
The script outputs :
output = 0
output = 0
output = 0
output = 0
output = 0
....
The result is the same with the channel 1 ( with argv = 1)
As the MCP3208 Din (probe output) receives voltage (see bellow) quick2wire should read at 18°C (rawghly my home inside temperature today)
3,3 V / 2^12 = 805 muA as I understand as "digital step"
18°C + 273°C = 291 => 2,91 V on the micro controller Din pin
and then return 2 910 / 0.805 = 3 615
Am I wrong ?
Controls
I've no oscilloscope, the only measures I can read are :
Voltage is 2.529 V at B checkpoint and 0,5 V (+/-5%) on the other MCP3208 channels
Note : the adjust pin is not used on the LM335 so results way not be accurate but voltage is here !
Seems to be a problem on the quick2wire side I think. But which ?
Code
The quick2wire.spi.SPIDevice class lakes of détails on the transfers parameter in terms of structure, content and output response format.
def transaction(self, *transfers):
"""
Perform an SPI I/O transaction.
Arguments:
*transfers -- SPI transfer requests created by one of the reading,
writing, writing_bytes, duplex or duplex_bytes
functions.
Returns: a list of byte sequences, one for each read or duplex
operation performed.
"""
transfer_count = len(transfers)
ioctl_arg = (spi_ioc_transfer*transfer_count)()
# populate array from transfers
for i, transfer in enumerate(transfers):
ioctl_arg[i] = transfers[i].to_spi_ioc_transfer()
ioctl(self.fd, SPI_IOC_MESSAGE(transfer_count), addressof(ioctl_arg))
return [transfer.to_read_bytes() for t in transfers if t.has_read_buf]
Another question :
how to set SPI configuration values like mode, clock speed, bits per word, LSB ... and so on.
Thanks in advance for your help.
I know you probably intend to learn how to use the ADC, an so this isn't really an answer to your question (I will use your very rich post for sure - thanks), but I'm aware of temperature sensors that already pack data in GPIO serial line, that are best suited for the raspberry.
You really have to read this awesome tutorial, if you haven't already.