I need to create my custom linux liveCD. I used this perfect guide to do this.
In few words: I took linux Mint liveCD, mount it, unpack filesysetm.squashfs, edit it with chroot and pack everything back to iso.
I faced with a problem when tried customize grub settings. For example, I want to set GRUB_TIMEOUT to zero. I can edit grub config file, but i can't run update-grub.
voronwe#sul $ sudo chroot edit
sul # mount -t proc none /proc
sul # mount -t sysfs none /sys
sul # mount -t devpts none /dev/pts
sul # export HOME=/root
sul # export LC_ALL=C
sul # update-grub
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a device for / (is /dev mounted?).
And i can't mount boot:
sul # mount boot
mount: can't find boot in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab
sul # cat /etc/fstab
# UNCONFIGURED FSTAB FOR BASE SYSTEM
sul # cat /etc/mtab
binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0
none /proc proc rw 0 0
none /sys sysfs rw 0 0
none /dev/pts devpts rw 0 0
So, do anyone know how can grub configuration be update on liveCD?
I found the way.
There is a file isolinux/isolinux.cfg in the folder, where filesystem.squashfs was unpacked. I delete almost everything to get clear system boot. Minimal necessary settings in this file are:
default livelinux
timeout 0
label livelinux
kernel /casper/vmlinuz
append file=/cdrom/preseed/linuxmint.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash --
Were "timeout" is a GRUB_TIMEOUT * 10. So if you want to wait 1 second in boot menu you should write
timeout 10
Related
1.At the begining
mount | grep home
/dev/sdb1 on /home type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)
2.try to modify
mount -o remount,rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,prjquota /dev/sbd1 /home
3.check it again
mount | grep home
/dev/sdb1 on /home type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)
It doesn' work.
cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Aug 9 15:24:43 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=8f1038a3-6c31-4ce1-a9ef-3d7325e10bef / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=c687eab8-3ddd-4756-b91e-ad562b522f7c /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=7ae72a46-1407-49e6-8669-95bb9e592794 /home xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,prjquota 0 0
UUID=3ccea12f-25d0-437b-9c4b-6ad6a9bd724c /tmp xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=b8ab4016-49bd-4f48-9620-5bda76f4d8b1 /var/log xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=8b9a7ada-3f02-4ee5-8010-ad32a5d7461e swap swap defaults 0 0
I can modify the /etc/fstab then restart machine make it work. But,is there any way I can change the quota configure without reboot?
Quotas
XFS quotas are not a remountable option. The -o quota option must be specified on the initial mount for quotas to be in effect.
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Storage_Administration_Guide/ch06s09.html
BTW if you need to enable quota for root partition /etc/fstab
does not help you only need to tweak kernel boot options
I'm currently trying to make my raspbian boot from a squashFS image through initramfs.
The squashfs image is on file system /dev/mmcblk0p1, so I mount this prior to mounting the Image.
Unfortunately I'm stuck at mounting the SquashFS Image file.
I tried mounting through
mount -o loop
but I always get
mounting /dev/loop0 on /mnt/root failed: No such device
So I tried to mount it through loop manually. The problem is, that mounting the /dev/loop0 fails with the same Error as above.
This is my init so far:
#!/bin/busybox sh
# Mount the /proc and /sys filesystems.
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
#create loop devices
mknod /dev/loop0 b 7 0
mkdir /mnt/root
# Mount the boot partition
mount -o ro /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/boot
sleep 5
# Mount the root FS with losetup
echo "Mounting with losetup"
losetup /dev/loop0 /mnt/boot/SYSTEM
mount /dev/loop0 /mnt/root -t squashfs
echo "Done"
#mount -o ro,loop -t squashfs /mnt/boot/SYSTEM /mnt/root
# Use Fallback mounting failed
if [ ! -e /mnt/root/home ]
then
echo "MOUNTING SDA1"
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/root -t ext4
fi
# Clean up.
umount /proc
umount /sys
umount /mnt/boot
# Boot the real thing.
exec switch_root /mnt/root /sbin/init
Checking
losetup /dev/loop0
tells me, that the squashfs Image has been attached to loop0.
Does somebody know where to start?
I came across your question because I ran into the same thing today while building my own initramfs. I did some more digging and found this:
http://www.silas.net.br/doc.notes/unix/linux/busybox-troubleshooting.html
Then it dawned on me that I hadn't built squashfs into the kernel or loaded the module. After I did that, everything worked!
In case you haven't, make sure your kernel supports squashfs.
I am getting this error when I try to mount my UBIFS filesytem:
mount -o remount,rw /config
UBIFS error (pid 1265): ubifs_parse_options: unrecognized mount option "relatime" or
missing value
The content of my fstab is :
root#drgos:~# cat /etc/fstab
# WARNING: this is an auto generated file, please use uci to set static filesystems
/dev/ubi0_0 /config ubifs ro 0 0
And when I type mount the result is :
root#drgos:~# mount
rootfs on / type rootfs (rw)
none on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
none on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=512k)
none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,mode=600)
/dev/ubi0_0 on /config type ubifs (ro,relatime)
none on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw,relatime)
I do not understand why I have the option relatime since that one is not present in my fstab!
I am using BusyBox v1.11.2 (2014-01-13 09:35:41 CET) multi-call binary.
