In the function of find_shortest_func, i think if now position isn't "T" which is also known as the terminal or exit, then i will try to find for direction and see if it is "T", if not, check if it is space and i can go there. Besides, tell the next state function now output and dic to tell the place where i visited. But some errors occur and I don't know why.
I think the problem may occur where I tried to deepcopy the output list
import copy
def set_symbol(symbol_name):
def set_symbol_decorator(func):
def wrapper(self, symbol):
setattr(self, symbol_name, symbol)
return wrapper
return set_symbol_decorator
class Maze:
space_symbol = " "
obstacle_symbol = "X"
path_symbol = "•"
output = []
dis = 0
def __init__(self, input_string):
self.maze = []
if input_string.endswith("txt"):
with open(input_string) as f:
count = 0
for line in f.readlines():
self.maze.append([])
for j in line:
if j != '\n':
self.maze[count].append(j)
count += 1
else:
count = 0
for i in input_string.split("\n"):
self.maze.append([])
for j in i:
self.maze[count].append(j)
count += 1
def __str__(self):
output_string = ""
for i in range(20):
for j in range(20):
output_string += self.maze[i][j]
output_string += "\n"
return output_string
#set_symbol("space_symbol")
def set_space_symbol(self, change):
pass
#set_symbol("obstacle_symbol")
def set_obstacle_symbol(self, change):
pass
#set_symbol("path_symbol")
def set_path_symbol(self, change):
pass
def find_shortest_func(self, position: tuple, d: dict, out: list, dis: int):
dic = copy.deepcopy(d)
output = copy.deepcopy(out)
dic[(position[0], position[1])] = 1
output.append((position[0], (position[1])))
dis += 1
if self.maze[position[0]][position[1]] != "T":
if position[0]+1 < 20 and self.maze[position[0]+1][position[1]] == self.space_symbol and (position[0]+1, position[1]) not in dic:
self.find_shortest_func(
(position[0]+1, position[1]), dic, output, dis)
if position[1]+1 < 20 and self.maze[position[0]][position[1]+1] == self.space_symbol and (position[0], position[1]+1) not in dic:
self.find_shortest_func(
(position[0], position[1]+1), dic, output, dis)
if position[0]-1 >= 0 and self.maze[position[0]-1][position[1]] == self.space_symbol and (position[0]-1, position[1]) not in dic:
self.find_shortest_func(
(position[0]-1, position[1]), dic, output, dis)
if position[1]-1 >= 0 and self.maze[position[0]][position[1]-1] == self.space_symbol and (position[0], position[1]-1) not in dic:
self.find_shortest_func(
(position[0], position[1]-1), dic, output, dis)
if self.maze[position[0]][position[1]] == "T":
if dis < self.dis:
self.output = copy.deepcopy(output)
self.dis = dis
return
def find_shortest_path(self):
d = dict()
output = []
dis = -1
self.find_shortest_func((1, 0), d, output, dis)
return self.output, self.dis
import operator
class Point():
def __init__(self,x,y):
self.x=x
self.y=y
def __repr__(self):
return '<{0},{1}>'.format(self.x,self.y)
def distance(a,b):
return abs((a.x-b.x)**2+(a.y-b.y)**2)**.5
def closest(points):
n = len(points)
if n<=1:
print("invalid input")
elif n==2:
return (points[0],points[1])
elif n==3:
(a,b,c)=points
ret = (a,b) if distance(a,b) < distance(b,c) else (a,c)
ret = (ret[0],ret[1]) if distance(ret[0],ret[1])<distance(b,c) else (b,c)
else:
points = sorted(points,key=operator.attrgetter('x'))
leftPoints = points[:n//2]
rightPoints = points[n//2:]
(left_a,left_b) = closest(leftPoints)
(right_a,right_b) = closest(rightPoints)
d = min(distance(left_a,left_b),distance(right_a,right_b))
mid = (points[n//2].x+points[n//2+1].x)/2
midRange = filter(lambda pt:pt.x >=mid-d and pt.x<=mid+d,points)
midRange = sorted(midRange,key=operator.attrgetter('y'))
ret = None
localMin = None
for i in range(len(midRange)):
a = midRange[i]
for j in range(i+1,len(midRange)):
b = midRange[j]
if(not ret)or (abs(a.y-b.y)<=d and distance(a,b)<localMin):
localMin= distance(a,c)
ret = (a,b)
return ret
points =[Point(1,2),Point(0,0),Point(3,6),Point(4,7),Point(5,5),Point(8,4),Point(2,9),Point(4,5),Point(8,1),Point(4,3),Point(3,3)]
print(closest(points))
. The error is mentioned in the screenshot that I have uploaded .:
The error is coming while I am trying to run it in Python 3.7.
