from __future__ import division
import math
from sympy import *
d=symbol('d')
x=solve(d**2 - 224*d + 400)
print(x)
Hi,I'm new to python.I just tried to solve a polynomial expression using symPy,but got the following error.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Windows/System32/test.py", line 4, in <module>
d=symbol('d')
TypeError: 'module' object is not callable
Someone pls help me out with the correct function.Thank you
You're sure you are running python3, and your script is not named something that conflicts with any other modules? Do you have a file named sympy.py in your script's directory? (You shouldn't)
I never use import *, you never know what kind of namespace errors you'll run into. This code works 100% for me:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import math
import sympy
d = sympy.Symbol('d')
x = sympy.solve(d**2 - 224*d + 400)
print(x) # Prints [-4*sqrt(759) + 112, 4*sqrt(759) + 112]
x = sympy.solve(d - 10)
print(x) # Prints 10
capitalize Symbol and try again.
try with d = Symbol('d'). Doing symbol('d') you are trying to use the symbol sub-module as a function which is invalid. Also as you are in python 3 you don't need that future import
Related
This is the program for the stock prediction to be simply printed...
from alpha_vantage.timeseries import TimeSeries
# Your key here
key = 'yourkeyhere'
ts = TimeSeries(key)
aapl, meta = ts.get_daily(symbol='AAPL')
print(aapl['2020-22-5'])
I get this error...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/PycharmProjects/AlphaVantageTest/AlphaVantageTest.py", line 7, in <module>
print(aapl['2020-22-5'])
KeyError: '2020-22-5'
Since that didn't work, I tried getting a little more technical with it...
from alpha_vantage.timeseries import TimeSeries
from alpha_vantage.techindicators import TechIndicators
from matplotlib.pyplot import figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Your key here
key = 'W01B6S3ALTS82VRF'
# Chose your output format, or default to JSON (python dict)
ts = TimeSeries(key, output_format='pandas')
ti = TechIndicators(key)
# Get the data, returns a tuple
# aapl_data is a pandas dataframe, aapl_meta_data is a dict
aapl_data, aapl_meta_data = ts.get_daily(symbol='AAPL')
# aapl_sma is a dict, aapl_meta_sma also a dict
aapl_sma, aapl_meta_sma = ti.get_sma(symbol='AAPL')
# Visualization
figure(num=None, figsize=(15, 6), dpi=80, facecolor='w', edgecolor='k')
aapl_data['4. close'].plot()
plt.tight_layout()
plt.grid()
plt.show()
I get these errors...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/PycharmProjects/AlphaVantageTest/AlphaVantageTest.py", line 9, in <module>
ts = TimeSeries(key, output_format='pandas')
File "C:\Users\PycharmProjects\AlphaVantageTest\venv\lib\site-packages\alpha_vantage\alphavantage.py", line 66, in __init__
raise ValueError("The pandas library was not found, therefore can "
ValueError: The pandas library was not found, therefore can not be used as an output format, please install manually
How can I improve my program so that I don't receive these errors? None of these programs are bad syntax wise. Thank you to anyone that can help.
You need to install pandas. If you're just using pip, you can run pip install pandas if you are using conda to manage your envs you can use conda install pandas.
Glad it worked. According to this meta overflow post: What if I answer a question in a comment?
I am posting my comment as an answer so you can mark the question as answered.
The other day I was working on a project for an Image captioning model on Keras. But when I am running it, I am facing a host of error. Note that I am using Atom Editor and a virtual environment in Python, Running everything from a Command-line.
train_features = load_photo_features(os.path('C:/Users/neelg/Documents/Atom_projects/Main/features.pkl'), train)
In this line, I am receiving this error==>
File "C:\Users\neelg\Documents\Atom_projects\Main\Img_cap.py", line 143
train_features = load_photo_features(os.path('C:/Users/neelg/Documents/Atom_projects/Main/features.pkl'), train)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
I think that the syntax is correct regarding the function, yet the error persists. So, in a seperate file I copied the function and tried to isolate problem.
Code for the standalone function:-
from pickle import load
import os
def load_photo_features(filename, dataset):
all_features = load(open(filename, 'rb'))
features = {k: all_features[k] for k in dataset}
return features
filename = 'C:/Users/neelg/Documents/Atom_projects/Main/Flickr8k_text/Flickr8k.trainImages.txt'
train_features = load_photo_features(os.path('C:/Users/neelg/Documents/Atom_projects/Main/features.pkl'), train)
Now, A different type of problem crops up:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\neelg\Documents\Atom_projects\Main\testing.py", line 10, in <module>
train_features = load_photo_features(os.path('C:/Users/neelg/Documents/Atom_projects/Main/features.pkl'), train)
TypeError: 'module' object is not callable
Any help? I am trying to import the Flickr_8k dataset, which contains random pictures and another small dataset which are the labels of those photographs...
P.S=>Pls send suggestions after testing the code on tour own editors before submitting because I suspect there is some core problem arising due to the System encoding(As suggested by some others). Also, it is not possible to load the whole code due to it's length and requirement of multiple files.
This error comes from the fact that you're calling os.path which is a module not a function. Just remove it, you don't need it in this use-case, a string is enough for filename in open
I was about to ask you the same question with #ted why do you use os.path when you are trying to load the file.
Normally, I am using the following code for loading from pickle:
def load_obj(filename):
with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
return pickle.load(fp, enconding = 'bytes')
Furthermore, if I try something like that it works:
from pickle import load
import os
import pdb
def load_photo_features(filename):
all_features = load(open(filename, 'rb'))
pdb.set_trace()
#features = {k: all_features[k] for k in dataset}
#return features
train_features = load_photo_features('train.pkl')
I do not know what is the dataset input to proceed, but loading of the pickle file works fine.
