error with openCV2 - python-3.x

Question

I am new in coding. Using this script:
from PIL import Image
from PIL.ImageChops import subtract
import numpy, math, time, glob, sys, os, logging, requests, random
def GreenScreen(infile, inbg ,outfile='output.png', keyColor=None,tolerance=None):
"""
http://gc-films.com/chromakey.html
http://www.cs.utah.edu/~michael/chroma/
:param infile: Greenscreen image location
:param inbg: Background image location
:param outfile: Output file location
:param keyColor: greenscreen color; it can be any singular color
:param tolerance: tolerance of cleaning
:return:
"""
if not keyColor:
keyColor = [151,44,21] #Y,Cb, and Cr values of the greenscreen
if not tolerance:
tolerance = [100,130] #Allowed Distance from Values
#open files
inDataFG = Image.open('/home/leonardo/Scrivania/in/KVfnt.png').convert('YCbCr')
Path = '/home/leonardo/Scrivania/background/'
FullPath = os.path.join(Path, random.choice(os.listdir(Path)))
BG = Image.open(FullPath).convert('RGB')
[Y_key, Cb_key, Cr_key] = keyColor
[tola, tolb]= tolerance
(x,y) = inDataFG.size #get dimensions
foreground = numpy.array(inDataFG.getdata()) #make array from image
maskgen = numpy.vectorize(colorclose) #vectorize masking function
alphaMask = maskgen(foreground[:,1],foreground[:,2] ,Cb_key, Cr_key, tola, tolb) #generate mask
alphaMask.shape = (y,x) #make mask dimensions of original image
imMask = Image.fromarray(numpy.uint8(alphaMask))#convert array to image
invertMask = Image.fromarray(numpy.uint8(255-255*(alphaMask/255))) #create inverted mask with extremes
#create images for color mask
colorMask = Image.new('RGB',(x,y),tuple([0,0,0]))
allgreen = Image.new('YCbCr',(x,y),tuple(keyColor))
colorMask.paste(allgreen,invertMask) #make color mask green in green values on image
inDataFG = inDataFG.convert('RGB') #convert input image to RGB for ease of working with
cleaned = subtract(inDataFG,colorMask) #subtract greens from input
BG.paste(cleaned,imMask)#paste masked foreground over background
# BG.show() #display cleaned image
BG.save(outfile, "JPEG") #save cleaned image
def colorclose(Cb_p,Cr_p, Cb_key, Cr_key, tola, tolb):
temp = math.sqrt((Cb_key-Cb_p)**2+(Cr_key-Cr_p)**2)
if temp < tola:
z = 0.0
elif temp < tolb:
z = ((temp-tola)/(tolb-tola))
else:
z = 1.0
return 255.0*z
def check_folders(logger):
if not os.path.exists('out/'):
os.mkdir('out/')
if not os.path.exists('background/'):
os.mkdir('background/')
logger.error("Place background images in background/")
sys.exit()
if not os.path.exists('in/'):
os.mkdir('in/')
logger.error("Place input files in in/")
sys.exit()
def begin_greenbox(logger):
"""
For all backgrounds loop through all input files into the out file
"""
for bg in glob.glob('background/*'):
continue
bg_name = bg.split('/')[-1].lower().strip('.jpg').strip('.png').strip('.jpeg')
for picture in glob.glob('in/*'):
continue
pic_name = picture.split('/')[-1].lower().strip('.JPG').strip('.png').strip('.jpeg')
output_file = 'out/' + bg_name + ' ' + pic_name + '.jpg'
one_pic = time.time()
GreenScreen(infile=picture ,inbg=bg, outfile=output_file)
one_pic_time_done = time.time()
time_arr.append(one_pic_time_done-one_pic)
logger.info(time_arr)
logger.info('done : %s' % pic_name)
def start_logging():
logging.basicConfig()
logger = logging.getLogger('greenbox')
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
return logger
if __name__ == '__main__':
time_start = time.time()
time_arr = []
logger = start_logging()
logger.info("Start time: %s" % time_start)
check_folders(logger)
begin_greenbox(logger)
time_end = time.time()
logger.info("End time: %s" % time_end)
Everything is okay and the image is saved in the /out folder. Using this code:
from cv2 import *
# initialize the camera
cam = VideoCapture(0) # 0 -> index of camera
s, img = cam.read()
if s: # frame captured without any errors
namedWindow("cam-test",WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)
imwrite('/home/leonardo/Scrivania/in/KVfnt.png',img) #save image
Everything is okay and the image is captured from the camera and saved in /in folder. If I add the second code to the first one:
from PIL import Image
from PIL.ImageChops import subtract
import numpy, math, time, glob, sys, os, logging, requests, random
from cv2 import *
# initialize the camera
cam = VideoCapture(0) # 0 -> index of camera
s, img = cam.read()
if s: # frame captured without any errors