The error is occurring when I am trying to run the code with the parenthesis.
I was trying to run this code and encountered a run time error. I am not able to debug the code. I do believe that the error lies in functions huffman_encode and huffman_decode. The error showing is the resource warning error. Here is the code:
from linked_list import *
from huffman_bits_io import HuffmanBitsWriter as writer, HuffmanBitsReader as reader
import unittest
class Leaf:
'''class that implements Leaf'''
def __init__(self, parent, value, code, frequency):
self.parent = parent
self.frequency = frequency
self.value = value
self.code = code
def __eq__(self, other):
return type(other) == Leaf and self.parent == other.parent and self.frequency ==other.frequency and self.value==other.value and self.code==other.code
def __repr__(self):
return "[ {}, frequency = {} ]".format(self.code, self.frequency)
class Node:
'''class that implements Node'''
def __init__(self, parent, code, lchild, rchild, frequency):
self.parent = parent
self.code = code
self.frequency = frequency
self.lchild = lchild
self.rchild = rchild
def __eq__(self, other):
return type(other) == Node and self.parent==other.parent and self.code == other.code and self.frequency == other.frequency and self.lchild == other.lchild and self.rchild == other.rchild
def __repr__(self):
return "{}, freq = {}\n\left = {}\n\right = {}".format(self.code, self.frequency, self.lchild.___repr__(), self.rchild.__repr__())
def strip(string, seq):
'''this function cuts sequence from beginning of string if possible and returns result '''
if len(seq) > len(string):
return string
for i in range(len(seq)):
if seq[i] != string[i]:
return string
else:
return string[len(seq):]
def find(lst, item):
'''this function finds index of first occurrence of given element in the list and returns it or raise error if there is no such element'''
for i in range(lst.length):
if get(lst, i).value[0] == item:
return i
else:
raise ValueError
def string_traverse(node):
'''this function returns string representation of tree in pre-order traversal'''
lst = empty_list()
traverse(node, lst) #calls traverse
result_string = ''
for i in range(lst.length): #accumulate string from lst list
result_string += chr(get(lst, i).value)
return result_string
def traverse(node, code):
'''this function traverse the try and return list of leaf's value(helper for string_traverse)'''
if type(node) == Leaf:
code = add(code, node.value, code.length) #if node is Leaf than terminate recursion and return character
else:
traverse(node.lchild, code) #recursive call
traverse(node.rchild, code) #recursive call
def count_occurrences(file_name):
'''this function returns list that represent occurrence of every character of given string'''
with open(file_name) as file: #reads file
data = file.read()
lst = list()
for i in range(len(data)): #creates list of integer representation of string
lst.append(ord(data[i]))
data = lst
lst = empty_list()
for char in data: #this loop calculates occurrences of characters in the string
try:
index = find(lst, char)
lst = set(lst, index, (char, get(lst, index).value[1] + 1))
except ValueError:
lst = add(lst, (char, 1), 0)
lst = sort(lst, lambda x: x.value[1], False) #sorts occurrences
return lst
def comes_before(el1, el2):
'''this function returns True if el1 leaf should come before el2 leaf in Huffman tree meaning'''
if el1[1] < el2[1] or (el1[1] == el2[1] and type(el1[0]) is int and type(el2[0]) is int and el1[0] < el2[0]):
return True
else:
return False
def build_tree(occurrences):
'''this function returns Huffman tree based on given list of occurrences'''
if occurrences.length == 1: #if we have only one character returns Leaf with this character and code '0'
return Leaf(None, get(occurrences, 0).value[0], '0', get(occurrences, 0).value[1])