I am running matlab engine from python, and it is giving an error on the line that imports matlab.engine saying that there is no module called named "matlab.engine", and that matlab is not a package. But when I try to import just matlab, it gives me an error saying AttributeError: module 'matlab' has no attribute 'engine'.
I already have matlab installed on python, as well as the engine in the matlab root folder where the engines/python is. I'm using python verison 3.6 and matlab 2018, I don't see a compatibility issue here. I am not sure what else to try.
import matlab
from numpy import *
import sys
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(sys.maxsize > 2 ** 32)
eng = matlab.engine.connect_matlab()
names = matlab.engine.find_matlab()
print(names)
eng = matlab.engine.start_matlab()
A = matlab.double([[1,2],[5,6]])
print(type(A),A.size,A)
print(eng.eig(A))
eng.quit()
pass
Try
import matlab.engine
instead of
import matlab
I am trying to do a machine learning tutorial, but for some reason, I get an error when importing quandl from the script, yet I can import it fine from the shell?
file is called regression1.py:
#!/usr/bin/python3
import pandas as pd
import quandl
df = quandl.get('WIKI/GOOGL')
df = df[['Adj. Open', 'Adj. High', 'Adj. Low', 'Adj. Close', 'Adj. Volume',]]
df['HL_PCT'] = (df['Adj. High'] - df['Adj. Close']) / df['Adj. Close'] * 100.0
df['PCT_change'] = (df['Adj. Close'] - df['Adj. Open']) / df['Adj. Open'] * 100.0
df = df[['Adj. Close', 'HL_PCT', 'PCT_change', 'Adj. Volume']]
print(df.head)
and here is the error that I get:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./regression1.py", line 4, in <module>
import quandl
ImportError: No module named 'quandl'
What's up here, any ideas?
I've found the answer to this issue, and I refer to this question:
Python Script: Runs in Shell but fails in real life because cant import module
I am running virtualenv, but in my script I used the shebang:
#!/usr/bin/python3
If I change this to:
#/home/me/Programming/virtual_environments/mlearn_env/python
i.e. my virtual environment for this particular exercise, it works fine. So be aware of what you are running and from where. I have to admit, it has not happened before, I have been able to use virtualenv with the initial shebang for all other programs run, but it seems some particular modules are a little stubborn and are not written with a different path in mind.
Please correct me if I am incorrect in my thinking.
I'm following the tutorial for decision tree on scikit documentation.
I have pydotplus 2.0.2 but it is telling me that it does not have write method - error below. I've been struggling for a while with it now, any ideas, please? Many thanks!
from sklearn import tree
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
iris = load_iris()
clf = tree.DecisionTreeClassifier()
clf = clf.fit(iris.data, iris.target)
from IPython.display import Image
dot_data = tree.export_graphviz(clf, out_file=None)
import pydotplus
graph = pydotplus.graphviz.graph_from_dot_data(dot_data)
Image(graph.create_png())
and my error is
/Users/air/anaconda/bin/python /Users/air/PycharmProjects/kiwi/hemr.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/air/PycharmProjects/kiwi/hemr.py", line 10, in <module>
dot_data = tree.export_graphviz(clf, out_file=None)
File "/Users/air/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sklearn/tree/export.py", line 375, in export_graphviz
out_file.write('digraph Tree {\n')
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'write'
Process finished with exit code 1
----- UPDATE -----
Using the fix with out_file, it throws another error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/air/PycharmProjects/kiwi/hemr.py", line 13, in <module>
graph = pydotplus.graphviz.graph_from_dot_data(dot_data)
File "/Users/air/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pydotplus/graphviz.py", line 302, in graph_from_dot_data
return parser.parse_dot_data(data)
File "/Users/air/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pydotplus/parser.py", line 548, in parse_dot_data
if data.startswith(codecs.BOM_UTF8):
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'startswith'
---- UPDATE 2 -----
Also, se my own answer below which solves another problem
The problem is that you are setting the parameter out_file to None.
If you look at the documentation, if you set it at None it returns the string file directly and does not create a file. And of course a string does not have a write method.
Therefore, do as follows :
dot_data = tree.export_graphviz(clf)
graph = pydotplus.graphviz.graph_from_dot_data(dot_data)
Method graph_from_dot_data() didn't work for me even after specifying proper path for out_file.
Instead try using graph_from_dot_file method:
graph = pydotplus.graphviz.graph_from_dot_file("iris.dot")
I met the same error this morning. I use python 3.x and here is how I solve the problem.
from sklearn import tree
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from IPython.display import Image
import io
iris = load_iris()
clf = tree.DecisionTreeClassifier()
clf = clf.fit(iris.data, iris.target)
# Let's give dot_data some space so it will not feel nervous any more
dot_data = io.StringIO()
tree.export_graphviz(clf, out_file=dot_data)
import pydotplus
graph = pydotplus.graphviz.graph_from_dot_data(dot_data.getvalue())
# make sure you have graphviz installed and set in path
Image(graph.create_png())
if you use python 2.x, I believe you need to change "import io" as:
import StringIO
and,
dot_data = StringIO.StringIO()
Hope it helps.
Also another problem was the backend settings to my Graphviz!! It is solved nicely here. you just need to lookup that settings file and change backend, or in the code mpl.use("TkAgg") as suggested there in the comments. After I only got error that pydotplot couldn't find my Graphviz executable, hence I reinstalled Graphviz via homebrew: brew install graphviz which solved the issue and I can make plots now!!
What really helped me solve the problem was:-
I executed the code from the same user through which graphviz was installed. So executing from any other user would give your error
i would suggest avoid graphviz & use the following alternate approach
from sklearn.tree import plot_tree
plt.figure(figsize=(60,30))
plot_tree(clf, filled=True);