These options are dependent on the Linux kernel version. relatime is a general mount options. relatime is the default for newer Linux kernels. Other filesystems may quietly ignore unknown options, whereas ubifs is failing. You can try mount -o remount,rw,noatime,norelatime /config. Your mount command shows the /config directory is mounted with relatime; this is information that busybox mount applet collected.
This information is collected with the getmntent_r() function. If busybox is dynamically linked, then the 'C' library may be giving this information as part of the *mnt_opts* string.
The idea with mount -o remount,rw,noatime,norelatime /config is to try and over-ride this information so that UbiFs will be happy with its mount options. The other way is to simply umount and then mount again manually.
umount /config
mount -t ubifs /dev/ubi0_0 /config
This way previous mount information will not be retrieved.
I have been trying to follow instructions on how to increase the tmp directory on our VPS from 512mb to 3gb. I successfully modified the tmpdsksize variable in securetmp to 3072000 and saved it using the vi editor and then I entered these lines into the command line:
/etc/init.d/cpanel stop
/etc/init.d/httpd stop
/etc/init.d/lsws stop
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
umount -l /tmp
umount -l /var/tmp
mv /usr/tmpDSK /usr/tmpDSK_back
/scripts/securetmp
/etc/init.d/cpanel start
/etc/init.d/httpd start
/etc/init.d/lsws start
/etc/init.d/mysql start
This is meant to recreate your tmp directory on the VPA.
However this did not work and I now have no tmp directory. The VPS is working and the problem that led me to try increase the tmp directory size has now been fixed. The original problem was running a large select query on the database. But I am concerned about the lack of the tmp directory as this was not my intention. Is it ok to run without one?
The problem with it not creating one seems to come down to running /scripts/securetmp.
Basically when I run this I get errors so my tmp directory is not recreated. The errors I get are these:
root [~]# /scripts/securetmp
/scripts/securetmp: line 1: !/usr/bin/perl: No such file or directory
/scripts/securetmp: line 7: syntax error near unexpected token `}'
/scripts/securetmp: line 7: `BEGIN { unshift #INC, '/usr/local/cpanel'; }'
root [~]# /scripts/securetmp: line 7: syntax error near unexpected token `}'
Any ideas where I am going wrong? I don't have a ton of Linux experience, it's a case of Google and learn. I am accessing the VPS remotely using Putty. I have Googled around lots but can't find much info on /scripts/securetmp errors. Everywhere that talks about increasing tmp directory size just acts like running that line will work. I did not modify lines 1 and 7 when changing the tmp directory size.
The VPS is running Cent OS 6.3.
Running scripts/securetmp to increase my tmpDSK size didn't work for me either: That script simply deleted the partition so I was left with no tmpDSK!
This is on an Xen VPS server with WHM/cpanel.
After many hours of persistence, I found this post:
How to increase the size of disk space /tmp (/usr/tmpDSK) partition in linux server
Only thing I had to change was:
1.) Stop MySql service and process kill the tailwatchd process.
[root#server ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
[root#server ~]# kill -9 2522
To:
1.) Stop MySql service and process kill the tailwatchd process.
[root#server ~]# /etc/init.d/cpanel stop
[root#server ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
(To start these services again when you've finnished, change the stop to start)
Also at step No. 11
11.)Edit the fstab and replace /tmp entry line with :-
/usr/tmpDSK /tmp ext3 loop,noexec,nosuid,rw 0 0
Here is how to access and edit that pesky etc/fstab with SSH:
To make sure this partition is mounted automatically after every reboot, edit the /etc/fstab and replace /tmp entry line with the following one.
/usr/temp-disk /tmp ext3 rw,noexec,nosuid,loop 0 0
[root#server ~]# pico -w /etc/fstab
You should see something like this:
code:
/dev/hda3 / ext3 defaults,usrquota 1 1
/dev/hda1 /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
/dev/hda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
At the bottom add
code:
/usr/temp-disk /tmp ext3 rw,noexec,nosuid,loop 0 0
While we are at it we are going to secure /dev/shm. Look for the mount line for /dev/shm and change it to the following:
none /dev/shm tmpfs noexec,nosuid 0 0
Umount and remount /dev/shm for the changes to take effect.
[root#server ~]# umount /dev/shm
[root#server ~]# /dev/shm
Hit: Ctrl + x to exit, y to save
Well I didn't quite do that either.
Here is my etc/fstab:
/dev/sda1 / ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 1
none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
none /dev/shm tmpfs noexec,nosuid 0 0
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/usr/tmpDSK /tmp ext3 loop,noexec,nosuid,rw 0 0
/tmp /var/tmp ext3 defaults,bind,noauto 0 0
I already had the /usr/tmpDSK line, so I just replaced that line with the one recommended, leaving the bottom /tmp line intact.
Everything now works great.
My 1G tmpDSK which was 85% full, has now been increased to 2G, and only 7% full.
I also didn't restore the contents of my tmp backup (it was over-full of crudd).
Best to check first though that everything is still working OK - you might have something in that previous tmp file that's needed.
I use following command to mount "/dev/sdb1" to "/storage" directory:
mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /storage
After run above command, I can use "df -h" can see it:
/dev/sdb1 147G 188M 140G 1% /storage
But after i restart the server, it disappear, and i have to run mount command again.
Is there a command that can keep the mount even if i restart the server?
Add the following line to your /etc/fstab file:
# device name mount point fs-type options dump-freq pass-num
/dev/sdb1 /storage ext3 defaults 0 0
You can run (as root):
echo "/dev/sdb1 /storage ext3 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
You need to add relevant information to /etc/fstab.