while occurrences.length != 1: #algorith described in the task
el1, occurrences = remove(occurrences, 0)
el2, occurrences = remove(occurrences, 0)
el1, el2 = el1.value, el2.value
if not comes_before(el1, el2): #finds order of elements in the tree
el1, el2 = el2, el1
new = Node(None, '', None, None, el1[1] + el2[1]) #creates new node
if type(el1[0]) is Node:
el1[0].code = '0' #sets up code for node
el1[0].parent = new
new.lchild = el1[0]
else:
new.lchild = Leaf(new, el1[0], '0', el1[1]) #if el1 is character not Node we will create leaf for that character
if type(el2[0]) is Node:
el2[0].code = '1' #sets up code for node
el2[0].parent = new
new.rchild = el2[0]
else:
new.rchild = Leaf(new, el2[0], '1', el2[1]) #if el2 is character not Node we will create leaf for that character
occurrences = insert_sorted(occurrences, (new, new.frequency), comes_before) #inserts new node
return get(occurrences, 0).value[0]
def collect_code(node, code = ''):
'''this function traverse Huffman tree and collect code for each leaf and returns them as nested list(helper for create_code)'''
if type(node) == Leaf:
lst = empty_list()
return add(lst, (node.value, code + node.code), 0) #if node is Leaf terminates recursion and returns code for the leaf
else:
lst = empty_list()
lst = add(lst, collect_code(node.lchild, code + node.code), 0) #recursive call
lst = add(lst, collect_code(node.rchild, code + node.code), 0) #recursive call
return lst
def create_code(tree):
'''this function unpack result of calling collect_code and return Huffman code as a list of tuples'''
code = collect_code(tree) #calls collect code
i = 0
while i < code.length: #this loop unpacks list
if type(get(code, i).value) is not tuple:
item, code = remove(code, i)
for j in range(item.value.length):
code = add(code, get(item.value, j).value, i)
continue
i += 1
return code
def huffman_encode(input_file, output_file):
'''task describe this function'''
occurrences = count_occurrences(input_file)
tree = build_tree(occurrences)
string = empty_list()
t = traverse(tree, string)
code = create_code(tree)
with open(input_file) as file:
string = file.read()
result_string = ''
for i in range(len(string)): #this loop encodes string using code produced by create_code function
for j in range(code.length):
temp = get(code, j).value
if string[i] == chr(temp[0]):
result_string += temp[1]
break
for i in range(occurrences.length):
temp = get(occurrences, i).value
occurrences = set(occurrences, i, (chr(temp[0]), temp[1]))
occurrences = sort(occurrences, lambda x: x.value[0], False)
file = writer(output_file)
file.write_int(code.length)
for i in range(occurrences.length):
temp = get(occurrences, i).value
file.write_byte(ord(temp[0]))
file.write_int(temp[1])
file.write_code(result_string)
file.close()
return string_traverse(tree)
def huffman_decode(input_file, output_file):
'''task describe this function'''
file = reader(input_file)
number_of_codes = file.read_int()
occurrences = empty_list()
for i in range(number_of_codes):
char = file.read_byte()
number = file.read_int()
occurrences = add(occurrences, (char, number), 0)
occurrences = sort(occurrences, lambda x: x.value[1], False)
tree = build_tree(occurrences)
code = sort(create_code(tree), lambda x: x.value[0], False)
occurrences = sort(occurrences, lambda x: x.value[0], False)
quantity_of_bits = 0
for i in range(code.length):
quantity_of_bits += get(occurrences, i).value[1]*len(get(code, i).value[1])
occurrences = sort(occurrences, lambda x: x.value[1], False)
bit_string = ''
for i in range(quantity_of_bits):
bit_string = bit_string + ('1' if file.read_bit() else '0')
result_string = ''
while bit_string: #this loop decodes string using code produced by create_code function
for j in range(code.length):
temp = get(code, j).value
stripped = strip(bit_string, temp[1])
if len(stripped) < len(bit_string):