namedWindow("cam-test",WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)
imwrite('/home/leonardo/Scrivania/in/KVfnt.png',img) #save image
def GreenScreen(infile, inbg ,outfile='output.png', keyColor=None,tolerance=None):
"""
http://gc-films.com/chromakey.html
http://www.cs.utah.edu/~michael/chroma/
:param infile: Greenscreen image location
:param inbg: Background image location
:param outfile: Output file location
:param keyColor: greenscreen color; it can be any singular color
:param tolerance: tolerance of cleaning
:return:
"""
if not keyColor:
keyColor = [151,44,21] #Y,Cb, and Cr values of the greenscreen
if not tolerance:
tolerance = [100,130] #Allowed Distance from Values
#open files
inDataFG = Image.open('/home/leonardo/Scrivania/in/KVfnt.png').convert('YCbCr')
Path = '/home/leonardo/Scrivania/background/'
FullPath = os.path.join(Path, random.choice(os.listdir(Path)))
BG = Image.open(FullPath).convert('RGB')
[Y_key, Cb_key, Cr_key] = keyColor
[tola, tolb]= tolerance
(x,y) = inDataFG.size #get dimensions
foreground = numpy.array(inDataFG.getdata()) #make array from image
maskgen = numpy.vectorize(colorclose) #vectorize masking function
alphaMask = maskgen(foreground[:,1],foreground[:,2] ,Cb_key, Cr_key, tola, tolb) #generate mask
alphaMask.shape = (y,x) #make mask dimensions of original image
imMask = Image.fromarray(numpy.uint8(alphaMask))#convert array to image
invertMask = Image.fromarray(numpy.uint8(255-255*(alphaMask/255))) #create inverted mask with extremes
#create images for color mask
colorMask = Image.new('RGB',(x,y),tuple([0,0,0]))
allgreen = Image.new('YCbCr',(x,y),tuple(keyColor))
colorMask.paste(allgreen,invertMask) #make color mask green in green values on image
inDataFG = inDataFG.convert('RGB') #convert input image to RGB for ease of working with
cleaned = subtract(inDataFG,colorMask) #subtract greens from input
BG.paste(cleaned,imMask)#paste masked foreground over background
# BG.show() #display cleaned image
BG.save(outfile, "JPEG") #save cleaned image
def colorclose(Cb_p,Cr_p, Cb_key, Cr_key, tola, tolb):
temp = math.sqrt((Cb_key-Cb_p)**2+(Cr_key-Cr_p)**2)
if temp < tola:
z = 0.0
elif temp < tolb:
z = ((temp-tola)/(tolb-tola))
else:
z = 1.0
return 255.0*z
def check_folders(logger):
if not os.path.exists('out/'):
os.mkdir('out/')
if not os.path.exists('background/'):
os.mkdir('background/')
logger.error("Place background images in background/")
sys.exit()
if not os.path.exists('in/'):
os.mkdir('in/')
logger.error("Place input files in in/")
sys.exit()
def begin_greenbox(logger):
"""
For all backgrounds loop through all input files into the out file
"""
for bg in glob.glob('background/*'):
continue
bg_name = bg.split('/')[-1].lower().strip('.jpg').strip('.png').strip('.jpeg')
for picture in glob.glob('in/*'):
continue
pic_name = picture.split('/')[-1].lower().strip('.JPG').strip('.png').strip('.jpeg')
output_file = 'out/' + bg_name + ' ' + pic_name + '.jpg'
one_pic = time.time()
GreenScreen(infile=picture ,inbg=bg, outfile=output_file)
one_pic_time_done = time.time()
time_arr.append(one_pic_time_done-one_pic)
logger.info(time_arr)
logger.info('done : %s' % pic_name)
def start_logging():
logging.basicConfig()
logger = logging.getLogger('greenbox')
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
return logger
if __name__ == '__main__':
time_start = time.time()
time_arr = []
logger = start_logging()
logger.info("Start time: %s" % time_start)
check_folders(logger)
begin_greenbox(logger)
time_end = time.time()
logger.info("End time: %s" % time_end)
I obtain this error:
File "chromakey+upload.py", line 116, in <module>
begin_greenbox(logger)
File "chromakey+upload.py", line 97, in begin_greenbox
GreenScreen(infile=picture ,inbg=bg, outfile=output_file)
File "chromakey+upload.py", line 56, in GreenScreen
cleaned = subtract(inDataFG,colorMask) #subtract greens from input
TypeError: src1 is not a numpy array, neither a scalar
What is the problem? Thank you for your answers.

Answer 1

As the error says:
src1 is not a numpy array, neither a scalar
Perhaps, you should try:
cleaned = subtract(numpy.array(inDataFG.getdata()),numpy.array(colorMask.getdata()))
Edit
There is a 'conflict' on subtract:
from PIL.ImageChops import subtract # first subtract
from cv2 import * # OpenCV has a subtract too
This is one of the reasons to use namespaces on your calls.
If your main image lib is PIL, maybe you should do import cv2 and use cv2.* when needed.