result_string += chr(temp[0])
bit_string = stripped
break
with open(output_file, 'w') as file:
file.write(result_string)
file.close()
class Test(unittest.TestCase):
def test_strip1(self):
self.assertEqual(strip('123456', '123'), '456')
def test_strip2(self):
self.assertEqual(strip('123', '4567'), '123')
def test_strip3(self):
self.assertEqual(strip('123', '456'), '123')
def test_find(self):
lst = empty_list()
lst = add(lst, (1, 'b'), 0)
lst = add(lst, (2, 'a'), 1)
self.assertEqual(find(lst, 2), 1)
def test_find_raise(self):
lst = empty_list()
lst = add(lst, (1, 'b'), 0)
lst = add(lst, (2, 'a'), 1)
self.assertRaises(ValueError, find, lst, 5)
def test_occurrences(self):
lst = empty_list()
lst = add(lst, (97, 5), 0)
lst = add(lst, (98, 3), 0)
lst = add(lst , (99, 7), 2)
self.assertEqual(str(count_occurrences(r'test2.txt')), str(lst))
def test_create_code_and_tree_build(self):
occurrences = count_occurrences(r'test2.txt')
tree = build_tree(occurrences)
code = create_code(tree)
code = sort(code, lambda x: x.value[0], False)
self.assertEqual(str(code), "[(97, '11'), (98, '10'), (99, '0')]")
def test_huffman_encode_decode(self):
string = huffman_encode(r'test1.txt', r'test_out.txt')
huffman_decode(r'test_out.txt', r'test_decode.txt')
self.assertEqual(string, 'a')
with open(r'test1.txt') as file1:
with open(r'test_decode.txt') as file2:
self.assertEqual(file1.read(), file2.read())
file2.close()
file1.close()
def test_huffman_encode_decode3(self):
string = huffman_encode(r'test2.txt', r'test2_out.txt')
huffman_decode(r'test2_out.txt', r'test2_decode.txt')
self.assertEqual(string, 'cba')
with open(r'test2.txt') as file1:
with open(r'test2_decode.txt') as file2:
self.assertEqual(file1.read(), file2.read())
file2.close()
file1.close()
def test_huffman_encode_decode2(self):
string = huffman_encode(r'test3.txt', r'test3_out.txt')
huffman_decode(r'test3_out.txt', r'test3_decode.txt')
self.assertEqual(string, 'edcba')
with open(r'test3.txt') as file1:
with open(r'test3_decode.txt') as file2:
self.assertEqual(file1.read(), file2.read())
file2.close()
file1.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
And following is the error:
...
Warning (from warnings module):
File "C:\Users\Vikas\Documents\fwdregardingprojectdevelopment\huffman.py", line 212
with open(output_file, 'w') as file:
ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.BufferedReader name='test_out.txt'>
.
Warning (from warnings module):
File "C:\Users\Vikas\Documents\fwdregardingprojectdevelopment\huffman.py", line 212
with open(output_file, 'w') as file:
ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.BufferedReader name='test3_out.txt'>
.
Warning (from warnings module):
File "C:\Users\Vikas\Documents\fwdregardingprojectdevelopment\huffman.py", line 212
with open(output_file, 'w') as file:
ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.BufferedReader name='test2_out.txt'>
.....
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 10 tests in 0.272s
OK
it seems somewhere in your code file 'out_file' is opened and not closed
find where it is opened and close it :
out_file.close()
I am trying to parse equations as prepared text (eg:"0.035*Vp-31.5"),
extract decimal numbers,
save them to a list and replace them by 'X' in the equation.
Then return everything ...
Strange output:
('0.035*Vp-31.5', ['0.03531.5'])
It is supposed to be:
('X*Vp-X', ['0.035','31.5'])
def const(eqNo):
temp = ''
args = []
eq = eq_s[eqNo]
for i in range(len(eq)):
if eq[i].isdigit():
temp+=eq[i]
elif eq[i] == '.':
temp+=eq[i]
elif eq[i].isdigit == False:
if len(temp) != 0:
args.append(temp)
temp = ''
else:
if len(temp) != 0:
args.append(temp)
for j in args:
eq.replace(j,'X',1)
return eq, args
The error is with this
elif eq[i].isdigit == False:
you forgot parenthesis after isdigit, it should be
elif eq[i].isdigit() == False:
Cheers!